Electrochromic medium having a self-healing cross-linked polymer gel and associated electrochromic device
First Claim
Patent Images
1. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
- at least one solvent;
a cathodic electroactive material;
an anodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the cathodic and anodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and
a self-healing cross-linked polymer gel.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device comprising: at least one solvent; a cathodic electroactive material; an anodic electroactive material; wherein at least one of the cathodic and anodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and a self-healing cross-linked polymer gel.
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Citations
110 Claims
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1. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one solvent;
a cathodic electroactive material;
an anodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the cathodic and anodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and
a self-healing cross-linked polymer gel. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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2. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises at least one cohesive functional group present in an effective concentration to, in turn, substantially diminish visual irregularities within the same.
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3. The electrochromic medium according to claim 2, wherein the at least one cohesive functional group is selected from the group comprising a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof.
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4. The electrochromic medium according to claim 3, wherein the at least one cohesive functional group consists of a hydroxyl group.
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5. The electrochromic medium according to claim 2, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel includes a product of a cross-linking reactant, wherein the cross-linking reactant comprises an isocyanate.
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6. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 3:
- 1.
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7. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 4:
- 1.
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8. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 6:
- 1.
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9. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 8:
- 1.
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10. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 13:
- 1.
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11. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 20:
- 1.
-
12. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group ranges from approximately 3:
- 1 to approximately 100;
1.
- 1 to approximately 100;
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13. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof, and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group consisting of an isocyanate, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group ranges from approximately 3:
- 1 to approximately 100;
1.
- 1 to approximately 100;
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14. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof, and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group consisting of an isocyanate, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 3:
- 1.
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15. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel includes a backbone selected from the group comprising polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyethers, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polysilanes, polysiloxanes, polyvinylacetates, polymethacrylonitriles, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinylphenols, polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylidenehalides, and co-polymers and combinations thereof.
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16. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the cathodic and anodic electroactive materials are linked.
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17. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the at least one solvent is selected from the group comprising 3-methylsulfolane, sulfolane, glutaronitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile, polyethers including tetraglyme, alcohols including ethoxyethanol, nitrites including 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, ketones including 2-acetylbutyrolactone, cyclopentanone, cyclic esters including beta-propiolactone, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and homogenous mixtures of the same.
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18. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of at least one of the cathodic and anodic electrochromic materials ranges from approximately 1 mM to approximately 1000 mM.
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19. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of at least one of the cathodic and anodic electrochromic materials ranges from approximately 5 mM to approximately 500 mM.
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20. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises a viologen.
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21. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises a polymer film.
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22. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises tungsten oxide.
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23. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a heterocyclic compound.
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24. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a polymer film.
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25. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the anodic electroactive material is selected from at least one of the group comprising 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine, 10-methylphenothiazine, a metallocene, and mixtures thereof.
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2. The electrochromic medium according to claim 1, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises at least one cohesive functional group present in an effective concentration to, in turn, substantially diminish visual irregularities within the same.
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26. An electrochromic medium for use in an electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one solvent;
a cathodic electroactive material;
an anodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the cathodic and anodic electroactive materials is electrochromic;
a cross-linked polymer gel; and
means associated with the cross-linked polymer gel for substantially diminishing undesirable visual irregularities within the same. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)
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27. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises at least one cohesive functional group present in an effective concentration to, in turn, substantially diminish visual irregularities within the same.
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28. The electrochromic medium according to claim 27, wherein the at least one cohesive functional group is selected from the group comprising a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof.
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29. The electrochromic medium according to claim 28, wherein the at least one cohesive functional group consists of a hydroxyl group.
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30. The electrochromic medium according to claim 27, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel includes a product of a cross-linking reactant, wherein the cross-linking reactant comprises an isocyanate.
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31. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 3:
- 1.
-
32. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 4:
- 1.
-
33. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 6:
- 1.
-
34. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 8:
- 1.
-
35. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 13:
- 1.
-
36. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 20:
- 1.
-
37. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group ranges from approximately 3:
- 1 to approximately 100;
1.
- 1 to approximately 100;
-
38. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof, and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group consisting of an isocyanate, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group ranges from approximately 3:
- 1 to approximately 100;
1.
- 1 to approximately 100;
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39. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof, and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group consisting of an isocyanate, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 3:
- 1.
-
40. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel includes a backbone selected from the group comprising polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyethers, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polysilanes, polysiloxanes, polyvinylacetates, polymethacrylonitriles, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinylphenols, polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylidenehalides, and co-polymers and combinations thereof.
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41. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cathodic and anodic electroactive materials are linked.
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42. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the at least one solvent is selected from the group comprising 3-methylsulfolane, sulfolane, glutaronitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile, polyethers including tetraglyme, alcohols including ethoxyethanol, nitriles including 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, ketones including 2-acetylbutyrolactone, cyclopentanone, cyclic esters including beta-propiolactone, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and homogenous mixtures of the same.
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43. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the concentration of at least one of the cathodic and anodic electrochromic materials ranges from approximately 1 mM to approximately 1000 mM.
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44. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the concentration of at least one of the cathodic and anodic electrochromic materials ranges from approximately 5 mM to approximately 500 mM.
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45. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises a viologen.
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46. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises a polymer film.
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47. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises tungsten oxide.
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48. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a heterocyclic compound.
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49. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a polymer film.
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50. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the anodic electroactive material is selected from at least one of the group comprising 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine, 10-methylphenothiazine, a metallocene, and mixtures thereof.
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27. The electrochromic medium according to claim 26, wherein the cross-linked polymer gel comprises at least one cohesive functional group present in an effective concentration to, in turn, substantially diminish visual irregularities within the same.
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51. An electrochromic device, comprising:
-
at least one substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; and
an electrochromic medium which comprises;
at least one solvent;
a cathodic electroactive material;
an anodic electroactive material;
wherein at least one of the cathodic and anodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and
a self-healing cross-linked polymeric gel. - View Dependent Claims (52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80)
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52. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises at least one cohesive functional group present in an effective concentration to, in turn, substantially diminish visual irregularities within the same.
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53. The electrochromic device according to claim 52, wherein the at least one cohesive a functional group is selected from the group comprising a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof.
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54. The electrochromic device according to claim 53, wherein the at least one cohesive functional group consists of a hydroxyl group.
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55. The electrochromic device according to claim 52, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel includes a product of a cross-linking reactant, wherein the cross-linking reactant comprises an isocyanate.
-
56. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 3:
- 1.
-
57. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 4:
- 1.
-
58. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 6:
- 1.
-
59. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 8:
- 1.
-
60. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 13:
- 1.
-
61. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 20:
- 1.
-
62. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group ranges from approximately 3:
- 1 to approximately 100;
1.
- 1 to approximately 100;
-
63. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof, and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group consisting of an isocyanate, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group ranges from approximately 3:
- 1 to approximately 100;
1.
- 1 to approximately 100;
-
64. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof, and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group consisting of an isocyanate, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 3:
- 1.
-
65. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel includes a backbone selected from the group comprising polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyethers, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polysilanes, polysiloxanes, polyvinylacetates, polymethacrylonitriles, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinylphenols, polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylidenehalides, and co-polymers and combinations thereof.
-
66. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the cathodic and anodic electroactive materials are linked.
-
67. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the at least one solvent is selected from the group comprising 3-methylsulfolane, sulfolane, glutaronitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile, polyethers including tetraglyme, alcohols including ethoxyethanol, nitriles including 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, ketones including 2-acetylbutyrolactone, cyclopentanone, cyclic esters including beta-propiolactone, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and homogenous mixtures of the same.
-
68. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the concentration of at least one of the cathodic and anodic electrochromic materials ranges from approximately 1 mM to approximately 1000 mM.
-
69. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the concentration of at least one of the cathodic and anodic electrochromic materials ranges from approximately 5 mM to approximately 500 mM.
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70. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises a viologen.
-
71. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises a polymer film.
-
72. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises tungsten oxide.
-
73. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a heterocyclic compound.
-
74. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a polymer film.
-
75. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the anodic electroactive material is selected from at least one of the group comprising 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine, 10-methylphenothiazine, a metallocene, and mixtures thereof.
-
76. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, comprising a first substantially transparent substrate and a second substrate.
-
77. The electrochromic device according to claim 76, wherein the device is an electrochromic window.
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78. The electrochromic device according to claim 76, wherein the second substrate is plated with a reflective material.
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79. The electrochromic device according to claim 78, wherein the reflective material is selected from the group comprising chromium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, alloys of the same, and stacked layers thereof.
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80. The electrochromic device according to claim 79, wherein the device is an electrochromic mirror.
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52. The electrochromic device according to claim 51, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises at least one cohesive functional group present in an effective concentration to, in turn, substantially diminish visual irregularities within the same.
-
-
81. An electrochromic device, comprising:
-
a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith;
a second substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; and
an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which comprises;
at least one solvent;
a cathodic electroactive material;
an anodic electroactive material, wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and
a self-healing cross-linked polymeric gel. - View Dependent Claims (82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110)
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82. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises at least one cohesive functional group present in an effective concentration to, in turn, substantially diminish visual irregularities within the same.
-
83. The electrochromic device according to claim 82, wherein the at least one cohesive functional group is selected from the group comprising a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof.
-
84. The electrochromic device according to claim 83, wherein the at least one cohesive functional group consists of a hydroxyl group.
-
85. The electrochromic device according to claim 82, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel includes a product of a cross-linking reactant, wherein the cross-linking reactant comprises an isocyanate.
-
86. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 3:
- 1.
-
87. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 4:
- 1.
-
88. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 6:
- 1.
-
89. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 8:
- 1.
-
90. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 13:
- 1.
-
91. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 20:
- 1.
-
92. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group ranges from approximately 3:
- 1 to approximately 100;
1.
- 1 to approximately 100;
-
93. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof, and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group consisting of an isocyanate, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group ranges from approximately 3:
- 1 to approximately 100;
1.
- 1 to approximately 100;
-
94. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises a product of a first reactant having a cohesive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, acetates, thiols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonyl halides, silicate esters, ammonium salts, sulfonyl acids, siloxyls, silyls, cyanos, and combinations thereof, and a second reactant having a cross-linking functional group consisting of an isocyanate, wherein the molar ratio of the cohesive functional group to the cross-linking functional group is greater than approximately 3:
- 1.
-
95. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel includes a backbone selected from the group comprising polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyethers, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polysilanes, polysiloxanes, polyvinylacetates, polymethacrylonitriles, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinylphenols, polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylidenehalides, and co-polymers and combinations thereof.
-
96. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the cathodic and anodic electroactive materials are linked.
-
97. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the at least one solvent is selected from the group comprising 3-methylsulfolane, sulfolane, glutaronitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile, polyethers including tetraglyme, alcohols including ethoxyethanol, nitrites including 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, ketones including 2-acetylbutyrolactone, cyclopentanone, cyclic esters including beta-propiolactone, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and homogenous mixtures of the same.
-
98. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the concentration of at least one of the cathodic and anodic electrochromic materials ranges from approximately 1 mM to approximately 1000 mM.
-
99. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the concentration of at least one of the cathodic and anodic electrochromic materials ranges from approximately 5 mM to approximately 500 mM.
-
100. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises a viologen.
-
101. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises a polymer film.
-
102. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the cathodic electroactive material comprises tungsten oxide.
-
103. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a heterocyclic compound.
-
104. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the anodic electroactive material comprises a polymer film.
-
105. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the anodic electroactive material is selected from at least one of the group comprising 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine, 10-methylphenothiazine, a metallocene, and mixtures thereof.
-
106. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, comprising a first substantially transparent substrate and a second substrate.
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107. The electrochromic device according to claim 106, wherein the device is an electrochromic window.
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108. The electrochromic device according to claim 106, wherein the second substrate is plated with a reflective material.
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109. The electrochromic device according to claim 108, wherein the reflective material is selected from the group comprising chromium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, alloys of the same, and stacked layers thereof.
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110. The electrochromic device according to claim 109, wherein the device is an electrochromic mirror.
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82. The electrochromic device according to claim 81, wherein the self-healing cross-linked polymer gel comprises at least one cohesive functional group present in an effective concentration to, in turn, substantially diminish visual irregularities within the same.
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Specification
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Current AssigneeGentex Corporation
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Original AssigneeGentex Corporation
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InventorsKloeppner, Leroy J., Guarr, Thomas F., Ash, Kevin L., Roberts, Kathy E.
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Granted Patent
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Time in Patent OfficeDays
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Field of Search
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US Class Current252/583
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CPC Class CodesC09K 9/02 Organic tenebrescent materialsG02F 1/1503 caused by oxidation-reducti...G02F 1/1525 characterised by a particul...G02F 2001/1502 complementary cell