Modified carbide and oxycarbide containing catalysts and methods of making and using thereof
First Claim
1. A catalytic composition comprising:
- a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide, said composition having an ammonia desorption peak at a temperature greater than 100°
C.
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Abstract
Compositions including modified carbide-containing nanorods and/or modified oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or modified carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including modified oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or modified carbide containing nanorods and/or modified carbon nanotubes bearing modified carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided.
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Citations
55 Claims
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1. A catalytic composition comprising:
- a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide, said composition having an ammonia desorption peak at a temperature greater than 100°
C. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
- a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide, said composition having an ammonia desorption peak at a temperature greater than 100°
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7. A catalytic composition comprising:
- a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide, said nanostructures having been modified by an acidification treatment.
- View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31)
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16. A catalytic composition comprising:
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(a) a rigid porous structure formed from a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide, said rigid porous structure including a plurality of interstitial spaces between said nanostructures; and
(b) a solid acid in said interstitial spaces.
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27. A process of preparing a catalytic composition for conducting a fluid phase catalytic reaction comprising the step of:
- acidifying a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide.
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32. A process of preparing a catalytic composition for conducting a fluid phase catalytic reaction comprising the step of:
- incorporating a solid acid within the plurality of interstitial spaces within a composition including a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide.
- View Dependent Claims (33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40)
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37. A method for the isomerization of a hydrocarbon comprising the step of:
- contacting a feed stream including a hydrocarbon under isomerization conditions with a composition, said composition including a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide, said composition having an ammonia desorption peak at a temperature greater than 100°
C.
- contacting a feed stream including a hydrocarbon under isomerization conditions with a composition, said composition including a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide, said composition having an ammonia desorption peak at a temperature greater than 100°
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41. A method for the isomerization of a hydrocarbon comprising the step of:
- contacting a feed stream including a hydrocarbon under isomerization conditions with a composition, said composition including a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide, said nanotubes having been modified by an acidification treatment.
- View Dependent Claims (42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55)
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47. A method for the isomerization of a hydrocarbon comprising the step of:
- contacting a feed stream including a hydrocarbon under isomerization conditions with a composition, said composition including;
(a) a rigid porous structure formed from a plurality of nanostructures selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbide nanorods, and mixtures thereof, each having a substantially uniform diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm and a length to diameter ratio greater than 5, said nanostructures further including a metal carbide selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxycarbides of a transition metal, rare earth metal or actinide, said rigid porous structure including a plurality of interstitial spaces between said nanostructures; and
(b) a solid acid in said interstitial spaces.
- contacting a feed stream including a hydrocarbon under isomerization conditions with a composition, said composition including;
Specification