Hybrid universal broadband telecommunications using small radio cells interconnected by free-space optical links
First Claim
1. A telecommunications apparatus comprising:
- a communications switch;
a first transceiver, electrically coupled to the communications switch, for wirelessly telecommunicating externally to the apparatus in a first portion of the electromagnetic spectrum;
a second transceiver, electrically coupled to the communications switch, for wirelessly telecommunicating externally to the apparatus in a second portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is of higher frequency than is the first portion; and
a controller for causing the communications switch to first-route telecommunications traffic between the first transceiver and the second transceiver;
wherein wireless telecommunications are first-routed between a first and a second, higher frequency, portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Diverse communication terminals attach via broadband radio to a communications network at any of typically three hierarchical cell sizes increasing from, typically, a single building to a city to a region. Almost all telecommunications traffic transpires, however, within lowest-level “picocells 1” to and from low cost “base stations 11” that have typically one radio transceiver 111, four optical transceivers 112, an ATM switch 113 and an ATM controller 114. Each local “base station 11” is interconnected to a regional “end office switch 12”, where is realized connection to a worldwide wire/fiber line communications backbone 4, upon a multi-hop mesh network 100 via short highly-focused free-space broadband directional optical links 10. By this free-space wireless broadband access the need for new broadband access cabling the “last mile” to subscriber/users is totally surmounted. Subscriber service is of the order of 20 Mb/s peak rate, and 10 Mb/s average rate.
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Citations
74 Claims
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1. A telecommunications apparatus comprising:
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a communications switch;
a first transceiver, electrically coupled to the communications switch, for wirelessly telecommunicating externally to the apparatus in a first portion of the electromagnetic spectrum;
a second transceiver, electrically coupled to the communications switch, for wirelessly telecommunicating externally to the apparatus in a second portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is of higher frequency than is the first portion; and
a controller for causing the communications switch to first-route telecommunications traffic between the first transceiver and the second transceiver;
wherein wireless telecommunications are first-routed between a first and a second, higher frequency, portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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17. A telecommunications method comprising:
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first-telecommunicating a local omnidirectional first-frequency first signal by use of an omnidirectional first-frequency first wireless transceiver;
second-telecommunicating a plurality of local directional second signals of a second frequency, higher than is the first frequency, by use of an associated plurality of directional second-frequency second wireless transceivers;
converting between (i) the first signal, as is telecommunicated with the first wireless transceiver, and (i) some particular one of a second signals, as is associated with a particular second wireless transceiver, in accordance with a protocol for telecommunicating along a chosen directional path;
whilecross-communicating between the second transceivers so that all second signals directionally telecommunicated by use of any one of the second transceivers is further telecommunicated by use of another one of the second transceivers so as to advance further telecommunicate each second signal, as well as the converted first signal, along a chosen directional path in accordance with the protocol;
wherein, although both first-telecommunicating and second-telecommunicating are of local signals, the omnidirectional first-frequency first signal is immediately converted to a second-frequency directional second signal, and is then further directionally telecommunicated, while the directionally telecommunicated second-frequency signals are still further directionally telecommunicated, along the chosen directional path.
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22. A telecommunications apparatus comprising:
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a communications switch;
a broadband radio first transceiver, electrically connected to the communications switch, for wirelessly telecommunicating omnidirectinally externally to the apparatus by broadband radio in a first, radio, portion of the electromagnetic spectrum;
a second transceiver, electrically connected to the communications switch, for wirelessly telecommunicating directionally externally to the apparatus in a second portion of the electromagnetic spectrum; and
a controller for causing the communications switch to first-route telecommunications traffic between the broadband radio first transceiver and the second transceiver. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. A telecommunications method for and upon a communications mesh network of arrayed nodes, the method comprising:
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wirelessly locally radio telecommunicating to a radio transceiver at each node by radio;
wirelessly locally directionally optically free-space telecommunicating between each of a plurality of optical transceivers, co-located with each other and with the radio transceiver at each node, by a plurality of directional free-space optical signals to a plurality of nearby nodes; and
first-routing, at each node, telecommunications to and from the radio transceiver and a selected one of the plurality of optical receivers that is so selected in accordance with a protocol for telecommunicating along a chosen path upon the mesh;
whilesecond-routing, at each node, telecommunications received at one or more of the plurality of local directional optical transceivers to another one or ones of the plurality of local directional optical transceivers so to establish and maintain optical telecommunications along a path upon the mesh that is chosen in accordance with the protocol;
wherein, by the radio telecommunicating and the optical telecommunicating, and by the first-routing and the second-routing, telecommunications transpires (i) omnidirectionally at each node by radio, and (ii) directionally between nodes upon the path upon the mesh by optics. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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40. A telecommunications apparatus, called a base station, located within a multi-hop free-space optical telecommunications mesh consisting of a large number of identical base stations geographically dispersed, each base station of the mesh comprising:
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a communications switch;
a first transceiver, electrically connected to the communications switch, for wirelessly telecommunicating locally externally to the base station;
a plurality of optical transceivers, electrically connected to the communications switch, for wirelessly directionally telecommunicating externally to the base station by an associated free-space directional optical link; and
a controller for causing the communications switch to route (i) telecommunications traffic telecommunicated with the first transceiver to one of the plurality of optical transceivers, and (ii) also optical telecommunications traffic received at one directional optical transceiver to another directional optical transceiver for further free-optical optical transmission, all to the consistent purpose and end that telecommunications traffic to and from the first transceiver should be routed through a selected co-located directional optical transceiver and then through the further directional optical transceivers of whatsoever number of other base stations as are required until reaching a particular base station called an end office;
wherein radio and free-space optical communications upon the mesh support telecommunications between, on the one hand, (i) a first transceiver of a base station and, on the other hand, (ii) a particular base station called the end office. - View Dependent Claims (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 50)
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46. A communications system comprising:
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an end-office having a communications switch, a hardwired connection between the switch and a communications backbone external to the system to which communications backbone other end-offices also connect, a plurality of optical transceivers, electrically connected to the communications switch, for telecommunicating externally to the end-office optically through free space, and a controller for causing the communications switch to route communications traffic between (i) the hardwired connection to the external communications backbone and (ii) the plurality of optical transceivers; and
a multi-hop mesh of radio-telecommunicating and optically-free-space-telecommunicating base stations each having a communications switch, a plurality of optical transceivers, electrically connected to the communications switch, for wirelessly telecommunicating externally to the base station by free-space optical links, and a controller for causing the communications switch to route received optical communications traffic from a receiving to a transmitting optical transceiver to the purpose and the end that telecommunications traffic at any individual base station will be free-space optically communicated though whatsoever number of base stations is required until telecommicatively connecting to the end office and to the communications backbone;
wherein free-space optical communications upon the mesh are variably routed from one base station to another.
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48. A communications system comprising:
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an end-office having a communications switch, a hardwired connection between the switch and a communications backbone external to the system to which communications backbone other end-offices also connect, a plurality of optical transceivers, electrically connected to the communications switch, for wirelessly telecommunicating externally to the end-office optically through free space, and a controller for causing the communications switch to route communications traffic between (i) its hardwired connection to the external communications backbone and (ii) the plurality of optical transceivers; and
a multi-hop mesh of free-space optically-communicating base stations each having a communications switch, a radio transceiver, electrically connected to the communications switch, for wirelessly telecommunicating by radio locally externally to the base station, a plurality of optical transceivers, electrically connected to the communications switch, for wirelessly communicating regionally externally to the base station by free-space optical links, and a controller for causing the communications switch (i) to route telecommunications traffic between the radio transceiver and the optical transceivers, and (ii) to route received optical communications traffic from a receiving to a transmitting optical transceiver, to the purpose and the end that local telecommunications traffic at the radio transceiver is free-space optically communicated step-wise regionally through the optical transceivers of whatsoever number of base stations are required to and from the end office, and upon the communications backbone;
wherein radio telecommunications local to one base station are free-space optically telecommunicated upon the mesh until ultimately communicatively interconnecting to the communications backbone.
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49. A communications method comprising:
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bi-directionally wire/cable-communicating information between a communications switch at a particular, end-office, site and a hardwired connection to a communications backbone which backbone is external to the end-office site and to which other end-office sites also connect;
end-office-wire/cable-switching the information between the end-office communications switch and a selected one of a plurality of wireless first transceivers, co-located at the end office with and electrically wire/cable connected to the communications switch, where the selected one of the plurality of wireless first transceivers at the end office is so selected in accordance with the information telecommunicated;
first wirelessly-telecommunicating the information through the selected one of the plurality of wireless first transceivers into free space, and onto a mesh of a multiplicity of free-space wireless communication transceivers;
further first wirelessly-telecommunicating the information upon successive links in free space upon the mesh, and through successive selected ones of the multiplicity of wireless first transceivers as are each located at a geographically separated mesh node, the successive selections of which ones of the wireless first transceivers are invoked for telecommunication upon the mesh, and the direction of the telecommunication of the information upon the mesh, all being in accordance with the information, until a mesh telecommunications linkage is ultimately made with a wireless first transceiver at a particular selected, base station, mesh node;
base-station-wire/cable-switching, in a switch at the selected base station mesh node that wire/cable connected to the wireless first transceiver at this selected base station mesh node, the information between the wireless first transceiver at this selected base-station node and a wireless second transceiver that is co-located at this selected base-station node along with the first transceiver; and
second wirelessly-telecommunicating the information with and through the second transceiver to a telecommunicating device in the local geographical region of the selected base-station node;
wherein communications and telecommunications have transpired by, inter alia, wire/cable-communicating at the end-office, first wirelessly-telecommunicating over free-space mesh network links between the end-office and the selected base station node, and second wirelessly-telecommunicating at the selected base station node to the telecommunicating device.
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51. A hybrid telecommunications system where both
(i) omnidirectional telecommunications, and (ii) directional telecommunications, transpire upon at least some of a multiplicity of communications paths between a corresponding multiplicity of end-users and a cable-based communications backbone, the system CHARACTERIZED IN THAT each of the multiplicity of end-users telecommunicates, via an omnidirectional telecommunications signal, with the system at a one of a plurality of system cells that are upon each of a plurality of hierarchical system cell levels, an end-user that proves unable to telecommunicate with the system through a system cell located at a lowest system cell hierarchical level attempting to communicate with a system cell at a next higher system cell hierarchical level and so on until telecommunications access to the system is finally obtained; -
where IF omnidirectional telecommunications access to the system is successfully achieved at a system cell that is upon the lowest system cell hierarchical level THEN, starting from this particular lowest-hierarchical-level system cell where the telecommunications access has been so achieved, telecommunication then transpires by directional telecommunications signals directionally across directional telecommunications links organized as a mesh until a particular, end-office, system cell is reached which end-office cell is, nonetheless to being upon the lowest system cell hierarchical level, communicatively connected to a cable-based communications backbone, whereupon telecommunications with the end user that has been in part (i) omnidirectional, and in part (ii) directional, is summarily, at this end-office system cell, communicatively joined to the cable-based communications backbone; and
ELSE IF, upon such times as omnidirectional telecommunications access to the system is not achieved at the lowest system cell hierarchical level but is instead achieved only a higher system cell hierarchical level, THEN, system cells upon these higher hierarchical system cell levels being directly communicatively connected to the cable-based communications backbone, the telecommunications with the end user that has been omnidirectional, is summarily, and at this higher-hierarchical-level system cell, communicatively joined to the cable-based communications backbone;
wherein upon telecommunications upon at least some of the multiplicity of communications paths between the corresponding multiplicity of end-users and the cable-based communications backbone are (i) in part omnidirectional and (ii) in part directional. - View Dependent Claims (52, 53, 54)
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55. A hybrid telecommunications system where both
(i) radio telecommunications, and (ii) free-space optical telecommunications, transpire upon at least some of a multiplicity of communications paths between a corresponding multiplicity of end-users and a cable-based communications backbone, the system CHARACTERIZED IN THAT each of the multiplicity of end-users telecommunicates, via a radio telecommunications signal, with the system at a one of a plurality of system cells that is upon each of a plurality of hierarchical system cell levels, an end-user that proves unable to telecommunicate with the system through a system cell at a lowest system cell hierarchical level attempting to communicate with a system cell at a next higher system cell hierarchical level and so on until radio telecommunications access to the system is finally obtained; -
where, upon such times as radio telecommunications access to the system is successfully achieved at the lowest system cell hierarchical level, then, starting from a particular lowest-hierarchical-level system cell where this telecommunications access is so achieved, telecommunication then transpires across free-space optical links organized as a mesh until a particular, end-office, system cell is reached which end-office cell is, nonetheless to being upon the lowest hierarchical system cell level, communicatively connected to a cable-based communications backbone, whereupon the telecommunications with the end user that have been (i) in part by radio, and (ii) in part by free-space optical, are summarily, and at this end-office system cell, communicatively joined to the cable-based communications backbone; and
where, upon such times as radio telecommunications access to the system is not achieved at the lowest system cell hierarchical level but is instead achieved only a higher system cell hierarchical level, then, system cells upon these higher hierarchical system cell levels being directly communicatively connected to the cable-based communications backbone, the telecommunications with the end user that has transpired by radio, is summarily, and at this higher-hierarchical-level system cell, communicatively joined to the cable-based communications backbone;
wherein upon at least some of the multiplicity of communications paths between the corresponding multiplicity of end-users and the cable-based communications backbone telecommunications are (i) in part by radio and (ii) in part by free-space optical links. - View Dependent Claims (56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65)
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58. A broadband free-space network access system for providing broadband telecommunications services to stationary and mobile user devices comprising:
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multiple sets of plural geographically-localized uniquely-identified first-tier telecommunication stations called base stations, each base station bi-directionally wirelessly telecommunicating by a broadband free-space first signal with a plurality of user devices within a small-size area geographically local to the base station, each set of plural base stations providing in combination broadband free-space wireless telecommunications to most, but not necessarily all, of the user devices that are within a medium-size geographical area that includes the small-size geographical areas local to each base station of the set;
a free-space broadband communications network for communicatively interconnecting, by free-space second signals that are of different frequency than are the first signals, the multiple sets of plural geographically-localized uniquely-identified first-tier telecommunication base stations to a communications backbone; and
a multiplicity of second-tier stations each within a medium-size geographical area, each second-tier station bi-directionally wirelessly telecommunicating again by the broadband free-space first signal with any user devices within the medium-size geographical area which user devices are not otherwise telecommunicating with first-tier telecommunication base stations, and communicatively interconnecting these user devices to the communications backbone;
wherein any individual user device can, and most commonly does, wirelessly telecommunicate through a first-tier telecommunications base station within a small geographical area local to the device in order to, after communicating further across the free-space broadband communications network, communicatively interconnect with the communications backbone;
butwherein any individual user device can alternatively wirelessly telecommunicate within the medium-size geographical area through a second-tier telecommunications station in order to communicatively interconnect with the same communications backbone.
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67. The broadband radio network access system according to claim 66 wherein the free-space broadband communications network comprises:
a network of optical transceivers for communicatively interconnecting by free-space optical signals that are of different frequency than are the radio signals.
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68. A communications system comprising:
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a mesh network telecommunicatively interconnecting a multiplicity of communication switches by and upon free-space telecommunications links; and
means for establishing virtual communication paths upon the mesh network between ones of the multiplicity of communication switches. - View Dependent Claims (69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74)
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Specification