Cationic ion pairing compositions having volatile combustion products with O or S or halogen atoms or their combinations as heteroatoms for use with gas-phase or vapor-phase element-specific detectors
First Claim
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1. An cationic ion pairing composition comprising:
- at least one cation; and
at least one counterion, where the cations and counterions have volatile combustion products including O or S or halogen atoms or combinations thereof as their only heteroatoms.
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Abstract
Non-interfering, cationic ion pairing reagents and cationic ion pairing reagent systems having volatile combustion products with at most halide, O or S atoms and their combinations as heteroatoms are disclosed that can be used in analytical techniques utilizing element specific detectors. The cationic ion pairing reagents and cationic ion pairing reagent systems have volatile combustion products with at most halide, O or S atoms as heteroatoms. Also, analytical techniques are disclosed using these cationic ion pairing reagents and cationic ion pairing reagent systems.
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Citations
27 Claims
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1. An cationic ion pairing composition comprising:
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at least one cation; and
at least one counterion, where the cations and counterions have volatile combustion products including O or S or halogen atoms or combinations thereof as their only heteroatoms. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A cationic ion pairing composition for use in element-specific detection systems comprising a solution comprising:
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a solvent;
a cation selected from the group consisting of oxonium ions, sulfonium ions, sulfoxonium ions and mixtures and combinations thereof; and
a counterion selected from the group consisting of hydroxide, halide, oxyhalide, sulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, carbonate, bicarbonate, carboxylate, phenolate, sulfonate, organosulfate ions and mixtures and combinations thereof, where the cation and counterion and the solvent have volatile combustion products including O or S or halogen atoms or combinations thereof as their only heteroatoms. - View Dependent Claims (10)
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11. A cationic ion pairing composition for use in element-specific detection systems comprising:
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a solvent;
a plurality of cations selected from the group consisting of oxonium ions, sulfonium ions, sulfoxonium ions and mixtures and combinations thereof; and
a plurality of counterions selected from the group consisting of hydroxide, halide, oxyhalide, sulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, carbonate, bicarbonate, carboxylate, phenolate, sulfonate, organosulfate ions and mixtures and combinations thereof, where the cations and the counterions and the solvent have volatile combustion products including O or S or halogen atoms or combinations thereof as their only heteroatoms. - View Dependent Claims (12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27)
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13. An apparatus for detecting an analyte comprising:
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a separation component where a sample is separated into its components, where the sample comprises at least one analyte and at least one cation and at least one counterion, where the cations and counterions have volatile combustion products including O or S or halogen atoms or combinations thereof as their only heteroatoms and where at least one combustion product of the analyte is detectable;
a combustion zone where the sample is converted to its corresponding combustion products;
a gas-phase or vapor-phase element-specific detector (ESD) capable of detecting the at least one analyte combustion product.
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19. A method for analyzing an analyte comprising the steps of:
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introducing a sample comprising at least one analyte and at least one cation and at least one counterion into a combustion zone, where the cations and counterions have volatile combustion products including O or S or halogen atoms or combinations thereof as their only heteroatoms;
converting the sample, in the combustion zone, into its corresponding volatile combustion products including at least one analyte combustion product;
measuring the at least one analyte combustion product with a gas-phase or vapor-phase element-specific detector to produce a detector signal; and
determinating an analyte concentration in the sample from the detector signal.
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24. A method for forming an cationic ion pairing reagent in situ comprising the steps of:
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dissolving a base form of a cation in a solvent to form a solution, where the base form of the cation has volatile combustion products including O or S or halogen atoms or mixtures and combinations thereof as their only heteroatoms;
adding an amount of an acid form of a counterion to the solution, where the acid form of the counterion has volatile combustion products including O or S or halogen atoms or mixtures and combinations thereof as their only heteroatoms, and where the amount is sufficient to convert substantially all of the base form of the cation to its corresponding cation to form an in situ formed cationic ion pairing reagent; and
adding a sample comprising at least one analyte to the solution containing the in situ formed cationic ion pairing reagent.
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Specification