Position location using global positioning signals augmented by broadcast television signals

• US 20020199196A1
• Filed: 05/31/2002
• Published: 12/26/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 06/21/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: TruePosition Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Rosum Corporation (Liberty Broadband Corp.)
• Inventors: Rabinowitz, Matthew, Spilker, James J. Jr.
• Granted Patent: US 7,463,195 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 725/72
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/205 for detecting the geographical location of the game platform
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/05 providing aiding data
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/11 wherein the cooperating elements are pseudolites or satellite radio beacon positioning system signal repeaters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/254 relating to Doppler shift of satellite signals
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/256 relating to timing, e.g. time of week, code phase, timing offset
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/258 relating to the satellite constellation, e.g. almanac, ephemeris data, lists of satellites in view
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/46 the supplementary measurement being of a radio-wave signal type
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0036 of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0054 of actual mobile position, i.e. position calculation on base station
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0081 Transmission between base stations
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/021 Calibration, monitoring or correction G01S5/0252 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/14 Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/145 Using a supplementary range measurement, e.g. based on pseudo-range measurements
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/25841 involving the geographical location of the client retrieval from the Internet by querying based on geographical locations G06F16/9537; arrangements for identifying locations of receiving stations in broadcast systems H04H60/51; location of the user terminal in data switching networks H04L67/52; services making use of the location of users or terminals in wireless networks H04W4/02; locating users or terminals in wireless networks H04W64/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2668 Creating a channel for a dedicated end-user group, e.g. insertion of targeted commercials based on end-user profiles information retrieval from the Internet by querying with filtering and personalisation G06F16/9535; arrangements for replacing or switching information during the broadcast H04H20/10; push services over packet-switching network H04L12/1859; adaptation of message content in packet-switching networks H04L51/063
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/41422 located in transportation means, e.g. personal vehicle arrangements specially adapted for transportation systems in broadcast systems H04H20/62
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/615 Signal processing at physical level signal processing in analog two-way television systems H04N7/173
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8126 involving additional data, e.g. news, sports, stocks, weather forecasts

Abstract

A method, apparatus, and computer-readable media for determining the position of a user terminal comprises receiving at the user terminal a broadcast television signal from a television signal transmitter; determining a first pseudo-range between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of the broadcast television signal; receiving at the user terminal a global positioning signal from a global positioning satellite; determining a second pseudo-range between the user terminal and the global positioning satellite based on the global positioning signal; and determining a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

Claims

1. A method for determining the position of a user terminal, comprising:

receiving at the user terminal a broadcast television signal from a television signal transmitter;

determining a first pseudo-range between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of the broadcast television signal;

receiving at the user terminal a global positioning signal from a global positioning satellite;

determining a second pseudo-range between the user terminal and the global positioning satellite based on the global positioning signal; and

determining a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a position of the user terminal comprises:

adjusting the first pseudo-range based on a difference between a transmitter clock at the broadcast television signal and a known time reference;

adjusting the second pseudo-range based on a relative radial velocity between the global positioning satellite and the user terminal; and

determining the position of the user terminal based on the adjusted first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

17. The method of claim 12, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

19. The method of claim 12, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

20. The method of claim 12, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

12. A method for determining the position of a user terminal, comprising:

receiving at the user terminal a broadcast television signal from a television signal transmitter;

determining a first pseudo-range between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of the broadcast television signal;

receiving at the user terminal a global positioning signal from a global positioning satellite;

determining a second pseudo-range between the user terminal and the global positioning satellite based on the global positioning signal; and

transmitting the first and second pseudoranges to a location server configured to determine a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

22. A method for determining the position of a user terminal, comprising:

receiving a first pseudo-range from the user terminal, the first pseudo-range determined between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of a broadcast television signal transmitted by the television signal transmitter;

receiving a second pseudo-range from the user terminal, the second pseudo-range determined between the user terminal and a global positioning satellite based on a global positioning signal transmitted by the global positioning signal; and

determining a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein determining a position of the user terminal comprises:

adjusting the first pseudo-range based on a difference between a transmitter clock at the broadcast television signal and a known time reference;

adjusting the second pseudo-range based on a relative radial velocity between the global positioning satellite and the user terminal; and

determining the position of the user terminal based on the adjusted first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

28. The method of claim 22, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

30. The method of claim 22, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

31. The method of claim 22, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

33. Computer-readable media embodying instructions executable by a computer to perform a method for determining the position of a user terminal, the method comprising:

receiving at the user terminal a broadcast television signal from a television signal transmitter;

determining a first pseudo-range between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of the broadcast television signal;

receiving at the user terminal a global positioning signal from a global positioning satellite;

determining a second pseudo-range between the user terminal and the global positioning satellite based on the global positioning signal; and

determining a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

34. The media of claim 33, wherein determining a position of the user terminal comprises:

adjusting the first pseudo-range based on a difference between a transmitter clock at the broadcast television signal and a known time reference;

adjusting the second pseudo-range based on a relative radial velocity between the global positioning satellite and the user terminal; and

determining the position of the user terminal based on the adjusted first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

35. The media of claim 33, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

36. The media of claim 35, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

37. The media of claim 36, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

38. The media of claim 36, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

39. The media of claim 33, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

40. The media of claim 39, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

41. The media of claim 33, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

42. The media of claim 33, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

43. The media of claim 42, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

44. Computer-readable media embodying instructions executable by a computer to perform a method for determining the position of a user terminal, the method comprising:

receiving at the user terminal a broadcast television signal from a television signal transmitter;

determining a first pseudo-range between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of the broadcast television signal;

receiving at the user terminal a global positioning signal from a global positioning satellite;

determining a second pseudo-range between the user terminal and the global positioning satellite based on the global positioning signal; and

transmitting the first and second pseudoranges to a location server configured to determine a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

45. The media of claim 44, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

46. The media of claim 45, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

47. The media of claim 46, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

48. The media of claim 46, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

49. The media of claim 44, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

50. The media of claim 49, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

51. The media of claim 44, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

52. The media of claim 44, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

53. The media of claim 52, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

54. Computer-readable media embodying instructions executable by a computer to perform a method for determining the position of a user terminal, the method comprising:

receiving a first pseudo-range from the user terminal, the first pseudo-range determined between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of a broadcast television signal transmitted by the television signal transmitter;

receiving a second pseudo-range from the user terminal, the second pseudo-range determined between the user terminal and a global positioning satellite based on a global positioning signal transmitted by the global positioning signal; and

determining a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

55. The media of claim 54, wherein determining a position of the user terminal comprises:

adjusting the first pseudo-range based on a difference between a transmitter clock at the broadcast television signal and a known time reference;

adjusting the second pseudo-range based on a relative radial velocity between the global positioning satellite and the user terminal; and

determining the position of the user terminal based on the adjusted first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

56. The media of claim 54, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

57. The media of claim 56, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

58. The media of claim 57, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

59. The media of claim 57, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

60. The media of claim 54, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

61. The media of claim 60, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

62. The media of claim 54, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

63. The media of claim 54, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

64. The media of claim 63, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

65. An apparatus for determining the position of a user terminal, comprising:

a receiver to receive at the user terminal a broadcast television signal from a television signal transmitter;

a processor to determine a first pseudo-range between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of the broadcast television signal;

wherein the receiver receives at the user terminal a global positioning signal from a global positioning satellite;

wherein the processor determines a second pseudo-range between the user terminal and the global positioning satellite based on the global positioning signal; and

wherein the processor determines a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

66. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein:

the processor adjusts the first pseudo-range based on a difference between a transmitter clock at the broadcast television signal and a known time reference;

the processor adjusts the second pseudo-range based on a relative radial velocity between the global positioning satellite and the user terminal; and

the processor determines the position of the user terminal based on the adjusted first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

67. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

68. The apparatus of claim 67, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

69. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

70. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

71. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

72. The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

73. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

74. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

75. The apparatus of claim 74, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

76. The apparatus of claim 65, further comprising:

an antenna to receive the broadcast television signal; and

wherein the antenna receives the global positioning signal.

77. An apparatus for determining the position of a user terminal, comprising:

a receiver to receive at the user terminal a broadcast television signal from a television signal transmitter;

a processor to determine a first pseudo-range between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of the broadcast television signal;

wherein the receiver receives at the user terminal a global positioning signal from a global positioning satellite;

wherein the processor determines a second pseudo-range between the user terminal and the global positioning satellite based on the global positioning signal; and

a transmitter to transmit the first and second pseudoranges to a location server configured to determine a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

78. The apparatus of claim 77, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

79. The apparatus of claim 78, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

80. The apparatus of claim 79, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

81. The apparatus of claim 79, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

82. The apparatus of claim 77, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

83. The apparatus of claim 82, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

84. The apparatus of claim 77, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

85. The apparatus of claim 77, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

86. The apparatus of claim 85, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

87. The apparatus of claim 77, further comprising:

an antenna to receive the broadcast television signal; and

wherein the antenna receives the global positioning signal.

88. An apparatus for determining the position of a user terminal, comprising:

a receiver to receive a first pseudo-range from the user terminal, the first pseudo-range determined between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of a broadcast television signal transmitted by the television signal transmitter;

wherein the receiver receives a second pseudo-range from the user terminal, the second pseudo-range determined between the user terminal and a global positioning satellite based on a global positioning signal transmitted by the global positioning signal; and

a processor to determine a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

89. The apparatus of claim 88, wherein:

the processor adjusts the first pseudo-range based on a difference between a transmitter clock at the broadcast television signal and a known time reference;

the processor adjusts the second pseudo-range based on a relative radial velocity between the global positioning satellite and the user terminal; and

the processor determines the position of the user terminal based on the adjusted first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

90. The apparatus of claim 88, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

91. The apparatus of claim 90, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

92. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

93. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

94. The apparatus of claim 88, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

95. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

96. The apparatus of claim 88, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

97. The apparatus of claim 88, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

98. The apparatus of claim 97, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

99. The apparatus of claim 88, further comprising:

an antenna to receive the broadcast television signal; and

wherein the antenna receives the global positioning signal.

100. An apparatus for determining the position of a user terminal, comprising:

receiving means for receiving at the user terminal a broadcast television signal from a television signal transmitter;

processing means for determining a first pseudo-range between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of the broadcast television signal;

wherein the receiving means receives at the user terminal a global positioning signal from a global positioning satellite;

wherein the processing means determines a second pseudo-range between the user terminal and the global positioning satellite based on the global positioning signal; and

wherein the processing means determines a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

101. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein:

the processing means adjusts the first pseudo-range based on a difference between a transmitter clock at the broadcast television signal and a known time reference;

the processing means adjusts the second pseudo-range based on a relative radial velocity between the global positioning satellite and the user terminal; and

the processing means determines the position of the user terminal based on the adjusted first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

102. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

103. The apparatus of claim 102, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

104. The apparatus of claim 103, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

105. The apparatus of claim 103, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

106. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

107. The apparatus of claim 106, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

108. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

109. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

110. The apparatus of claim 109, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

111. The apparatus of claim 100, further comprising:

antenna means for receiving the broadcast television signal; and

wherein the antenna means receives the global positioning signal.

113. The apparatus of claim 112, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

114. The apparatus of claim 113, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

115. The apparatus of claim 114, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

116. The apparatus of claim 114, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

117. The apparatus of claim 112, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

118. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

119. The apparatus of claim 112, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

120. The apparatus of claim 112, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

121. The apparatus of claim 120, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

122. The apparatus of claim 112, further comprising:

antenna means for receiving the broadcast television signal; and

wherein the antenna means receives the global positioning signal.

124. The apparatus of claim 123, wherein:

the processing means adjusts the first pseudo-range based on a difference between a transmitter clock at the broadcast television signal and a known time reference;

the processing means adjusts the second pseudo-range based on a relative radial velocity between the global positioning satellite and the user terminal; and

the processing means determines the position of the user terminal based on the adjusted first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

125. The apparatus of claim 123, wherein the broadcast television signal is an American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television signal, and the known component in the broadcast television signal is a known digital sequence in the ATSC frame.

126. The apparatus of claim 125, wherein the known digital sequence is a synchronization code.

127. The apparatus of claim 126, wherein the synchronization code is a Field Synchronization Segment within an ATSC data frame.

128. The apparatus of claim 126, wherein the synchronization code is a Synchronization Segment within a Data Segment within an ATSC data frame.

129. The apparatus of claim 123, wherein the broadcast television signal is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal.

130. The apparatus of claim 129, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is a scattered pilot carrier.

131. The apparatus of claim 123, wherein the broadcast television signal is a Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) signal.

132. The apparatus of claim 123, wherein the broadcast television signal is an analog television signal.

133. The apparatus of claim 132, wherein the known component in the broadcast television signal is selected from the group comprising:

a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse;

a horizontal blanking pulse and a horizontal synchronization pulse;

a ghost canceling reference signal; and

a vertical interval test signal.

134. The apparatus of claim 123, further comprising:

antenna means for receiving the broadcast television signal; and

wherein the antenna means receives the global positioning signal.

112. An apparatus for determining the position of a user terminal, comprising:

receiving means for receiving at the user terminal a broadcast television signal from a television signal transmitter;

processing means for determining a first pseudo-range between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of the broadcast television signal;

wherein the receiving means receives at the user terminal a global positioning signal from a global positioning satellite;

wherein the processing means determines a second pseudo-range between the user terminal and the global positioning satellite based on the global positioning signal; and

transmitting means for transmitting the first and second pseudoranges to a location server configured to determine a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.

123. An apparatus for determining the position of a user terminal, comprising:

receiving means for receiving a first pseudo-range from the user terminal, the first pseudo-range determined between the user terminal and the television signal transmitter based on a known component of a broadcast television signal transmitted by the television signal transmitter;

wherein the receiving means receives a second pseudo-range from the user terminal, the second pseudo-range determined between the user terminal and a global positioning satellite based on a global positioning signal transmitted by the global positioning signal; and

processing means for determining a position of the user terminal based on the first and second pseudo-ranges, a location of the television signal transmitter, and a location of the global positioning satellite.