Flicker and frequency doubling in virtual reality

• US 20020047987A1
• Filed: 07/02/2001
• Published: 04/25/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/1996
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Orincon Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation), Massengill Family Trust
• Original Assignee: Massengill Family Trust
• Inventors: Wroblewski, Dariusz, Massengill, R. Kemp, McClure, Richard J.
• Granted Patent: US 6,592,222 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 351/204
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 3/024 for determining the visual field, e.g. perimeter types
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 3/032 Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors A61B3/036 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0022 Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6814 Head
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7267 involving training the classification device
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0132 comprising binocular systems
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0136 with a single image source for both eyes
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/017 Head mounted
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0172 characterised by optical features
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/013 Eye tracking input arrangements G06F3/015 takes precedence

Abstract

A system for testing and quantifying visual field and other visual function information in a head-mounted virtual reality environment, utilizing a directed image formation device for scanning of a flickering image for display to the test subject. A method and an apparatus are also provided for utilizing a central neural network and a central data bank to perform automatic interpretation of the visual function test parameters obtained in a plurality of visual field testing systems, for a plurality of patients, with control and response signals being transmitted via the Internet. The data produced by the testing systems are automatically analyzed and compared with patterns on which the neural network was previously trained, and clinical diagnoses for pathological conditions are thereby suggested to the respective clinician for each patient.

Claims

1. A visual function testing apparatus, comprising:

a light source, said light source being modulated to create a flickering image;

a scanning system, said scanning system being adapted to scan said flickering image from said light source for display to an eye of a patient;

a gaze sensing device adapted to sense the orientation of an eye of a patient and to generate a gaze orientation signal;

a response sensing device adapted to sense a patient'"'"'s response to said flickering image and to generate a response signal; and

a computer, said computer being connected to said light source to modulate said light source to create said flickering image, said computer being connected to said gaze sensing device to receive said gaze orientation signal, said computer being connected to said response sensing device to receive said response signal, and said computer being programmed to interpret said gaze orientation signal and said response signal to evaluate at least one visual function of the patient.

2. A visual function testing apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said scanning device is mountable to the head of a patient.

3. A visual function testing apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said computer is programmed to vary at least one characteristic of said flickering image.

4. A visual function testing apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising an optical system for directing said flickering image from said scanning system onto the retina of an eye of a patient.

5. A visual function testing apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising a redirection element for redirecting said flickering image onto the retina of an eye of a patient.

6. A visual function testing apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein said redirection element comprises a Fresnel optical element.

7. A visual function testing apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein said Fresnel optical element comprises a Fresnel mirror.

8. A visual function testing apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein said Fresnel optical element comprises a Fresnel lens.

9. A visual function testing apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising a beam splitter adapted to split said flickering image from said light source to create a separate flickering image for display to each eye of a patient.

10. A visual function testing apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said computer is programmed to shift said flickering image to a desired location relative to said gaze orientation of the patient.

11. A method for analyzing at least one visual function of a patient, said method comprising:

providing a light source connected to a computer;

mounting a display device to the head of a patient, said display device including an image scanning system and a gaze sensing device, said display device being connected to said computer;

modulating said light source with said computer to generate a flickering image;

scanning said flickering image from said light source for display to an eye of the patient, with said scanning system;

sensing the orientation of the eye of the patient and generating a gaze orientation signal;

sensing the patient'"'"'s response to said flickering image and generating a response signal; and

interpreting said gaze orientation signal and said response signal with said computer to evaluate at least one visual function of the patient.

12. A method as recited in claim 11, further comprising splitting said flickering image from said light source with a beam splitter, to create a separate flickering image for display to each eye of the patient.

13. A method as recited in claim 11, further comprising shifting said flickering image to a desired location relative to said gaze orientation of the patient.

15. A visual field testing system as recited in claim 14, wherein each said display device is mounted in a substantially motionless relationship to the head of a patient, while allowing the head to move.

16. A visual field testing apparatus as recited in claim 14, wherein said central processing system is connectable to said plurality of local signal processing systems via the Internet.

18. A method as recited in claim 17, further comprising connecting said central processing system to each said display device, response sensing device, and local signal processing device via the Internet, for controlling the generation of each said flickering image and receiving each said response signal.

14. A multiple site visual field testing system, comprising:

a plurality of image display devices, each said display device being constructed and positioned to display a flickering image for at least one eye of the respective patient;

a plurality of response sensing devices, each said response sensing device being adapted to sense a respective patient'"'"'s response to a visual stimulus and to generate a response signal;

a plurality of local signal processing systems, each said local processing system being connected to a respective said display device to generate said flickering image, each said local processing system being connected to a respective said response sensing device to receive said response signal;

a central processing system connectable to said plurality of local signal processing systems for controlling generation of said flickering images, and for receipt of said response signals from said plurality of local processing systems;

a neural network for automatic interpretation of said response signals; and

a central data repository for collection of data from said response signals, and for repetitive training of said neural network.

17. A method for automatically analyzing the visual fields of a plurality of patients, comprising:

providing an image display device, a response sensing device, and a local signal processing device for each of a plurality of patients;

displaying a flickering image for at least one eye of each patient;

sensing each patient'"'"'s response to said flickering image and generating a response signal for each patient;

controlling generation of each said flickering image and receiving each said response signal with a central processing system; and

analyzing at least one characteristic of the visual field of each patient with a central neural network.