Computer method and apparatus for creating visible graphics by using a graph algebra

• US 20020149604A1
• Filed: 04/02/2002
• Published: 10/17/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 04/21/1999
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: Leland Wilkinson
• Inventors: Wilkinson, Leland
• Granted Patent: US 7,023,453 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 345/643
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/904 Browsing; Visualisation therefor for navigating the web G06F16/954; browsing optimisation for the web G06F16/957
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2216/03 Data mining
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/00 2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/206 Drawing of charts or graphs
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/08 Volume rendering

Abstract

A computer method, apparatus and storage medium is provided for creating quantitative aesthetic graphics from data. The invention utilizes a graph algebra to construct graphs and visually or otherwise represents the graphs as a quantitative aesthetic graphic representation. To create the quantitative aesthetic graphics from data, the data is indexed to form a data set. Thereafter, the data is converted into a variable data structure composed of an index set, a range and a function. The variable data structure is converted into a variable set by using at least one of a blend step, a cross step and a nest step. The variable set is mapped into a set of points and the set of points is mapped into an aesthetic representation.

Claims

1. A method for creating with a computer quantitative aesthetic graphics from data comprising the steps of:

indexing the data to form a data set;

converting the data set into a variable data structure, where the variable data structure comprises an index set, a range, and a function;

converting the variable data structure into a variable set by using at least one of a blend step, a cross step, and a nest step;

mapping the variable set into a set of points; and

mapping the set of points into an aesthetic representation.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said indexing step comprises establishing an indexing scheme to form indices and associating the data with the indices.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of converting the data set into a variable data structure further comprises monitoring the range of each variable to detect within the data set a value that is out of range so that errors in the data set are trapped.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising, when the data set includes a value that is out of range, at least one step selected from the group consisting of assigning the value appropriately or informing the user that the value cannot be processed.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the data set is a set of finite numbers.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the data set is a set of real numbers.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the variable set comprises a range of values selected from the group consisting of numerical values and non-numerical values.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the blend step results in a union in the range of the variable data structure.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the cross step results a cartesian product in the range of the variable data structure.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the nest step results in stratifying the values of the sets.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of mapping the variable set into a set of points involves relating the variable set to the dimensions of a graphic space in which the aesthetic representation will be imbedded.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of mapping the set of points into an aesthetic representation involves mapping the set of points to strings or real numbers that serve as input to a physical display device.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the mapping the set of points comprises selecting a coordinate system from the group consisting of cartesian, rectangular, polar, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and spherical systems.

14. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of applying mathematical transformations to the variable set.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of mapping the variable set comprises representing the variable set by one representation selected from the group consisting of an interval, a point, a line, or an area.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of mapping the set of points comprises mapping the variable set to at least one graph dimension selected from the group consisting of visual and non-visual attributes.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the visual attribute is selected from the group consisting of position, size, shape, color, hue, brightness, saturation, motion, rotation, blur, transparency, texture, pattern, orientation, or granularity.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein the non-visual attribute is sound.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein said variables comprise data associated with indices.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein said variables have values selected from a group consisting of numerical and non-numerical values.

22. The method of claim 19 wherein the variables have values selected from the group of finite and real numbers.

23. The method of claim 19 wherein the at least one variable that is moved to a predetermined location has been manipulated by at least one function selected from the group consisting of blend, nest, and cross.

24. The method of claim 19 wherein the blend function results in a union in the range of the variable data structure.

25. The method of claim 19 wherein the cross function results a cartesian product in the range of the variable data structure.

26. The method of claim 19 wherein the nest function results in stratifying the values of the sets.

27. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of prompting for which operation to perform.

28. The method of claim 19 wherein the coordinate system is selected prior to moving the at least one variable to the predetermined location near the coordinate.

29. The method of claim 19 wherein the step of selecting the at least one representation for points comprises selecting at least one representation to serve as a default.

30. The method of claim 19 wherein said at least one representation for points comprises at least one representation selected from the group consisting of an interval, a point, a line, and an area.

31. The method of claim 19 wherein the step of selecting at least one coordinate systems comprises selecting said coordinate system from the group consisting of cartesian, rectangular, polar, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and spherical systems.

32. The method of claim 19 wherein the step of displaying the visible graphics comprises mapping the set of points to strings or real numbers that serve as input to a physical display device.

33. The method of claim 19 wherein the step of moving the at least one variable to a predetermined location comprises relating the at least one variable to the dimensions of a geometric space in which the aesthetic representation will be imbedded.

34. The method of claim 19 wherein moving at least one variable to a predetermined location comprises mapping the at least one variable to at least one graph dimension selected from the group consisting of visual and non-visual attributes.

35. The method of claim 34 wherein the visual attribute is selected from the group consisting of position, size, shape, color, hue, brightness, saturation, motion, rotation, blur, transparency, texture, pattern, orientation, or granularity.

36. The method of claim 34 wherein the non-visual attribute is sound.

37. The method of claim 19 further comprising selecting a layout for displaying the visible graphic.

38. The method of claim 37 wherein the layout is selected from the group consisting of row plot, trellis layout, pie chart, and a default.

40. The system of claim 39 wherein said computer instructions for converting the data set into a variable data structure further comprises monitoring the range of each variable to detect within the data set a value that is out of range so that errors in the data set are trapped.

41. The system of claim 40 wherein said computer instructions further comprise one of assigning an appropriate value to the data set and indicating that the value cannot be processed when the data set includes a value that is out of range.

42. The system of claim 40 wherein in said computer instructions, the variable data structure is a set comprising values selected from the group consisting of finite numbers and real numbers.

43. The system of claim 40 wherein in said computer instructions, the variable set comprises variables having a range selected from the group consisting of numerical and non-numerical values.

44. The system of claim 40 wherein the blend function comprises applying a blend operator to the variable data structure so as to attain a union in the range.

45. The system of claim 40 wherein the cross function comprises applying a cross operator to the variable data structure so as to attain a cartesian product in the range.

46. The system of claim 40 wherein the nest function comprises applying a nest operator to the variable data structure so as to attain stratified variable sets.

47. The system of claim 40 wherein the computer instruction for mapping the set of mathematical points into an aesthetic representation involves mapping the points in a predetermined coordinate system.

48. The system of claim 47 wherein the coordinate system is selected from the group consisting of cartesian, rectangular, polar, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and spherical systems.

49. The system of claim 40 wherein the computer instructions for mapping the set of mathematical points comprises selecting a layout for the aesthetic representation.

50. The system of claim 49 wherein the layout is selected from the group consisting of row plot, trellis layout, pie chart, or default.

51. The system of claim 40 wherein the computer instructions for mapping the set of mathematical points further comprises mapping the set to at least one dimension selected from the group consisting of visual and non-visual attributes.

52. The system of claim 51 wherein the visual attribute is selected from the group consisting of position, size, shape, color, hue, brightness, saturation, motion, rotation, blur, transparency, texture, pattern, orientation, or granularity.

53. The system of claim 51 wherein the non-visual attribute is sound.

19. A method for creating by a computer quantitative aesthetic graphics from data comprising the steps of:

a. providing a list of variables;

b. providing a list of representations for points;

c. providing a list of coordinate systems;

d. providing a list of aesthetic representations;

e. selecting at least one variable from the list of variables;

f. selecting at least one representation for points from the list of representations for points;

g. selecting at least one coordinate system from the list of coordinate systems;

h. selecting at least one aesthetic representation from the list of aesthetic representations;

i. moving the at least one variable to a predetermined location; and

j. displaying a visible graphic reflecting the at least one variable, the at least one representation for points, the at least one coordinate system, and the at least one aesthetic representation.

39. A data processing system for constructing graphs mathematically from data and aesthetically representing the graphs as graphics comprising:

a computer processor; and

a memory responsively coupled to the computer processor containing a set of computer instructions for;

(a) indexing data to form a data set;

(b) converting the data set into a variable data structure, where the variable data structure has an index set, a range and a function;

(c) converting the variable data structure into a variable set by using at least one of a blend function, a cross function, and a nest function;

(d) mapping the variable set into a set of mathematical points; and

(e) mapping the set of mathematical points into an aesthetic representation.

54. A non-volatile storage medium containing computer software encoded in a machine readable format for creating quantitative aesthetic graphics from data comprising:

a. a set of computer instructions for indexing data to form a data set;

b. a set of computer instructions for converting the data set into a variable data structure, where the variable data structure has an index set, a range and a function;

c. a set of computer instructions for converting the variable data structure into a variable set by using at least one of a blend step, a cross step and a nest step;

d. a set of computer instructions for mapping the variable set into a set of points; and

e. a set of computer instructions for mapping the set of points into an aesthetic representation.

55. The system of claim 54 wherein said instructions for converting the data set into a variable data structure further comprises monitoring the range of each variable to detect within the data set a value that is out of range so that errors in the data set are trapped.

56. The system of claim 54 wherein the index set of the variable data structure comprises variables selected from the group consisting of finite numbers and infinite numbers.

57. The system of claim 54 wherein in said computer instructions, the variable data structure has a range selected from the group consisting of numerical and non-numerical values.

58. The system of claim 54 wherein the blend step comprises applying a blend operator to the variable data structure so as to attain a union in the range of the variables.

59. The system of claim 54 wherein the cross step comprises applying a cross operator to the variable data structure so as to attain a cartesian product in the range.

60. The system of claim 54 wherein the nest step comprises applying a nest operator to the variable data structure so as to attain applying a nest operator to the variable data structure so as to attain stratified variable sets.

61. The system of claim 54 wherein the computer instructions for mapping the set of points into an aesthetic representation comprise mapping the points in a predetermined coordinate system.

62. The system of claim 57 wherein the computer instructions further comprise mapping the set of points to at least one dimension selected from the group consisting of visual and non-visual attributes.

63. The system of claim 62 wherein the visual attribute is selected from the group consisting of position, size, shape, color, hue, brightness, saturation, motion, rotation, blur, transparency, texture, pattern, orientation, or granularity.

64. The system of claim 62 wherein the non-visual attribute is sound.

65. The system of claim 54 further including a set of computer instructions for prompting for which operation to perform.

66. The system of claim 54 wherein said computer instructions define a layout for creating the aesthetic graphics.