Broadcast encoding system and method
First Claim
1. A method for adding a binary code bit to a block of signal varying within a predetermined signal bandwidth, the method comprising the following steps:
- a) selecting a reference frequency within the predetermined signal bandwidth, and associating therewith both a first code frequency having a first predetermined offset from the reference frequency and a second code frequency having a second predetermined offset from the reference frequency;
b) measuring the spectral power of the signal within the block in a first neighborhood of frequencies extending about the first code frequency and in a second neighborhood of frequencies extending about the second code frequency;
c) increasing the spectral power at the first code frequency so as to render the spectral power at the first code frequency a maximum in the first neighborhood of frequencies; and
, d) decreasing the spectral power at the second code frequency so as to render the spectral power at the second code frequency a minimum in the second neighborhood of frequencies.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An encoder is arranged to add a binary code bit to a block of a signal by selecting, within the block, (i) a reference frequency within the predetermined signal bandwidth, (ii) a first code frequency having a first predetermined offset from the reference frequency, and (iii) a second code frequency having a second predetermined offset from the reference frequency. The spectral amplitude at each of the first and second code frequencies may be respectively modified to be a maximum in a first neighborhood of frequencies extending about the first code frequency and a minimum in a second neighborhood of frequencies extending about the second code frequency. Alternatively, the phase of a signal component at one of the first and second code frequencies may be changed relative to a reference signal component.
30 Citations
76 Claims
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1. A method for adding a binary code bit to a block of signal varying within a predetermined signal bandwidth, the method comprising the following steps:
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a) selecting a reference frequency within the predetermined signal bandwidth, and associating therewith both a first code frequency having a first predetermined offset from the reference frequency and a second code frequency having a second predetermined offset from the reference frequency;
b) measuring the spectral power of the signal within the block in a first neighborhood of frequencies extending about the first code frequency and in a second neighborhood of frequencies extending about the second code frequency;
c) increasing the spectral power at the first code frequency so as to render the spectral power at the first code frequency a maximum in the first neighborhood of frequencies; and
,d) decreasing the spectral power at the second code frequency so as to render the spectral power at the second code frequency a minimum in the second neighborhood of frequencies. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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14. A method for adding a binary code bit to a block of a signal having a spectral amplitude and a phase, both the spectral amplitude and the phase varying within a predetermined signal bandwidth, the method comprising the following steps:
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a) selecting, within the block, (i) a reference frequency within the predetermined signal bandwidth, (ii) a first code frequency having a first predetermined offset from the reference frequency, and (iii) a second code frequency having a second predetermined offset from the reference frequency;
b) comparing the spectral amplitude of the signal near the first code frequency to the spectral amplitude of the signal near the second code frequency;
c) selecting a portion of the signal at one of the first and second code frequencies at which the corresponding spectral amplitude is smaller to be a modifiable signal component, and selecting a portion of the signal at the other of the first and second code frequencies to be a reference signal component; and
,d) selectively changing the phase of the modifiable signal component so that it differs by no more than a predetermined amount from the phase of the reference signal component.
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27. A method of reading a digitally encoded message transmitted with a signal having a time-varying intensity, the signal characterized by a signal bandwidth, the digitally encoded message comprising a plurality of binary bits, the method comprising the following steps:
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a) selecting a reference frequency within the signal bandwidth;
b) selecting a first code frequency at a first predetermined frequency offset from the reference frequency and selecting a second code frequency at a second predetermined frequency offset from the reference frequency; and
,c) finding which one of the first and second code frequencies has a spectral amplitude associated therewith that is a maximum within a corresponding frequency neighborhood and finding which one of the first and second code frequencies has a spectral amplitude associated therewith that is a minimum within a corresponding frequency neighborhood in order to thereby determine a value of a received one of the binary bits.
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33. A method of reading a digitally encoded message transmitted with a signal having a spectral amplitude and a phase, the signal characterized by a signal bandwidth, the message comprising a plurality of binary bits, the method comprising the steps of:
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a) selecting a reference frequency within the signal bandwidth;
b) selecting a first code frequency at a first predetermined frequency offset from the reference frequency and selecting a second code frequency at a second predetermined frequency offset from the reference frequency;
c) determining the phase of the signal within respective predetermined frequency neighborhoods of the first and the second code frequencies; and
,d) determining if the phase at the first code frequency is within a predetermined value of the phase at the second code frequency and thereby determining a value of a received one of the binary bits. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52)
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39. An encoder arranged to add a binary bit of a code to a block of a signal having an intensity varying within a predetermined signal bandwidth comprising:
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a selector arranged to select, within the block, (i) a reference frequency within the predetermined signal bandwidth, (ii) a first code frequency having a first predetermined offset from the reference frequency, and (iii) a second code frequency having a second predetermined offset from the reference frequency;
a detector arranged to detect a spectral amplitude of the signal in a first neighborhood of frequencies extending about the first code frequency and in a second neighborhood of frequencies extending about the second code frequency; and
,a bit inserter arranged to insert the binary bit by increasing the spectral amplitude at the first code frequency so as to render the spectral amplitude at the first code frequency a maximum in the first neighborhood of frequencies and by decreasing the spectral amplitude at the second code frequency so as to render the spectral amplitude at the second code frequency a minimum in the second neighborhood of frequencies.
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46. An encoder arranged to add a binary bit of a code to a block of a signal having a spectral amplitude and a phase, wherein both the spectral amplitude and the phase vary within a predetermined signal bandwidth, and wherein the encoder comprises:
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a selector arranged to select, within the block, (i) a reference frequency within the predetermined signal bandwidth, (ii) a first code frequency having a first predetermined offset from the reference frequency, and (iii) a second code frequency having a second predetermined offset from the reference frequency;
a detector arranged to detect the spectral amplitude of the signal near the first code frequency and near the second code frequency;
a selector arranged to select the portion of the signal at one of the first and second code frequencies at which the corresponding spectral amplitude is smaller to be a modifiable signal component, and to select the portion of the signal at the other of the first and second code frequencies to be a reference signal component; and
,a bit inserter arranged to insert the binary bit by selectively changing the phase of the modifiable signal component so that it differs by no more than a predetermined amount from the phase of the reference signal component.
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53. A decoder arranged to decode a binary bit of a code from a block of a signal transmitted with a time-varying intensity comprising:
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a selector arranged to select, within the block, (i) a reference frequency within the signal bandwidth, (iii) a first code frequency at a first predetermined frequency offset from the reference frequency, and (iii) a second code frequency at a second predetermined frequency offset from the reference frequency;
a detector arranged to detect a spectral amplitude within respective predetermined frequency neighborhoods of the first and the second code frequencies; and
,a bit finder arranged to find the binary bit when one of the first and second code frequencies has a spectral amplitude associated therewith that is a maximum within its respective neighborhood and the other of the first and second code frequencies has a spectral amplitude associated therewith that is a minimum within its respective neighborhood. - View Dependent Claims (54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64)
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59. A decoder arranged to decode a binary bit of a code from a block of a signal transmitted with a time-varying intensity comprising:
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a selector arranged to select, within the block, (i) a reference frequency within the signal bandwidth, (ii) a first code frequency at a first predetermined frequency offset from the reference frequency, and (iii) a second code frequency at a second predetermined frequency offset from the reference frequency;
a detector arranged to detect the phase of the signal within respective predetermined frequency neighborhoods of the first and the second code frequencies; and
,a bit finder arranged to find the binary bit when the phase at the first code frequency is within a predetermined value of the phase at the second code frequency.
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65. An encoding arrangement for encoding a signal with a code, wherein the signal has a video portion and an audio portion, the encoding arrangement comprising:
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an encoder arranged to encode one of the portions of the signal; and
,a compensator arranged to compensate for any relative delay between the video portion and the audio portion caused by the encoder. - View Dependent Claims (66, 67, 68, 69)
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70. A method of reading a data element from a received signal comprising the steps of:
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a) computing a Fourier Transform of a first block of n samples of the received signal;
b) testing the first block for the data element;
c) setting an array element SIS[a] of an SIS array to a predetermined value if the data element is found in the first block;
d) updating the Fourier Transform of the first block of n samples for a second block of n samples of the received signal, wherein the second block differs from the first block by k samples, and wherein k<
n;
e) testing the second block for the data element; and
,f) setting an array element SIS[a+1] of the SIS array to the predetermined value if the data element is found in the first block. - View Dependent Claims (71, 72, 73, 74, 75)
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76. A method for adding a binary code bit to a block of a signal varying within a predetermined signal bandwidth, the method comprising the following steps:
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a) selecting a reference frequency within the predetermined signal bandwidth, and associating therewith both a first code frequency having a first predetermined offset from the reference frequency and a second code frequency having a second predetermined offset from the reference frequency;
b) measuring the spectral power of the signal within the block in a first neighborhood of frequencies extending about the first code frequency and in a second neighborhood of frequencies extending about the second code frequency, wherein the first frequency has a spectral amplitude, and wherein the second frequency has a spectral amplitude;
c) swapping the spectral amplitude of the first code frequency with a spectral amplitude of a frequency having a maximum amplitude in the first neighborhood of frequencies while retaining a phase angle at both the first frequency and the frequency having the maximum amplitude in the first neighborhood of frequencies; and
,d) swapping the spectral amplitude of the second code frequency with a spectral amplitude of a frequency having a minimum amplitude in the second neighborhood of frequencies while retaining a phase angle at both the second frequency and the frequency having the maximum amplitude in the second neighborhood of frequencies.
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Specification