Controlled diffusion coefficient electrochromic materials for use in electrochromic mediums and associated electrochromic devices
First Claim
Patent Images
1. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
- at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a diffusion coefficient less than approximately 8.00×
10−
6 cm2/s in propylene carbonate at approximately 25 degrees centigrade; and
wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a diffusion coefficient controlling moiety which is non-redox active during normal operation of an associated electrochromic device.
1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device comprising: at least one solvent; an anodic electroactive material; a cathodic electroactive material; wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is associated with a diffusion coefficient controlling moiety which serves to lower the diffusion coefficient of the associated material relative to the same without the diffusion coefficient controlling moiety.
-
Citations
45 Claims
-
1. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a diffusion coefficient less than approximately 8.00×
10−
6 cm2/s in propylene carbonate at approximately 25 degrees centigrade; and
wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a diffusion coefficient controlling moiety which is non-redox active during normal operation of an associated electrochromic device. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
-
-
8. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and
wherein the anodic electroactive material is represented by at least one of the formulae;
wherein X1-X42 are the same or different and comprise a single bond, N, O, S or Se;
wherein m is an integer ranging from 1 to approximately 3;
wherein n is an integer ranging from 0 to approximately 10;
wherein Z1A-E are the same or different and comprise —
[CH═
CH]s—
, —
[C≡
C]s—
, —
N═
N—
, or p-phenyl;
wherein s is an integer ranging from 0 to approximately 4;
wherein Z2 comprises ═
CH—
[Z1A]t—
CH═
, or ═
N—
[Z1A]t—
N═
;
wherein t is an integer ranging from 0 to approximately 4;
wherein R1-R170 are the same or different and comprise a lone electron pair, H, a halogen, a straight or branched alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, or alkoxy group containing 1 to approximately 50 carbon atom(s), wherein the carbon atoms may be a linking group to, or part of, one or more functional groups comprising alcohols;
thiols;
thioethers;
nitriles;
nitro constituents;
sulfoxides;
sulfonates;
phosphonium constituents;
phosphonates;
phosphonites;
ammonium constituents;
carbonyls, including carbonates, carbamates;
ketones;
esters; and
amides;
ethers, including polyethers;
amines, including tertiary amines; and
mixtures thereof, andwherein at least one of R1-R10 of A1, R 11-R24 of A2, R25-R36 of A3, R37-R44 of A4, R45-R56 of A5, R57-R68 of A6, R69-R80 of A7, R81,-R88 of A8, R89-R92 of A9, R93-R103 of A10, R104-R112 of A11, R113-R123 of A12, R124-R134 of A13, R135-R152 of A14, and R153-R170 of A15 comprises a diffusion coefficient controlling moiety which cooperatively interacts with the at least one solvent. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
-
-
19. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and
wherein the anodic electroactive material includes;
a first moiety; and
a diffusion coefficient controlling moiety, wherein the diffusion coefficient controlling moiety comprises at least one constituent which serves to decrease the diffusion coefficient of the first moiety in the at least one solvent relative to the first moiety without the diffusion coefficient controlling moiety.
-
-
23. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises a diffusion coefficient less than approximately 3.00×
10−
6 in propylene carbonate at approximately 25 degrees centigrade; and
wherein the cathodic electroactive material is represented by at least one of the formulae;
wherein R1-R49 are the same or different and comprise H, a halogen, a straight or branched alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, or alkoxy group containing 1 to approximately 50 carbon atom(s), wherein the carbon atoms may be a linking group to, or part of, one or more functional groups comprising alcohols;
thiols;
thioethers;
nitriles;
nitro constituents;
sulfoxides;
sulfonates;
phosphonium constituents;
phosphonates;
phosphonites;
ammonium constituents;
carbonyls, including carbonates, carbamates;
ketones;
esters; and
amides;
ethers, including polyethers;
amines, including tertiary amines; and
mixtures thereof; and
wherein R1-R49 are non-redox active during normal operation of an associated electrochromic device.
-
-
30. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and
wherein the cathodic electroactive material is represented by at least one of the formulae;
wherein R1-R49 are the same or different and comprise H, a halogen, a straight or branched alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, or alkoxy group containing 1 to approximately 50 carbon atom(s), wherein the carbon atoms may be a linking group to, or part of, one or more functional groups comprising alcohols;
thiols;
thioethers;
nitriles;
nitro constituents;
sulfoxides;
sulfonates;
phosphonium constituents;
phosphonates;
phosphonites;
ammonium constituents;
carbonyls, including carbonates, carbamates;
ketones;
esters; and
amides;
ethers, including polyethers;
amines, including tertiary amines; and
mixtures thereof;
wherein R1R49 are non-redox active during operation of an associated electrochromic device; and
wherein at least one R1-R10 of C1, R11-R29 of C2, R30-R39 of C3, R40-R43 of C4, and R44-R49 of C5 comprises a diffusion coefficient controlling moiety which cooperatively interacts with the at least one solvent. - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37)
-
-
38. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and
wherein the cathodic electroactive material includes;
a first moiety; and
a diffusion coefficient controlling moiety, wherein the diffusion coefficient controlling moiety comprises at least one constituent which serves to decrease the diffusion coefficient of the first moiety in the at least one solvent relative to the first moiety without the diffusion coefficient controlling moiety.
-
-
39. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and
wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive material includes;
a first moiety; and
a diffusion coefficient controlling moiety, wherein the diffusion coefficient controlling moiety comprises at least one constituent which serves to decrease the diffusion coefficient of the first moiety in the at least one solvent relative to the first moiety without the diffusion coefficient controlling moiety.
-
-
40. An electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; and
an electrochromic medium which comprises;
at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electro active material;
wherein at least one of the anodic and electro active materials is electrochromic; and
wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials comprises a diffusion coefficient controlling moiety which enables the electrochromic device to operate at a lower current relative to an electrochromic device without the at least one anodic and cathodic electroactive material which comprises the diffusion coefficient controlling moiety.
-
-
41. An electrochromic device, comprising:
-
a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith;
a second substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; and
an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which comprises;
at least one solvent;
an anodic electroactive material;
a cathodic electroactive material;
wherein the anodic electroactive material is represented by at least one of the formulae;
wherein X1-X42 are the same or different and comprise a single bond, N, O, S or Se;
wherein m is an integer ranging from 1 to approximately 3;
wherein n is an integer ranging from 0 to approximately 10;
wherein Z1A-E are the same or different and comprise —
[CH═
CH]s—
, —
[C≡
C]s—
, —
N═
N—
, or p-phenyl;
wherein s is an integer ranging from 0 to approximately 4;
wherein Z2 comprises ═
CH—
[Z1A]t—
CH═
, or ═
N—
[Z1A]t—
N═
;
wherein t is an integer ranging from 0 to approximately 4;
wherein R1-R170 of A1-A15 are the same or different and comprise a lone electron pair, H, a halogen, a straight or branched alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, or alkoxy group containing approximately 1 to approximately 50 carbon atom(s), wherein the carbon atoms may be a linking group to, or part of, one or more functional groups comprising alcohols;
thiols;
thioethers;
nitriles;
nitro constituents;
sulfoxides;
sulfonates;
phosphonium constituents;
phosphonates;
phosphonites;
ammonium constituents;
carbonyls, including carbonates, carbamates;
ketones;
esters; and
amides;
ethers, including polyethers;
amines, including tertiary amines; and
mixtures thereof;
wherein R1-R170 of A1-A15 are non-redox active during normal operation of an associated electrochromic device;
wherein at least one of R1-R10 of A1, R11-R24 of A2, R25-R36 of A3, R37-R44 of A4, R45-R56 of A5, R57-R68 of A6, R69-R80 of A7, R81-R88 of A8, R89-R92 of A9, R93-R103 of A10, R104-R112 of A11, R113-R123 of A12, R124-R134 of A13, R135-R152 of A14, and R153-R170 of A15 comprises a diffusion coefficient controlling moiety which cooperatively interacts with the at least one solvent; and
/or wherein the cathodic electroactive material is represented by at least one of the formulae;
wherein R1-R49 of C1-C5 are the same or different and comprise H, a halogen, a straight or branched alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, or alkoxy group containing 1 to approximately 50 carbon atom(s), wherein the carbon atoms may be a linking group to, or part of, one or more functional groups comprising alcohols;
thiols;
thioethers;
nitriles;
nitro constituents;
sulfoxides;
sulfonates;
phosphonium constituents;
phosphonates;
phosphonites;
ammonium constituents;
carbonyls, including carbonates, carbamates;
ketones;
esters; and
amides;
ethers, including polyethers;
amines, including tertiary amines; and
mixtures thereof; and
wherein R1-R49 of C1-C5 are non-redox active during normal operation of an associated electrochromic device. - View Dependent Claims (42, 43, 44, 45)
-
Specification