Open circuit potential amperometry and voltammetry
First Claim
1. A method of determining the oxidation state of a compound, said method comprising:
- disconnecting an electrode from an electrochemical cell comprising said compound to allow said cell to reach an open circuit potential (OCP);
connecting said electrochemical cell to an externally applied potential equivalent to said open circuit potential; and
detecting a resulting current if said current exists wherein the magnitude of said current is a measure of the oxidation state of said compound.
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Abstract
This invention provides approaches to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N) in electrochemical measurements (e.g. amperometry, voltammetry, etc.). In particular, a method is described wherein the faradaic current is temporally dissociated from the charging current associated with reading the charge of a redox-active species (e.g. a self-assembled monolayer (SAM)). This method, designated herein as open circuit potential amperometry (OCPA), quantitatively reads the charge of the redox species bound to (electrically coupled to) an electrode surface, while discriminating against both charging current(s) and amperometric signal(s) that arise, e.g. from diffusion-based species in solution.
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Citations
49 Claims
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1. A method of determining the oxidation state of a compound, said method comprising:
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disconnecting an electrode from an electrochemical cell comprising said compound to allow said cell to reach an open circuit potential (OCP);
connecting said electrochemical cell to an externally applied potential equivalent to said open circuit potential; and
detecting a resulting current if said current exists wherein the magnitude of said current is a measure of the oxidation state of said compound. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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18. A method of determining the oxidation state of a compound, said method comprising:
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applying a series of incrementally increasing voltage pulses to said compound in an electrochemical cell;
disconnecting an electrode from said electrochemical cell, after each pulse, to allow said cell to reach an open circuit potential (OCP);
connecting said electrochemical cell to an externally applied potential equivalent to said open circuit potential; and
detecting a resulting current if said current exists wherein the magnitude of said current is a measure of the oxidation state of said compound.
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33. A device for the detection of an oxidation state of a compound, said device comprising:
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a first electrode and a second electrode disposed to contact said compound and thereby form an electrochemical cell;
a voltage source connected to said first electrode;
a switch that allows said compound to be isolated from said voltage source and said electrochemical cell to reach an open circuit potential; and
a current transducer for measuring current produced by said electrochemical cell. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43)
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44. A molecular memory device comprising:
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a first electrode and a second electrode disposed to contact a redox-active compound comprising a porphyrinic macrocycle and thereby form an electrochemical storage cell wherein said first and second electrodes are fixed electrodes;
a voltage source connected to said first electrode;
a switch that allows said compound to be isolated from said voltage source and said storage cell to reach an open circuit potential; and
a current transducer for measuring current produced by said electrochemical cell. - View Dependent Claims (45, 46, 47, 48, 49)
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Specification