System and method for functional brain mapping and an oxygen saturation difference map algorithm for effecting same
First Claim
1. A method of functional brain mapping of a subject comprising the steps of:
- (a) illuminating an exposed cortex of a brain or portion thereof of the subject with incident light;
(b) acquiring a reflectance spectrum of each picture element of at least a portion of the exposed cortex of the subject;
(c) stimulating the brain of the subject;
(d) during or after step (c) acquiring at least one additional reflectance spectrum of each picture element of at least the portion of the exposed cortex of the subject; and
(e) generating an image highlighting differences among spectra of the exposed cortex acquired in steps (b) and (d), so as to highlight functional brain regions.
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Abstract
A method of functional brain mapping of a subject is disclosed. The method is effected by (a) illuminating an exposed cortex of a brain or portion thereof of the subject with incident light; (b) acquiring a reflectance spectrum of each picture element of at least a portion of the exposed cortex of the subject; (c) stimulating the brain of the subject; (d) during or after step (c) acquiring at least one additional reflectance spectrum of each picture element of at least the portion of the exposed cortex of the subject; and (e) generating an image highlighting differences among spectra of the exposed cortex acquired in steps (b) and (d), so as to highlight functional brain regions. Algorithms for calculating oxygen saturation and blood volume maps which can be used to practice the method are also disclosed. Systems for practicing the method are also disclosed.
235 Citations
271 Claims
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1. A method of functional brain mapping of a subject comprising the steps of:
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(a) illuminating an exposed cortex of a brain or portion thereof of the subject with incident light;
(b) acquiring a reflectance spectrum of each picture element of at least a portion of the exposed cortex of the subject;
(c) stimulating the brain of the subject;
(d) during or after step (c) acquiring at least one additional reflectance spectrum of each picture element of at least the portion of the exposed cortex of the subject; and
(e) generating an image highlighting differences among spectra of the exposed cortex acquired in steps (b) and (d), so as to highlight functional brain regions. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 249, 253, 254, 268, 269)
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62. A method of generating an oxygen saturation and/or blood volume difference map of a tissue of a subject, the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) illuminating the tissue of the subject with incident light;
(b) at a first time point, acquiring a spectrum of each picture element of the tissue of the subject;
(c) at a second time point, acquiring at least one additional spectrum of each picture element of the tissue of the subject; and
(d) generating an image highlighting differences among spectra of the tissue acquired in steps (b) and (c), so as to generate the oxygen saturation and/or blood volume difference map of the tissue. - View Dependent Claims (63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 248, 256, 257)
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108. A method of performing a neurosurgery for the removal of a mass from a brain of a subject while minimizing damage to a neighboring brain tissue, the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) performing a craniotomy so as to expose at least a portion of a cortex of the subject;
(b) performing functional brain mapping of the subject by;
(i) illuminating the exposed portion of the cortex with incident light;
(ii) acquiring a reflectance spectrum of each picture element of at least a portion of the exposed cortex of the subject;
(iii) stimulating the neighboring brain tissue of the subject;
(iv) during or after step (iii) acquiring at least one additional reflectance spectrum of each picture element of at least the portion of the exposed cortex of the subject; and
(v) generating an image highlighting differences among spectra of the exposed cortex acquired in steps (ii) and (iv), so as to highlight the functional brain regions of the neighboring brain tissue; and
(c) assisted by said image, removing the mass while minimizing damage to the neighboring brain tissue. - View Dependent Claims (109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 250, 259, 260, 262, 263)
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169. A system for functional brain mapping of a subject, the system comprising:
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(a) an illumination device for illuminating an exposed cortex of a brain or portion thereof of the subject with incident light;
(b) a spectral imaging device for acquiring reflectance spectra of each picture element of at least a portion of the exposed cortex of the subject before and during and/or after stimulating the brain of the subject; and
(c) an image generating device for generating an image highlighting differences among spectra of the exposed cortex acquired before and during and/or after stimulating the brain of the subject, so as to highlight functional brain regions.
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215. A system of generating an oxygen saturation and/or blood volume difference map of a tissue of a subject, the system comprising:
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(a) an illumination device for illuminating the tissue of the subject with incident light;
(b) a spectral imaging device for acquiring spectra of each picture element of the tissue of the subject at a first time point and at a second time point; and
(c) an image generating device for generating an image highlighting differences among spectra of the tissue acquired in said first and said second time points, so as to generate the oxygen saturation and/or blood volume difference map of the tissue. - View Dependent Claims (216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 252, 255, 258, 261, 264, 265, 266, 267, 270, 271)
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243. A system for monitoring oxygen saturation in a tissue comprising a spectral imaging device and an image generating device, said spectral imaging device and said image generating device acting in synergy to produce an oxygen saturation difference map by highlighting tissue regions characterized by a characteristic selected from the group consisting of:
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(a) having an absolute or relative level of oxygen saturation above a predetermined first threshold;
(b) having an oxygen saturation difference above a predetermined second threshold; and
(c) having a cluster size above a predetermined size.
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244. A system for monitoring oxygen saturation in a tissue comprising a spectral imaging device and an image generating device, said spectral imaging device and said image generating device acting in synergy to produce an oxygen saturation difference map by highlighting tissue regions characterized by:
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(a) having an absolute or relative level of oxygen saturation above a predetermined first threshold;
(b) having an oxygen saturation difference above a predetermined second threshold; and
(c) having a cluster size above a predetermined size.
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245. A system for monitoring blood volume in a tissue comprising a spectral imaging device and an image generating device, said spectral imaging device and said image generating device acting in synergy to produce a blood volume difference map by highlighting tissue regions characterized by a characteristic selected from the group consisting of:
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(a) having an absolute or relative level of blood volume above a predetermined first threshold;
(b) having a blood volume difference above a predetermined second threshold; and
(c) having a cluster size above a predetermined size.
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246. A system for monitoring blood volume in a tissue comprising a spectral imaging device and an image generating device, said spectral imaging device and said image generating device acting in synergy to produce a blood volume difference map by highlighting tissue regions characterized by:
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(a) having an absolute or relative level of blood volume above a predetermined first threshold;
(b) having a blood volume difference above a predetermined second threshold; and
(c) having a cluster size above a predetermined size.
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247. A system for functional brain mapping comprising a spectral imaging device and an image generating device, said spectral imaging device and said image generating device acting in synergy to produce an anatomical image of the brain or a portion thereof and a coded functional map of the brain or said portion thereof, said coded functional map reflecting a change in the brain in response to a stimulus, said functional map and said anatomical image being co-displayed.
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251. A method of brain mapping of a subject comprising the steps of:
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(a) illuminating an exposed cortex of a brain or portion thereof of the subject with incident light;
(b) acquiring a reflectance spectrum of each picture element of at least a portion of the exposed cortex of the subject; and
(e) generating an image highlighting concentrations of at least one substance in the brain.
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Specification