Packaging for primary and secondary batteries

• US 20020164441A1
• Filed: 02/27/2002
• Published: 11/07/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 03/01/2001
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: University of Chicago
• Original Assignee: University of Chicago
• Inventors: Newman, Aron, Jansen, Andrew, Amine, Khalil, Vissers, Donald
• Application Number:
  US10/084,573
• Publication Number:
  US 20020164441A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 428/35.2
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 15/043 of metal B32B15/01 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 15/08 of synthetic resin
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 15/20 comprising aluminium or copper B32B15/016 and B32B15/017 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2327/06 PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2367/00 Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2379/08 Polyimides
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2439/00 Containers; Receptacles closures therefor B32B2435/00
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/281 comprising polyimides
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/304 comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/32 comprising polyolefins comprising vinyl (co)polymers or acrylic (co)polymers B32B27/30
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/36 comprising polyesters
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/117 Inorganic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/119 Metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/121 Organic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/122 Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/124 having a layered structure
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/128 with two or more layers of only inorganic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/129 with two or more layers of only organic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/133 Thickness
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/136 Flexibility or foldability
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/141 : for protecting against humidity
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12535 : with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12569 : Synthetic resin
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/1334 : Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]

Abstract

A housing for a battery comprising a laminate made of a plurality of layers is provided. The battery housing has at least a barrier layer, typically two metal foils, and a sealing layer, which is intended to be in contact with the contents of a battery. Additionally, the battery housing can further include a protective layer over the barrier layer. Suitable materials for the sealant layer and barrier layers include polymers. Preferably, the laminate battery housing is flexible, although this is not required. The sealant layer, barrier layer and protective layer may also be adhesively attached. The battery housing of the present invention can also provide moisture and acid absorbers in various configurations.

Claims

1. A laminate for use as a battery housing, comprising:

(a) a sealant layer that is capable of acting as a barrier to an electrolyte, the sealant layer having an internal surface that is substantially inert to the electrolyte and an external surface;

(b) a barrier layer comprising a first layer of metal foil and a second layer of metal foil adjacent to the first layer, the barrier layer having a first surface disposed adjacent to the external surface of the sealant layer and an external surface.

2. The laminate of claim 1, further comprising a layer of adhesive material between at least one pair of layers selected from the first and the second layers of metal foil and the sealant layer and the first layer of metal foil.

3. The laminate of claim 1 wherein the first and second layers of metal foil comprise aluminum foil.

4. The laminate of claim 1 wherein the first layer and the second layer of metal foil each have a thickness of between 6 micrometers and 120 micrometers.

5. The laminate of claim 1 wherein the sealant layer is a polymer.

6. The laminate of claim 5 wherein the sealant layer is selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyamides, polyvinylchlorides, fluoroplastics, and polyolefins.

7. The laminate of claim 5 wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), two-ply high density polyethylene/linear low density polyethylene, ethylene interpolymers, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polychloro-trifluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, nitrile resin films, nylon, rubber, and combinations thereof.

8. The laminate of claim 1, further comprising a protective layer having a surface disposed adjacent to the external surface of the moisture barrier layer.

9. The laminate of claim 8 wherein the protective layer is a polymer.

10. The laminate of claim 9 wherein the protective layer is selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyamides, polyvinylchlorides, fluoroplastics, polyacrylonitrile, and polyolefins.

11. The laminate of claim 9 wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), two-ply high density polyethylene/linear low density polyethylene, ethylene interpolymers, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polychloro-trifluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, nitrile resin films, nylon, rubber, and combinations thereof.

12. The laminate of claim 1 wherein sealant layer contains an absorbent material.

13. The laminate of claim 12 wherein the absorbent material is selected from the group consisting of molecular sieves, magnesium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silica gel, clays, activated charcoal, activated alumina, water absorbent resins, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide, and combinations thereof.

14. The laminate of claim 2 wherein the adhesive contains an absorbent material.

15. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the absorbent material is selected from the group consisting of molecular sieves, magnesium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silica gel, clays, activated charcoal, activated alumina, water absorbent resins, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide, and combinations thereof.

16. The laminate of claim 8 wherein the protective layer contains an absorbent material.

17. The laminate of claim 16 wherein the absorbent material is selected from the group consisting of molecular sieves, magnesium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silica gel, clays, activated charcoal, activated alumina, water absorbent resins, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide, and combinations thereof.

18. The laminate of claim 1, further comprising an absorbent material coated onto the internal surface of the sealant layer.

19. The laminate of claim 18 wherein the absorbent material is selected from the group consisting of molecular sieves, magnesium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silica gel, clays, activated charcoal, activated alumina, water absorbent resins, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide, and combinations thereof.

20. A laminate for use as a battery housing, comprising:

(a) a sealant layer that is capable of acting as a barrier to an electrolyte, the sealant layer having an internal surface that is substantially inert to the electrolyte and an external surface;

(b) an absorbent material pattern printed on the internal surface of the sealant layer.

21. The laminate of claim 20 wherein the absorbent material is a moisture absorbent selected from the group consisting of molecular sieves, magnesium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silica gel, activated charcoal, water absorbent resins, and combinations thereof.

22. The laminate of claim 20 wherein the absorbent material is a hydrofluoric acid absorbent selected from the group consisting of activated alumina, activated charcoal, molecular sieves, clays, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide, and combinations thereof.

23. The laminate of claim 20 wherein the sealant layer contains an absorbent material.

24. The laminate of claim 20 further comprising a barrier layer characterized by an internal surface that is disposed adjacent to the external surface of the sealant layer and an external surface.

25. The laminate of claim 24 wherein the barrier layer contains an absorbent material.

26. The laminate of claim 24, further comprising an adhesive material between the sealant layer and the barrier layer.

27. The laminate of claim 26 wherein the adhesive material contains an absorbent material.

28. The laminate of claim 24, further comprising a protective layer characterized by an internal surface that is disposed adjacent to the external surface of the barrier layer and an external surface.

29. The laminate of claim 28 wherein the protective layer contains an adhesive material.

30. The laminate of claim 28, further comprising an adhesive material between the protective layer and the barrier layer.

31. The laminate of claim 30 wherein the adhesive material contains an absorbent material.

32. A housing for a battery, comprising:

(a) a laminate comprising a sealant layer that is capable of acting as a barrier to an electrolyte, the sealant layer having an internal surface that is substantially inert to the electrolyte and an external surface, wherein the laminate is fashioned into a pouch having at least one seam that is double sealed by a first and a second sealing region such that a channel is defined between the first and the second sealing regions; and

(b) an absorbent material located within the channel defined by the first and second sealing regions of the double seal.

33. The laminate of claim 32 wherein the absorbent material is a moisture absorbent selected from the group consisting of molecular sieves, magnesium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silica gel, activated charcoal, water absorbent resins, and combinations thereof.

34. The laminate of claim 32 wherein the absorbent material is a hydrofluoric acid absorbent selected from the group consisting of activated alumina, activated charcoal, molecular sieves, clays, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide, and combinations thereof.