Hydrogen producing apparatus and power generating system using it

• US 20030008187A1
• Filed: 02/11/2002
• Published: 01/09/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 07/04/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd., Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd., Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
• Inventors: Komachiya, Masahiro, Kamo, Tomoichi, Higashiyama, Kazutoshi, Hiyama, Kiyoshi, Okano, Tetsurou, Kaku, Hiroyuki, Imada, Noriyuki
• Granted Patent: US 6,890,673 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/19
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0013 Controlling the temperature of the process
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00063 of the reactants
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00164 controlling the flow
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00198 at the reactor inlet
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00202 at the reactor outlet
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00213 Fixed parameter value
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00231 at the reactor inlet
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0233 the reforming step being a steam reforming step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0244 the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0261 containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0283 containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/044 Selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/047 the impurity being carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/066 with fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0811 by combustion of fuel
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0833 Heating by indirect heat exchange with hot fluids, other than combustion gases, product gases or non-combustive exothermic reaction product gases
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0844 the non-combustive exothermic reaction being another reforming reaction as defined in groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/0294
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/085 by electric heating
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1052 Nickel or cobalt catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1064 Platinum group metal catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1223 : Methanol
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1241 : Natural gas or methane
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1258 : Pre-treatment of the feed
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/127 : Catalytic desulfurisation
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1276 : Mixing of different feed components
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1288 : Evaporation of one or more of the different feed components
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/141 : At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/142 : At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/16 : Controlling the process
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1604 : Starting up the process
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1619 : Measuring the temperature
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1628 : Controlling the pressure
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1685 : Control based on demand of downstream process
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/169 : Controlling the feed
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1695 : Adjusting the feed of the combustion
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/82 : Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/32 : by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/323 : Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/34 : by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/382 : Multi-step processes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/386 : Catalytic partial combustion
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 5/01 : electric
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0612 : from carbon-containing material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0662 : Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells

Abstract

For the stabilization of the reaction, especially, for maintaining reaction temperature, the feedback control by the feedback unit is performed for to the supply of air (, oxygen, or oxidizing agent), whereas other materials are supplied by the open-loop control according to the instruction of the flow selection unit which indicates a preset value depending on the required hydrogen production volume. In addition, the continuous flow setting unit capable of changing the flow continuously is employed for the supply system of the air, whereas the flow control of the other materials is performed by use of the discrete flow setting units each of which provides the discretized flow by use of the on-off combination of two or more on-off valves.

Claims

1. A hydrogen producing device for supplying at least one type of material to a reaction part together with air, oxygen, or an oxidizing agent to produce hydrogen by a specific chemical reaction, wherein:

for the at least one type of material, supply amount of each material is set by selecting one from two or more set values which are previously determined corresponding to required hydrogen production volumes; and

for the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent, supply amount of the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent is varied and controlled so that a temperature of the reaction part is within a preset temperature range.

8. A hydrogen producing device as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the at least one type of material includes two types of materials which are water and methane.

9. A hydrogen producing device as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the at least one type of material includes two types of materials which are water and methanol.

10. A hydrogen producing device as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the at least one type of material includes one type of material which is an aqueous solution of methanol.

11. A hydrogen producing device as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the hydrogen producing device produces the hydrogen by a combined reforming method in which a combination of an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction is employed.

12. A hydrogen producing device as claimed in claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein at least one of the flow setting means provided to the supply systems for the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent and the at least one type of material includes on-off valves connected in parallel.

13. A hydrogen producing device as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one of the on-off valves is provided with a constant-flow valve connected in series with the on-off valves.

14. A hydrogen producing device as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one of the on-off valves is provided with a governor connected in series with the on-off valves.

15. A hydrogen producing device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the flow setting means for the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent is a discharge-controllable blower.

16. A fuel cell electric power generation system comprising a hydrogen producing device, for generating electric power using hydrogen produced by the hydrogen producing device as a raw material, wherein

the hydrogen producing device is implemented by the hydrogen producing device claimed in any one of claims 1-15.

17. A fuel cell electric power generation system as claimed in claim 16, wherein hydrogen storage means is provided after an outlet of the hydrogen producing device.

18. A distributed power source for home use or for buildings, comprising a hydrogen producing device and a fuel cell for generating electric power by use of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen producing device, wherein

the hydrogen producing device is implemented by the hydrogen producing device claimed in any one of claims 1-15;

and

the fuel cell is implemented by a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

19. A distributed power source as claimed in claim 18, further comprising means for recovering exhaust heat, which is generated in the fuel cell, by use of coolant, and using the recovered exhaust heat as hot water.

2. A hydrogen producing device for supplying at least one type of material to a reaction part together with air, oxygen, or an oxidizing agent to produce hydrogen by a specific chemical reaction, wherein:

for the at least one type of material, supply amount of each material is set by on/off combination of two or more valves each of which is capable of providing a preset flow; and

for the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent, supply amount of the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent is set by controlling opening of a variable-flow valve so that temperature of the reaction part is within a preset temperature range.

3. A hydrogen producing device for supplying at least one type of material to a reaction part together with air, oxygen, or an oxidizing agent to produce hydrogen by a specific chemical reaction, wherein:

for the at least one type of material, supply amount of each material is set by on/of combination of two or more valves each of which is capable of providing a preset flow; and

for the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent, supply amount is set by controlling a supply pressure of the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent so that temperature of the reaction part is within a preset temperature range.

4. A hydrogen producing device for supplying at least one type of material to a reaction part together with air, oxygen, or an oxidizing agent to produce hydrogen by a specific chemical reaction, wherein:

for the at least one type of material, supply amount of each material is set by on-off combination of two or more valves each of which is capable of providing a preset flow; and

for the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent, supply amount of the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent is set by controlling discharge of a discharge-controllable blower so that temperature of the reaction part is within a preset temperature range.

5. A hydrogen producing device for supplying at least one type of material to a reaction part together with air, oxygen, or an oxidizing agent to produce hydrogen by a specific chemical reaction, wherein:

for the at least one type of material, supply amount of each material is set by selecting one from n1 set values which are previously determined corresponding to required hydrogen production volumes; and

for the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent, supply amount of the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent is set by selecting one from predetermined n2 set values, n1 being smaller than n2.

6. A hydrogen producing device for supplying at least one type of material to a reaction part together with air, oxygen, or an oxidizing agent to produce hydrogen by a specific chemical reaction, wherein:

each of supply systems for the air, oxygen, or oxidizing agent and the at least one type of material is provided with flow setting means; and

flow setting is performed so that at least one of the flow setting means opens the supply system during a second time period in a preset first time period and an average supply flow in the first time period becomes a desired value.

7. A hydrogen producing device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the second time period is varied depending on status of hydrogen production operation such as alteration of a required hydrogen production volume.