Method for simultaneous identification of differentially expressed mRNAs and measurement of relative concentrations
First Claim
1. A method for simultaneous sequence-specific identification of mRNAs in a mRNA population comprising the steps of:
- (a) preparing double-stranded cDNAs from a mRNA population using a mixture of 12 anchor primers, the anchor primers each including;
(i) a tract of from 7 to 40 T residues;
(ii) a site for cleavage by a restriction endonuclease that recognizes more than six bases, the site for cleavage being located to the 5′
-side of the tract of T residues;
(iii) a stuffer segment of from 4 to 40 nucleotides, the stuffer segment being located to the 5′
-side of the site for cleavage by the restriction endonuclease; and
(iv) phasing residues —
V—
N located at the 3′
end of each of the anchor primers, wherein V is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, and G; and
N is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, G, and T, the mixture including anchor primers containing all possibilities for V and N;
(b) producing cloned inserts from a suitable host cell that has been transformed by a vector, the vector having the cDNA sample that has been cleaved with a first restriction endonuclease and a second restriction endonuclease inserted therein, the cleaved cDNA sample being inserted in the vector in an orientation that is antisense with respect to a bacteriophage-specific promoter within the vector, the first restriction endonuclease recognizing a four-nucleotide sequence and the second restriction endonuclease cleaving at a single site within each member of the mixture of anchor primers;
(c) generating linearized fragments of the cloned inserts by digestion with at least one restriction endonuclease that is different from the first and second restriction endonucleases;
(d) generating a cRNA preparation of antisense cRNA transcripts by incubation of the linearized fragments with a bacteriophage-specific RNA polymerase capable of initiating transcription from the bacteriophage-specific promoter;
(e) dividing the cRNA preparation into sixteen subpools and transcribing first-strand cDNA from each subpool, using a thermostable reverse transcriptase and one of sixteen primers whose 3′
-terminus is —
N—
N, wherein N is one of the four deoxyribonucleotides A, C, G, or T, the primer being at least 15 nucleotides in length, corresponding in sequence to the 3′
-end of the bacteriophage-specific promoter, and extending across into at least the first two nucleotides of the cRNA, the mixture including all possibilities for the 3′
-terminal two nucleotides;
(f) using the product of transcription in each of the sixteen subpools as a template for a polymerase chain reaction with a 3′
-primer that corresponds in sequence to a sequence in the vector adjoining the site of insertion of the cDNA sample in the vector and a 5′
-primer selected from the group consisting of;
(i) the primer from which first-strand cDNA was made for that subpool;
(ii) the primer from which the first-strand cDNA was made for that subpool extended at its 3′
-terminus by an additional residue —
N, where N can be any of A, C, G, or T; and
(iii) the primer used for the synthesis of first-strand cDNA for that subpool extended at its 3′
-terminus by two additional residues —
N—
N, wherein N can be any of A, C, G, or T, to produce polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments; and
(g) resolving the polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments by electrophoresis to display bands representing the 3′
-ends of mRNAs present in the sample.
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Abstract
An improved method for the simultaneous sequence-specific identification of mRNAs in a mRNA population allows the visualization of nearly every mRNA expressed by a tissue as a distinct band on a gel whose intensity corresponds roughly to the concentration of the mRNA. In general, the method comprises the formation of cDNA using anchor primers to fix a 3′-endpoint, producing cloned inserts from the cDNA in a vector containing a bacteriophage-specific promoter for subsequent RNA synthesis, generating linearized fragments of the cloned inserts, preparing cRNA, transcribing cDNA from the cRNA using a set of primers, and performing PCR using a 3′-primer whose sequence is derived from the vector and a set of 5′-primers that is derived from the primers used for transcription of cDNA from cRNA. The method can identify changes in expression of mRNA associated with the administration of drugs or with physiological or pathological conditions.
7 Citations
37 Claims
-
1. A method for simultaneous sequence-specific identification of mRNAs in a mRNA population comprising the steps of:
-
(a) preparing double-stranded cDNAs from a mRNA population using a mixture of 12 anchor primers, the anchor primers each including;
(i) a tract of from 7 to 40 T residues;
(ii) a site for cleavage by a restriction endonuclease that recognizes more than six bases, the site for cleavage being located to the 5′
-side of the tract of T residues;
(iii) a stuffer segment of from 4 to 40 nucleotides, the stuffer segment being located to the 5′
-side of the site for cleavage by the restriction endonuclease; and
(iv) phasing residues —
V—
N located at the 3′
end of each of the anchor primers, wherein V is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, and G; and
N is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, G, and T, the mixture including anchor primers containing all possibilities for V and N;
(b) producing cloned inserts from a suitable host cell that has been transformed by a vector, the vector having the cDNA sample that has been cleaved with a first restriction endonuclease and a second restriction endonuclease inserted therein, the cleaved cDNA sample being inserted in the vector in an orientation that is antisense with respect to a bacteriophage-specific promoter within the vector, the first restriction endonuclease recognizing a four-nucleotide sequence and the second restriction endonuclease cleaving at a single site within each member of the mixture of anchor primers;
(c) generating linearized fragments of the cloned inserts by digestion with at least one restriction endonuclease that is different from the first and second restriction endonucleases;
(d) generating a cRNA preparation of antisense cRNA transcripts by incubation of the linearized fragments with a bacteriophage-specific RNA polymerase capable of initiating transcription from the bacteriophage-specific promoter;
(e) dividing the cRNA preparation into sixteen subpools and transcribing first-strand cDNA from each subpool, using a thermostable reverse transcriptase and one of sixteen primers whose 3′
-terminus is —
N—
N, wherein N is one of the four deoxyribonucleotides A, C, G, or T, the primer being at least 15 nucleotides in length, corresponding in sequence to the 3′
-end of the bacteriophage-specific promoter, and extending across into at least the first two nucleotides of the cRNA, the mixture including all possibilities for the 3′
-terminal two nucleotides;
(f) using the product of transcription in each of the sixteen subpools as a template for a polymerase chain reaction with a 3′
-primer that corresponds in sequence to a sequence in the vector adjoining the site of insertion of the cDNA sample in the vector and a 5′
-primer selected from the group consisting of;
(i) the primer from which first-strand cDNA was made for that subpool;
(ii) the primer from which the first-strand cDNA was made for that subpool extended at its 3′
-terminus by an additional residue —
N, where N can be any of A, C, G, or T; and
(iii) the primer used for the synthesis of first-strand cDNA for that subpool extended at its 3′
-terminus by two additional residues —
N—
N, wherein N can be any of A, C, G, or T, to produce polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments; and
(g) resolving the polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments by electrophoresis to display bands representing the 3′
-ends of mRNAs present in the sample. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
-
-
21. A method for simultaneous sequence-specific identification of mRNAs in a mRNA population comprising the steps of:
-
(a) isolating a mRNA population;
(b) preparing double-stranded cDNAs from the mRNA population using a mixture of 12 anchor primers with the sequence A-A-C-T-G-G-A-A-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C-G-G-C-C-G-C-A-G-G-A-A-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-V-N (SEQ ID NO;
2), wherein V is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, and G; and
N is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, G, and T, the mixture including anchor primers containing all possibilities for V and N, to produce a cDNA sample;
(c) cleaving the cDNA sample with two restriction endonucleases, a first restriction endonuclease MspI and a second restriction endonuclease NotI;
(d) inserting the cDNA sample cleaved with the first and second restriction endonucleases into a vector, the cleaved cDNA being inserted in an orientation that is antisense with respect to a T3 promoter within the vector, the vector being the plasmid pBC SK+ cleaved with ClaI and NotI;
(e) transforming Escherichia coli with the vector into which the cleaved cDNA has been inserted to produce cloned inserts;
(f) generating linearized fragments of the cloned inserts by digestion with at least one restriction endonuclease that is different from the first and second restriction endonucleases;
(g) generating a cRNA preparation of antisense cRNA transcripts by incubation of the linearized fragments with a T3 RNA polymerase capable of initiating transcription from the T3-specific promoter;
(h) dividing the cRNA preparation into sixteen subpools and transcribing first-strand cDNA from each subpool, using a thermostable reverse transcriptase, and one of the sixteen primers A-G-G-T-C-G-A-C-G-G-T-A-T-C-G-G-N-N (SEQ ID NO;
3), wherein N is one of the four deoxyribonucleotides A, C, G, or T, the mixture including all possibilities for the 3′
-terminal two nucleotides;
(i) using the product of transcription in each of the sixteen subpools as a template for a polymerase chain reaction with the 3′
-primer G-A-A-C-A-A-A-A-G-C-T-G-G-A-G-C-T-C-C-A-C-C-G-C (SEQ ID NO;
4), and a 5′
-primer selected from the group consisting of;
(1) the primer from which first-strand cDNA was made for that subpool;
(2) the primer from which the first-strand cDNA was made for that subpool extended at its 3′
-terminus by an additional residue —
N, where N can be any of A, C, G, or T; and
(3) the primer used for the synthesis of first-strand cDNA for that subpool extended at its 3′
-terminus by two additional residues —
N—
N, wherein N can be any of A, C, G, or T, to produce polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments; and
(j) resolving the polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments by electrophoresis to display bands representing the 3′
-ends of mRNAs present in the sample.
-
-
22. A method of simultaneous sequence-specific identification of mRNAs corresponding to members of an antisense cRNA pool representing the 3′
- -ends of a population of mRNAs, the antisense cRNAs that are members of the antisense cRNA pool being terminated at their 5′
-end with a primer sequence corresponding to a bacteriophage-specific vector and at their 3′
-end with a sequence corresponding in sequence to a sequence of the vector, the method comprising;
(a) dividing the members of the antisense cRNA pool into sixteen subpools and transcribing first-strand cDNA from each subpool, using a thermostable reverse transcriptase and one of sixteen primers whose 3′
-terminus is -N-N, wherein N is one of the four deoxyribonucleotides A, C, G, or T, the primer being at least 15 nucleotides in length, corresponding in sequence to the 3′
-end of the bacteriophage-specific promoter, and extending across into at least the first two nucleotides of the cRNA, the mixture including all possibilities for the 3′
-terminal two nucleotides;
(b) using the product of transcription in each of the sixteen subpools as a template for a polymerase chain reaction with a 3′
-primer that corresponds in sequence to a sequence vector adjoining the site of insertion of the cDNA sample in the vector and a 5′
-primer selected from the group consisting of;
(i) the primer from which first-strand cDNA was made for that subpool;
(ii) the primer from which the first-strand cDNA was made for that subpool extended at its 3′
-terminus by an additional residue —
N, where N can be any of A, C, G, or T; and
(iii) the primer used for the synthesis of first-strand cDNA for that subpool extended at its 3′
-terminus by two additional residues —
N—
N, wherein N can be any of A, C, G, or T, to produce polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments; and
(c) resolving the polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments by electrophoresis to display bands representing the 3′
-ends of mRNAs present in the sample. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
- -ends of a population of mRNAs, the antisense cRNAs that are members of the antisense cRNA pool being terminated at their 5′
-
33. A panel of primers comprising 16 primers of the sequence A-G-G-T-C-G-A-C-G-G-T-A-T-C-G-G-N-N (SEQ ID NO:
- 3), wherein N is one of the four deoxyribonucleotides A, C, G, or T.
-
34. A panel of primers comprising 64 primers of the sequences A-G-G-T-C-G-A-C-G-G-T-A-T-C-G-G-N-N-N (SEQ ID NO:
- 5), wherein N is one of the four deoxyribonucleotides A, C, G, or T.
-
35. A panel of primers comprising 256 primers of the sequences A-G-G-T-C-G-A-C-G-G-T-A-T-C-G-G-N-N-N-N (SEQ ID NO:
- 6), wherein N is one of the four deoxyribonucleotides A, C, G, or T.
-
36. A panel of primers comprising 12 primers of the sequences A-A-C-T-G-G-A-A-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C-G-C-C-G-C-A-G-G-A-A-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-V-N (SEQ ID NO:
- 2), wherein V is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, and G; and
N is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, G, and T.
- 2), wherein V is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, and G; and
-
37. A degenerate mixture of primers comprising a mixture of 12 primers of the sequences A-A-C-T-G-G-A-A-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C-G-G-C-C-G-C-A-G-G-A-A-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-V-N (SEQ ID No:
- 2), wherein V is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, and G; and
N is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, G, and T, each of the 12 primers being present in about an equimolar quantity.
- 2), wherein V is a deoxyribonucleotide selected from the group consisting of A, C, and G; and
Specification