Autonomous sensor system for remote sensing and signal transmission
First Claim
1. An autonomous sensor system for an operating environment, comprising:
- (a) a thermoelectric module selected to generate electricity from thermal energy in the operating environment;
(b) a sensor for generating a sensor signal; and
(c) a transmitter connected to the thermoelectric module and the sensor for receiving the sensor signal and transmitting a wireless corresponding signal.
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Abstract
An autonomous sensor system is provided for powering sensors using thermoelectric modules driven by thermal energy. The system includes solid-state thermoelectric (TE) modules for the conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy. The TE modules are composed of p-type and n-type semiconductors that are interdigitated so that the p-type and n-type elements form thermocouples. The TE modules derive electrical power from thermal energy available in the immediate environment. The system also includes sensors that are powered by the TE module, wherein a corresponding free space signal is generated.
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Citations
28 Claims
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1. An autonomous sensor system for an operating environment, comprising:
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(a) a thermoelectric module selected to generate electricity from thermal energy in the operating environment;
(b) a sensor for generating a sensor signal; and
(c) a transmitter connected to the thermoelectric module and the sensor for receiving the sensor signal and transmitting a wireless corresponding signal. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25)
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15. A sensor system for an operating environment, comprising:
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(a) a thermoelectric module having a first side and a second side;
(b) a radiator thermally coupled to the second side to provide a sufficient temperature differential between the first side and the second side to create a voltage difference across the thermoelectric module;
(c) a sensor electrically powered by the thermoelectric module to generate a signal; and
(d) a wireless data link connected to the sensor and powered by the thermoelectric module to generate a free space transmission corresponding to the signal.
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22. A method of forming a thermoelectric module having a plurality of p-n semiconductor couples, comprising:
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(a) forming a first array of p-type semiconductor elements on a first substrate;
(b) forming a second array of n-type semiconductor elements on a second substrate; and
(c) connecting the first substrate and the second substrate to dispose the first array of p-type semiconductor elements and the second array of n-type semiconductor elements intermediate the first substrate and the second substrate.
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26. A thermoelectric module for generating a voltage difference from exposure to a temperature differential, comprising:
(a) a first array of p-type semiconductor elements thermally coupled to a second array of n-type semiconductor elements, where each p-type and each n-type semiconductor element has a height that is less than or equal to the greater of a remaining lateral dimension of the semiconductor element.
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27. A thermoelectric module for generating a voltage difference from a temperature differential, comprising a multitude of p-n semiconductor couples having a length, a width and a height dimension, each of the length, width and height dimensions being less than approximately 0.01 centimeters.
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28. A thermoelectric module for generating a voltage difference from a temperature differential, comprising a p-n semiconductor couple density greater than 1,000 p-n semiconductor couples per square centimeter.
Specification