Method and apparatus using a circuit model to evaluate cell/battery parameters
First Claim
1. Apparatus for determining one or more parameters of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
- response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
, computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model comprising the series combination of a series R-L subcircuit and a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate one or more said parameters from values of one or more said elements.
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Abstract
Testing apparatus senses the time-varying electrical response of an electrochemical cell/battery to time-varying electrical excitation. The cell/battery may, or may not, be in service. Computation circuitry responsive to the time-varying electrical response evaluates elements of a unique circuit model representation of the cell/battery. Performance parameters and physical parameters are computed from these element values. Computed performance parameters include, but are not limited to, “total storage capacity”, “absolute stored charge”, “state-of-charge”, “absolute cranking current”, “fully charged cranking current”, and “state-of-health”. Computed physical parameters include, but are not limited to, “exchange current”, “maximum exchange current”, “charge transfer conductance”, “maximum charge transfer conductance”, “double layer capacitance”, and “maximum double layer capacitance”. Computed parameters are either displayed to the user, employed to initiate an alarm, or used to control a process such as charging the cell/battery.
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Citations
143 Claims
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1. Apparatus for determining one or more parameters of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model comprising the series combination of a series R-L subcircuit and a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate one or more said parameters from values of one or more said elements. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77)
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39. A method for determining one or more parameters of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate elements of a circuit model of said cell or battery comprising the series combination of a series R-L subcircuit and a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits; and
,determining values of one or more said parameters from values of one or more said elements.
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78. Apparatus for determining absolute stored charge of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model containing a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits connected in series, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate said absolute stored charge from the value of the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit.
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79. Apparatus for determining an exchange current of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model containing a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits connected in series, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate said exchange current from the value of the conductance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit.
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80. Apparatus for determining state-of-charge of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model containing a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits connected in series, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate said state-of-charge from the value of the conductance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit and the value of the capacitance element of a different parallel G-C subcircuit.
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81. Apparatus for determining total storage capacity of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model containing a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits connected in series, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate said total storage capacity from the value of the conductance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit and the value of the capacitance element of a different parallel G-C subcircuit. - View Dependent Claims (87, 88, 89)
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82. Apparatus for determining maximum exchange current of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model containing a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits connected in series, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate said maximum exchange current from the value of the conductance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit and the value of the capacitance element of a different parallel G-C subcircuit.
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83. Apparatus for determining absolute cranking current of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model containing a series R-L subcircuit in series with a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate said absolute cranking current from the value of the resistance element of said series R-L subcircuit. - View Dependent Claims (84, 85, 86)
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90. Apparatus for determining a charge transfer conductance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model containing a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits connected in series, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate said charge transfer conductance from the value of the conductance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit.
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91. Apparatus for determining a double layer capacitance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model containing a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits connected in series, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate said double layer capacitance from the value of the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit.
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92. Apparatus for determining a maximum charge transfer conductance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model containing a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits connected in series, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate said maximum charge transfer conductance from the values of the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit and the conductance element of a different parallel G-C subcircuit.
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93. Apparatus for determining a maximum double layer capacitance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry coupled to said response sensing circuitry and adapted to utilize said response to evaluate elements of a circuit model containing a plurality of parallel G-C subcircuits connected in series, said computation circuitry further adapted to evaluate said maximum double layer capacitance from the values of the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit and the conductance element of a different parallel G-C subcircuit.
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94. A method for determining the absolute stored charge of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit of an electrical circuit representation of said cell or battery containing a plurality of said G-C subcircuits; and
,determining the value of said absolute stored charge from the value of said capacitance element. - View Dependent Claims (110)
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95. A method for determining an exchange current of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate the conductance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit of an electrical circuit representation of said cell or battery; and
,determining the value of said exchange current from the value of said conductance element. - View Dependent Claims (111, 125, 128, 131, 134, 137, 140)
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96. A method for determining the state-of-charge of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit and the conductance element of a different parallel G-C subcircuit of an electrical circuit representation of said cell or battery; and
,determining the value of said state-of-charge from the value of said capacitance element and the value of said conductance element. - View Dependent Claims (112)
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97. A method for determining the total storage capacity of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit and the conductance element of a different parallel G-C subcircuit of an electrical circuit representation of said cell or battery; and
,determining the value of said total storage capacity from the value of said capacitance element and the value of said conductance element. - View Dependent Claims (103, 104, 105, 113, 118)
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98. A method for determining the maximum exchange current of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit and the conductance element of a different parallel G-C subcircuit of an electrical circuit representation of said cell or battery; and
,determining the value of said maximum exchange current from the value of said capacitance element and the value of said conductance element. - View Dependent Claims (114)
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99. A method for determining the absolute cranking current of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate the resistance element of a series R-L subcircuit of an electrical circuit representation of said cell or battery; and
,determining the value of said absolute cranking current from the value of said resistance element. - View Dependent Claims (100, 101, 102, 115, 116, 117)
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106. A method for determining a double layer capacitance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit of an electrical circuit representation of said cell or battery containing a plurality of said G-C subcircuits; and
,determining the value of said double layer capacitance from the value of said capacitance element. - View Dependent Claims (119)
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107. A method for determining a charge transfer conductance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate the conductance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit of an electrical circuit representation of said cell or battery; and
,determining the value of said charge transfer conductance from the value of said conductance element. - View Dependent Claims (120)
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108. A method for determining a maximum double layer capacitance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit and the conductance element of a different parallel G-C subcircuit of an electrical circuit representation of said cell or battery; and
,determining the value of said maximum double layer capacitance from the value of said capacitance element and the value of said conductance element. - View Dependent Claims (121)
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109. A method for determining a maximum charge transfer conductance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate the capacitance element of a particular parallel G-C subcircuit and the conductance element of a different parallel G-C subcircuit of an electrical circuit representation of said cell or battery; and
,determining the value of said maximum charge transfer conductance from the value of said capacitance element and the value of said conductance element. - View Dependent Claims (122)
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123. Apparatus for determining state-of-charge of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry responsive to said time-varying response and adapted to evaluate a charge transfer conductance and a double layer capacitance, said computation circuitry further adapted to determine said state-of-charge by combining values of said charge transfer conductance and said double layer capacitance.
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124. A method for determining state-of-charge of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate a double layer capacitance and a charge transfer conductance; and
,determining said state-of-charge by combining values of said double layer capacitance and said charge transfer conductance.
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126. Apparatus for determining total storage capacity of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry responsive to said time-varying response and adapted to evaluate a charge transfer conductance and a double layer capacitance, said computation circuitry further adapted to determine said total storage capacity by combining values of said charge transfer conductance and said double layer capacitance.
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127. A method for determining total storage capacity of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate a double layer capacitance and a charge transfer conductance; and
,determining said total storage capacity by combining values of said double layer capacitance and said charge transfer conductance.
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129. Apparatus for determining absolute stored charge of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry responsive to said time-varying response and adapted to evaluate a double layer capacitance, said computation circuitry further adapted to determine said absolute stored charge from the value of said double layer capacitance.
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130. A method for determining absolute stored charge of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate a double layer capacitance; and
,determining said absolute stored charge from the value of said double layer capacitance.
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132. Apparatus for determining an exchange current of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry responsive to said time-varying response and adapted to evaluate a charge transfer conductance, said computation circuitry further adapted to determine said exchange current from the value of said charge transfer conductance.
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133. A method for determining an exchange current of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate a charge transfer conductance; and
,determining said exchange current from the value of said charge transfer conductance.
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135. Apparatus for determining a maximum double layer capacitance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry responsive to said time-varying response and adapted to evaluate a double layer capacitance and a charge transfer conductance, said computation circuitry further adapted to determine said maximum double layer capacitance from the values of said double layer capacitance and said charge transfer conductance.
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136. A method for determining a maximum double layer capacitance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate a double layer capacitance and a charge transfer conductance; and
,determining said maximum double layer capacitance from the values of said double layer capacitance and said charge transfer conductance.
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138. Apparatus for determining a maximum charge transfer conductance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry responsive to said time-varying response and adapted to evaluate a double layer capacitance and a charge transfer conductance, said computation circuitry further adapted to determine said maximum charge transfer conductance from the values of said double layer capacitance and said charge transfer conductance.
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139. A method for determining a maximum charge transfer conductance of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate a double layer capacitance and a charge transfer conductance; and
,determining said maximum charge transfer conductance from the values of said double layer capacitance and said charge transfer conductance.
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141. Apparatus for determining a maximum exchange current of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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response sensing circuitry coupled to said cell or battery and adapted to sense time-varying electrical response of said cell or battery generated as a result of time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery; and
,computation circuitry responsive to said time-varying response and adapted to evaluate a double layer capacitance and a charge transfer conductance, said computation circuitry further adapted to determine said maximum exchange current from the values of said double layer capacitance and said charge transfer conductance.
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142. A method for determining a maximum exchange current of an electrochemical cell or battery comprising:
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sensing time-varying electrical response to time-varying electrical excitation of said cell or battery;
processing said time-varying electrical response to evaluate a double layer capacitance and a charge transfer conductance; and
,determining said maximum exchange current from the values of said double layer capacitance and said charge transfer conductance. - View Dependent Claims (143)
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Specification