Biological identification system with integrated sensor chip
First Claim
1. A method of detecting the presence or measuring the quantity of a target analyte in a sample reagent comprising the steps of:
- contacting a microfabricated electrochemical biosensor with the sample reagent, the microfabricated electrochemical biosensor comprising;
(a) a substrate; and
(b) at least two electrically conductive electrodes fabricated on the substrate by integrated circuit technology, each of the electrical conductive electrodes consisting of a single layer of an electrically conductive material;
containing the sample reagent in contact with the conducting electrodes;
measuring a electrical signal output from the microfabricated electrochemical biosensor; and
determining from the signal output the presence and/or quantity of the target analyte in the sample reagent.
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Abstract
A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and integrated circuit (IC) based biosensor capable of sensing or detecting various ionic molecules and macromelecules (DNA, RNA or protein). The MEMS based biosensor may utilize a hybridization and enzyme amplification scheme and an electrochemical detection scheme for sensitivity improvement and system miniaturization. The biosensor or biosensors are incorporated on a single substrate. Preferably, the biosensor system comprises at least two electrodes. The electrodes may comprise a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter (auxiliary) electrode. The biosensor or biosensors also provide an apparatus and method for confinement of reagent and/or solution in the biosensor or biosensors using surface tension at small scale. The confinement system provides controlled contacts between the reagent(s) and/or solution(s) with the components (i.e., electrodes) of the biosensor or biosensors using controllable surface properties and surface tension forces. The confinement system allows for incorporation of the biosensor or biosensors into a portable or handheld device and is immune to shaking and/or flipping. The invention also provide for a biosensor and/or sensors that are integrated with integrated circuit (IC) technologies. Preferably, the entire sensor system or systems are fabricated on a single IC substrate or chip and no external component and/or instrument is required for a complete detection system or systems. Preferably, the sensor system or systems are fabricated using the IC process and on a silicon substrate.
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Citations
50 Claims
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1. A method of detecting the presence or measuring the quantity of a target analyte in a sample reagent comprising the steps of:
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contacting a microfabricated electrochemical biosensor with the sample reagent, the microfabricated electrochemical biosensor comprising;
(a) a substrate; and
(b) at least two electrically conductive electrodes fabricated on the substrate by integrated circuit technology, each of the electrical conductive electrodes consisting of a single layer of an electrically conductive material;
containing the sample reagent in contact with the conducting electrodes;
measuring a electrical signal output from the microfabricated electrochemical biosensor; and
determining from the signal output the presence and/or quantity of the target analyte in the sample reagent. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A method of detecting the presence or measuring the quantity of at least one molecule in a sample reagent comprising the steps of:
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contacting a microfabricated electrochemical biosensor with the sample reagent, the microfabricated electrochemical biosensor comprising;
(a) a silicon substrate; and
(b) three electrically conductive electrodes fabricated on the substrate by integrated circuit technology, each of the electrically conductive electrodes consisting of a single layer of gold;
containing the sample reagent in contact with the conducting electrodes;
measuring a signal output from the microfabricated electrochemical biosensor; and
determining from the signal output the presence and/or quantity of the molecules in the sample reagent.
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22. A microfabricated electrochemical biosensor comprising:
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a silicon substrate; and
three electrical conductive electrodes for redox sensing fabricated on the substrate by integrated circuit technology, each of the electrical conductive electrodes consisting of a single layer of gold. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
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23. A method of detection of a target analyte comprising the steps of:
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providing a biosensor and at least one reagent, the biosensor comprising;
(a) a first area having a first surface property for immobilizing the target analyte contained in the reagent; and
(b) a second area having a second surface property different from the first surface property so that a sample of the reagent can be confined due to surface tension forces between the first area and the second area, the second area comprising components for detection of the target analyte;
applying a volume of reagent to the biosensor, wherein the coverage of the reagent over the biosensor is controlled by the volume of the reagent and the surface tension forces; and
detecting a presence and/or measuring a quantity of the target analyte by the biosensor.
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34. A device for detecting a redox event of at least one analyte in a liquid reagent comprising:
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a redox sensor fabricated on a semiconductor by using at least one of integrated circuit (IC) and micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, the redox sensor includes at least two electrically conductive electrodes for signal output and bias control;
an isolation layer between the electrodes and the semiconductor;
an integrated circuit (IC) on the semiconductor and underneath the isolation layer, the integrated circuit comprising a detection circuit and a bias potential circuit for providing a bias potential to the detection circuit; and
wherein the isolation layer has a electrically conductive contact portion for electrically connecting the electrodes with the integrated circuit (IC).
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41. A device for detecting a redox event of at least one analyte in a liquid reagent comprising:
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a redox sensor on a semiconductor, the redox sensor comprising a reference electrode, a working electrode and a counter electrode;
an isolation layer between the redox sensor and the semiconductor;
an integrated circuit (IC) on the semiconductor and underneath the isolation layer, the integrated circuit comprising a detection circuit and a bias potential circuit for providing a bias potential to the detection circuit; and
wherein the isolation layer has a electrically conductive contact portion for electrically connecting the electrodes with the integrated circuit (IC). - View Dependent Claims (42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)
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Specification