Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system

• US 20020143258A1
• Filed: 02/19/2002
• Published: 10/03/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 02/20/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Biophan Technologies Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Biophan Technologies Incorporated
• Inventors: MacDonald, Stuart G., Connelly, Patrick R., Miller, Victor, Weiner, Michael L., Helfer, Jeffrey L.
• Granted Patent: US 6,845,266 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 600/476
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/056 Transvascular endocardial electrode systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/086 Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] compatible leads
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3718 Monitoring of or protection against external electromagnetic fields or currents
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37512 Pacemakers
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/285 Invasive instruments, e.g. catheters or biopsy needles, specially adapted for tracking, guiding or visualization by NMR
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/288 Provisions within MR facilities for enhancing safety during MR, e.g. reduction of the specific absorption rate [SAR], detection of ferromagnetic objects in the scanner room

Abstract

An electromagnetic immune tissue invasive system includes a primary device housing. The primary device housing having a control circuit therein. A shielding is formed around the primary device housing to shield the primary device housing and any circuits therein from electromagnetic interference. A lead system transmits and receives signals between the primary device housing. The lead system is either a fiber optic system or an electrically shielded electrical lead system.

Claims

1. A tissue invasive photonic system, comprising:

a photonic lead having a proximal end and a distal end;

a light source, in the proximal end of said photonic lead, to produce a first light having a first wavelength and a second light having a second wavelength;

a wave-guide between the proximal end and distal end of said photonic lead;

a radiation scattering medium at the distal end of the photonic lead to receive radiation from said wave-guide;

a plurality of power sensors to receive scattered radiation from said radiation scattering medium and convert the received scattered radiation into electrical energy;

a bio-sensor, in the distal end of said photonic lead, to sense characteristics of a predetermined tissue region; and

a distal emitter, in the distal end of said photonic lead and responsive to said bio-sensor, to emit a second light having a second wavelength to proximal end of said photonic lead such that a characteristic of the second light is modulated to encode the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

2. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said power sensors are alternately mounted circumferentially along a periphery of said radiation scattering medium.

3. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said power sensors are electrically connected in series.

4. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said radiation scattering medium has a decreasing radiation transmission rate along an axis of said radiation scattering medium.

5. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 4, wherein said power sensors are electrically connected in series with consecutive sensors in an electrical circuit placed further along the axial direction of said radiation scattering medium.

6. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said power sensors vary in size along an axis of said radiation scattering medium.

7. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 6, wherein said power sensors increase in size along the axis of said radiation scattering medium towards a distal end of said radiation scattering medium.

8. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

a proximal sensor, in the proximal end of said photonic lead, to convert the modulated second light into electrical energy.

9. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:

a transmitter, in the proximal end of said photonic lead and operatively connected to said proximal sensor, to transmit, in response the electrical energy from the converted modulated second light, information representing the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

10. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said distal emitter modulating the second light to create pulses of light having equal intensity and periods of no light, the periods of no light differing in time in response to the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

11. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said distal emitter modulating the second light to create light having differing intensities over a period of time.

12. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a beam splitter to direct the second light to said wave-guide and to direct said first light to said plurality of power sensors.

13. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said distal emitter is a transparent distal emitter transparent to the first light and producing the second light having the second wavelength.

14. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 13, wherein said transparent distal emitter modulating the second light to create pulses of light having equal intensity and periods of no light, the periods of no light differing in time in response to the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

15. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 13, wherein said transparent distal emitter modulating the second light to create light having differing intensities over a period of time.

16. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 13, wherein said transparent distal emitter is an organic light emitting diode.

18. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 17, wherein said power sensors are electrically connected in series.

19. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 17, wherein said power beam splitters have decreasing radiation transmission rates along an axis of said second wave-guide.

20. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 17, further comprising:

a proximal sensor, in the proximal end of said photonic lead, to convert the modulated second light into electrical energy.

21. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 17, further comprising:

a transmitter, in the proximal end of said photonic lead and operatively connected to said proximal sensor, to transmit, in response the electrical energy from the converted modulated second light, information representing the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

22. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 17, wherein said distal emitter modulating the second light to create pulses of light having equal intensity and periods of no light, the periods of no light differing in time in response to the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

23. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 17, wherein said distal emitter modulating the second light to create light having differing intensities over a period of time.

24. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 17, further comprising a beam splitter to direct the second light to said wave-guide and to direct said first light to said plurality of power sensors.

25. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 17, wherein said distal emitter is a transparent distal emitter transparent to the first light and producing the second light having the second wavelength.

26. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 25, wherein said transparent distal emitter modulating the second light to create pulses of light having equal intensity and periods of no light, the periods of no light differing in time in response to the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

27. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 25, wherein said transparent distal emitter modulating the second light to create light having differing intensities over a period of time.

28. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 25, wherein said transparent distal emitter is an organic light emitting diode.

30. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 29, wherein said power sensors are electrically connected in series.

31. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 29, wherein said power sensors are stacked.

32. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 31, wherein radiation captured is increased with increasing distance into the sensor stack.

33. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 29, wherein said power sensors are concentric.

34. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 33, further comprising a reflective grating to disperse radiation uniformly over a surface of said concentric sensors.

35. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 29, further comprising:

a proximal sensor, in the proximal end of said photonic lead, to convert the modulated second light into electrical energy.

36. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 35, further comprising:

a transmitter, in the proximal end of said photonic lead and operatively connected to said proximal sensor, to transmit, in response the electrical energy from the converted modulated second light, information representing the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

37. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 29, wherein said distal emitter modulating the second light to create pulses of light having equal intensity and periods of no light, the periods of no light differing in time in response to the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

38. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 29, wherein said distal emitter modulating the second light to create light having differing intensities over a period of time.

39. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 29, further comprising a beam splitter to direct the second light to said wave-guide and to direct said first light to said plurality of power sensors.

40. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 29, wherein said distal emitter is a transparent distal emitter transparent to the first light and producing the second light having the second wavelength.

41. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 40, wherein said transparent distal emitter modulating the second light to create pulses of light having equal intensity and periods of no light, the periods of no light differing in time in response to the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

42. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 40, wherein said transparent distal emitter modulating the second light to create light having differing intensities over a period of time.

43. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 40, wherein said transparent distal emitter is an organic light emitting diode.

17. A tissue invasive photonic system, comprising:

a photonic lead having a proximal end and a distal end;

a light source, in the proximal end of said photonic lead, to produce a first light having a first wavelength and a second light having a second wavelength;

a first wave-guide between the proximal end and distal end of said photonic lead;

a second wave-guide, having a plurality of power beam splitters therein at the distal end of the photonic lead to receive and reflect the first light from said first wave-guide;

a plurality of power sensors to receive the first light from said power beam splitters in said second wave-guide and convert the received first light into electrical energy;

a bio-sensor, in the distal end of said photonic lead, to sense characteristics of a predetermined tissue region; and

a distal emitter, in the distal end of said photonic lead and responsive to said bio-sensor, to emit a second light having a second wavelength to proximal end of said photonic lead such that a characteristic of the second light is modulated to encode the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

29. An tissue invasive photonic system, comprising:

a photonic lead having a proximal end and a distal end;

a light source, in the proximal end of said photonic lead, to produce a first light having a first wavelength and a second light having a second wavelength;

a wave-guide between the proximal end and distal end of said photonic lead;

a plurality of power sensors to receive the first light from said wave-guide and convert the received first light into electrical energy, each power sensor absorbing a fraction of the received first light;

a bio-sensor, in the distal end of said photonic lead, to sense characteristics of a predetermined tissue region; and

a distal emitter, in the distal end of said photonic lead and responsive to said bio-sensor, to emit a second light having a second wavelength to proximal end of said photonic lead such that a characteristic of the second light is modulated to encode the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

44. An tissue invasive photonic system, comprising:

a photonic lead having a proximal end and a distal end;

a light source, in the proximal end of said photonic lead, to produce a first light having a first wavelength and a second light having a second wavelength;

a wave-guide between the proximal end and distal end of said photonic lead;

a bio-sensor, in the distal end of said photonic lead, to sense characteristics of a predetermined tissue region;

a distal emitter, in the distal end of said photonic lead and responsive to said bio-sensor, to emit a second light having a second wavelength to proximal end of said photonic lead such that a characteristic of the second light is modulated to encode the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region;

a power sensor to receive the first light from said wave-guide and convert the received first light into electrical energy; and

a plurality of switchable capacitors operatively connected to an output of said power sensor.

45. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 44, further comprising a control circuit operatively connected between said power sensor and said plurality of switchable capacitors to control charging, switching, and discharging of said capacitors.

46. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 44, wherein said control circuit switching said plurality of switchable capacitors into a series electrical circuit so that the voltage output of each capacitor is additive.

47. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said control circuit switching said plurality of switchable capacitors into a parallel electrical circuit to enable simultaneous charging of said capacitors.

48. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 44, wherein each switchable capacitor has a variable capacitance.

49. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said control circuit switching said plurality of switchable capacitors to enable sequential charging of said capacitors with a predetermined pulse intensity and duration.

50. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 44, further comprising:

a proximal sensor, in the proximal end of said photonic lead, to convert the modulated second light into electrical energy.

51. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 50, further comprising:

a transmitter, in the proximal end of said photonic lead and operatively connected to said proximal sensor, to transmit, in response the electrical energy from the converted modulated second light, information representing the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

52. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 44, wherein said distal emitter modulating the second light to create pulses of light having equal intensity and periods of no light, the periods of no light differing in time in response to the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

53. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 44, wherein said distal emitter modulating the second light to create light having differing intensities over a period of time.

54. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 44, further comprising a beam splitter to direct the second light to said wave-guide and to direct said first light to said plurality of power sensors.

55. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 44, wherein said distal emitter is a transparent distal emitter transparent to the first light and producing the second light having the second wavelength.

56. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 55, wherein said transparent distal emitter modulating the second light to create pulses of light having equal intensity and periods of no light, the periods of no light differing in time in response to the sensed characteristics of the predetermined tissue region.

57. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 55, wherein said transparent distal emitter modulating the second light to create light having differing intensities over a period of time.

58. The tissue invasive photonic system as claimed in claim 55, wherein said transparent distal emitter is an organic light emitting diode.