Detection of analytes in aqueous environments

• US 20020039793A1
• Filed: 08/03/2001
• Published: 04/04/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 08/04/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Senseonics, Incorporated (Senseonics Holdings, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Sensors For Medicine and Science Incorporated
• Inventors: Colvin, Arthur E. Jr.
• Granted Patent: US 6,794,195 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 436/95
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1459 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter A61B5/1464 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 257/02 not condensed with other rings
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6432 Quenching
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/7786 Fluorescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6428 Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" in vivo A61B5/00; immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 31/22 using chemical indicators G01N31/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/542 with steric inhibition or signal modification, e.g. fluorescent quenching
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/66 involving blood sugars, e.g. galactose
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/84 involving inorganic compounds or pH
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/143333 Saccharide [e.g., DNA, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/144444 Glucose

Abstract

The invention relates to indicator molecules for detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte in a medium, such as a liquid, and to methods for achieving such detection. More particularly, the invention relates to copolymer macromolecules containing relatively hydrophobic indicator component monomers, and hydrophilic monomers, such that the macromolecule is capable of use in an aqueous environment.

Claims

1. An indicator macromolecule for detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte in an aqueous environment, said macromolecule comprising a copolymer of:

a) one or more indicator component monomers which individually are not sufficiently water soluble to permit their use in an aqueous environment for detecting the presence or concentration of said analyte; and

b) one or more hydrophilic monomers;

such that the macromolecule is capable of detecting the presence or concentration of said analyte in an aqueous environment.

2. The indicator macromolecule of claim 1, wherein the macromolecule is capable of detection by an optical change.

3. The indicator macromolecule of claim 1, wherein the indicator component monomer comprises an N-(o-boronobenzyl)aminomethylanthracene derivative.

4. The indicator macromolecule of claim 3, wherein the indicator component monomer is selected from the group consisting of

9-[[N-methacryloylaminopropyl-N-(o-boronobenzyl)amino]-methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-boronobenzyl)]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

N-[3-(methacrylamido)propyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenesulfonamide;

α

,α

′

-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]-1,4-xylene;

and salts or derivatives thereof.

5. The indicator macromolecule of claim 3, wherein the hydrophilic monomer comprises [3-(methacryloylamino)-propyl]trimethylammonium chloride.

6. The indicator macromolecule of claim 1, wherein the indicator component monomer is selected from the group consisting of a lanthanide chelate and a polyaromatic hydrocarbon.

7. The indicator macromolecule of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is from about 2;

1 to about 1000;

1.

8. The indicator macromolecule of claim 7, wherein the ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is from about 5;

1 to about 50;

1.

9. The indicator macromolecule of claim 8, wherein the ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is about 5;

1.

10. The indicator macromolecule of claim 1, wherein the analyte detected is selected from the group consisting of a vicinal diol;

an α

-hydroxy acid, a β

-keto acid oxygen;

carbon dioxide;

zinc, potassium, hydrogen, or carbonate ions;

a toxin;

a mineral; and

a hormone.

11. The indicator macromolecule of claim 10, wherein the analyte detected is a vicinal diol which comprises a saccharide.

12. The indicator macromolecule of claim 11, wherein the saccharide is glucose.

13. The indicator macromolecule of claim 1, wherein

i) the molar ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is from about 2;

1 to about 15;

1,

ii) the indicator component monomer comprises an N-(o-boronobenzyl)amino]methyl]anthracene derivative,

iii) the hydrophilic monomer comprises [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride, and

iv) the macromolecule exhibits an excimer effect.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the macromolecule is capable of detection by an optical change.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the indicator component monomer comprises an N-(o-boronobenzyl)aminomethylanthracene derivative.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the indicator component monomer is selected from the group consisting of

9-[[N-methacryloylaminopropyl-N-(o-boronobenzyl)amino]-methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis [N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-boronobenzyl)]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis [N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

N-[3-(methacrylamido)propyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenesulfonamide;

α

,α

′

-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]-1,4-xylene;

and salts or derivatives thereof.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein the hydrophilic monomer comprises [3-(methacryloylamino)-propyl]trimethylammonium chloride.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein the indicator component monomer is selected from the group consisting of a lanthanide chelate and a polyaromatic hydrocarbon.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein the molar ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is from about 2;

1 to about 1000;

1.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is from about 5;

1 to about 50;

1.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is about 5;

1.

23. The method of claim 14, wherein the analyte detected is selected from the group consisting of a vicinal diol;

an α

-hydroxy acid;

a β

-keto acid;

oxygen;

carbon dioxide;

zinc, potassium, hydrogen, or carbonate ions;

a toxin;

a mineral; and

a hormone.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the analyte detected is a vicinal diol which comprises a saccharide.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the saccharide is glucose.

26. The method of claim 14, wherein

i) the molar ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is from about 2;

1 to about 15;

1,

ii) the indicator component monomer comprises an N-(o-boronobenzyl)aminomethylanthracene derivative,

iii) the hydrophilic monomer comprises [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride, and

iv) the macromolecule exhibits an excimer effect.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the change in said detectable quality is an optical change.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the indicator component monomer comprises an N-(o-boronobenzyl)aminomethylanthracene derivative.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the indicator component monomer is selected from the group consisting of

9-[[N-methacryloylaminopropyl-N-(o-boronobenzyl)amino]-methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methylanthracene;

9-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2--boronobenzyl)]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

N-[3-(methacrylamido)propyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenesulfonamide;

α

,α

′

-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]-1,4-xylene;

and salts or derivatives thereof.

31. The method of claim 27, wherein the hydrophilic monomer comprises [3-(methacryloylamino)-propyl]trimethylammonium chloride.

32. The method of claim 27, wherein the indicator component monomer is selected from the group consisting of a lanthanide chelate and a polyaromatic hydrocarbon.

33. The method of claim 27 wherein the molar ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is from about 2;

1 to about 1000;

1.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is from about 5;

1 to about 50;

1.

35. The method of claim 34 wherein the ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is about 5;

1.

36. The method of claim 27, wherein the analyte detected is selected from the group consisting of a saccharide;

oxygen;

carbon dioxide; and

zinc, potassium, hydrogen, or carbonate ions.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein the analyte detected is a saccharide.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the saccharide is glucose.

39. The method of claim 27, wherein

i) the molar ratio of hydrophilic monomer:

indicator component momomer is from about 2;

1 to about 15;

1,

ii) the indicator component monomer comprises an N-(o-boronobenzyl)aminomethylanthracene derivative,

iii) the hydrophilic monomer comprises [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride, and

iv) the macromolecule exhibits an excimer effect.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein said macromolecule serves as both an indicator and a reference.

14. A method for the production of an indicator macromolecule for detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte in an aqueous environment, said method comprising copolymerizing:

a) one or more indicator component monomers which individually are not sufficiently water soluble to permit their use in an aqueous environment for detecting the presence or concentration of said analyte; and

b) one or more hydrophilic monomers;

such that the resulting macromolecule is capable of detecting the presence or concentration of said analyte in an aqueous environment.

27. A method for detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte in a sample having an aqueous environment, said method comprising:

a) exposing the sample to an indicator macromolecule, said macromolecule comprising a copolymer of;

i) one or more indicator component monomers which individually are not sufficiently water soluble to permit their use in an aqueous environment for detecting the presence or concentration of said analyte; and

ii) one or more hydrophilic monomers;

such that the resulting macromolecule is capable of detecting the presence or concentration of said analyte in an aqueous environment, and wherein the indicator macromolecule has a detectable quality that changes in a concentration-dependent manner when said macromolecule is exposed to said analyte; and

b) measuring any change in said detectable quality to thereby determine the presence or concentration of said analyte in said sample.

41. A macromolecule which is capable of exhibiting an excimer effect, which comprises a copolymer of:

a) one or more excimer forming monomers, the molecules of which are capable of exhibiting an excimer effect when suitably oriented with respect to each other; and

b) one or more other monomers;

such that the resulting macromolecule exhibits said excimer effect.

42. The macromolecule of claim 41, wherein the macromolecule is capable of detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte.

43. The macromolecule of claim 42, wherein

a) the excimer forming monomer individually is not sufficiently water soluble to permit its use in an aqueous environment for detecting the presence or concentration of said analyte;

and

b) the other monomer is a hydrophilic monomer;

such that the macromolecule is capable of detecting the presence or concentration of said analyte in an aqueous environment.

44. The macromolecule of claim 42, wherein the excimer effect does not substantially change in response to changes in the presence or concentration of the analyte.

45. The macromolecule of claim 44, wherein

i) the molar ratio of other monomer:

excimer forming momomer is from about 2;

1 to about 15;

1,

ii) the excimer forming monomer comprises an N-(o-boronobenzyl)aminomethylanthracene derivative, and

iii) the other monomer comprises [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride.

46. The macromolecule of claim 41, wherein the excimer forming monomer is selected from the group consisting of a lanthanide chelate and a polyaromatic hydrocarbon.

47. The macromolecule of claim 45, wherein the excimer forming monomer is selected from the group consisting of

9-[[N-methacryloylaminopropyl-N-(o-boronobenzyl)amino]-methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-(2-boronbenzyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methylanthracene;

9-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]-10-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)

9,10-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

N-[3-(methacrylamido)propyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenesulfonamide;

α

,α

′

-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]-1,4-xylene;

and salts or derivatives thereof.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the macromolecule is capable of detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte.

50. The method of claim 49, wherein

a) the excimer forming monomer individually is not sufficiently water soluble to permit its use in an aqueous environment for detecting the presence or concentration of said analyte;

and

b) the other monomer is a hydrophilic monomer;

such that the macromolecule is capable of detecting the presence or concentration of said analyte in an aqueous environment.

51. The method of claim 49, wherein the excimer effect does not substantially change in response to changes in the presence or concentration of the analyte.

52. The method of claim 51, wherein

i) the molar ratio of other monomer:

excimer forming momomer is from about 2;

1 to about 15;

1,

ii) the excimer forming monomer comprises an N-(o-boronobenzyl)aminomethylanthracene derivative, and

iii) the other monomer comprises [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride.

53. The method of claim 48, wherein the excimer forming monomer is selected from the group consisting of a lanthanide chelate and a polyaromatic hydrocarbon.

54. The method of claim 52, wherein the excimer forming monomer is selected from the group consisting of

9-[[N-methacryloylaminopropyl-N-(o-boronobenzyl)amino]-methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)-ethylamino]methyl]-10-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]-anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

9,10-bis[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

N-[3-(methacrylamido)propyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenesulfonamide;

α

,α

′

-bis[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[3-(methacrylamido)propylamino]-1,4-xylene;

and salts or derivatives thereof.

48. A method for producing a macromolecule which is capable of exhibiting an excimer effect, which method comprises copolymerizing:

a) one or more excimer forming monomers, the molecules of which are capable of exhibiting an excimer effect when suitably oriented with respect to each other; and

b) one or more other monomers;

such that the resulting macromolecule exhibits said excimer effect.

55. A method for detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte in a sample, said method comprising:

a) exposing the sample to an indicator macromolecule, said macromolecule comprising a copolymer of;

i) one or more indicator component monomers, the molecules of which are capable of exhibiting an excimer effect when suitably oriented with respect to each other, and which are also capable of detecting the presence or concentration of an analyte; and

ii) one or more other monomers;

such that the resulting macromolecule exhibits said excimer effect, and wherein the indicator macromolecule has a detectable quality that changes in a concentration-dependent manner when said macromolecule is exposed to said analyte; and

b) measuring any change in said detectable quality to thereby determine the presence or concentration of said analyte in said sample.

56. The method of claim 55, wherein the excimer effect does not substantially change in response to changes in the presence or concentration of the analyte.

57. The method of claim 56, wherein

i) the molar ratio of other monomer:

indicator component momomer is from about 2;

1 to about 15;

1,

ii) the indicator component monomer comprises an N-(o-boronobenzyl)amino]methyl]anthracene derivative, and

iii) the other monomer comprises [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride.

58. The method of claim 55, wherein the indicator component monomer is selected from the group consisting of a lanthanide chelate and a polyaromatic hydrocarbon.

59. The method of claim 57, wherein the indicator component monomer is selected from the group consisting of

9-[[N-methacryloylaminopropyl-N-(o-boronobenzyl)amino]-methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[3-(methacrylamido)-propylamino]methyl]-10-[N-[2-(5,5-dimethylborinan-2-yl)benzyl]-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]-methyl]anthracene;

9-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)-ethylamino]-methyl]-10-[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]-anthracene; and

9,10-bis[N-(2-boronobenzyl)-N-[2-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)ethylamino]methyl]anthracene;

and salts or derivatives thereof.