Passive response communication system

• US 20030043023A1
• Filed: 08/27/2002
• Published: 03/06/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 08/30/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Inventors: Perraud, Eric, Burri, Michel
• Granted Patent: US 6,992,568 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 340/10.1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2009/00365 in combination with a wake-up circuit
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2009/00396 starting with prompting the keyless data carrier
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2009/00412 the transmitted data signal being encrypted
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2009/00555 comprising means to detect or avoid relay attacks
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2009/00793 by Hertzian waves
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2209/61 Signal comprising different frequencies, e.g. frequency hopping
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/00309 operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks

Abstract

A method of passive response communication, especially for an access control system, in which a first transponder (2) transmits an interrogation signal to a remote second transponder (3), which responds by transmitting data back to the first transponder (2), the two transponders each comprising a transmitter and a receiver, and a communication signal exchanged between said transponders (2, 3) in at least one direction including a plurality of anti-relay-attack pulses (13, 14). At least one distinguishing pulse (14) selected among the anti-relay-attack pulses has a distinctive shape and the receiver of said communication signal is selectively responsive to the shapes of said plurality of pulses (13, 14). Interception of the transmitted signal in a relay attack using digital transceivers will not relay the distinctive shape and the response of the second transponder is inhibited.

Claims

1. A method of passive response communication in which a first transponder transmits an interrogation signal to a remote second transponder, which responds by transmitting data back to the first transponder, the two transponders each comprising a transmitter and a receiver, and a communication signal exchanged between said transponders in at least one direction including a plurality of pulses, wherein at least one edge of at least one distinguishing pulse selected among said plurality of pulses has a rate of change different from the rate of change of a corresponding edge of at least another of said plurality of pulses so as to confer a distinctive shape on said distinguishing pulse and the receiver of said communication signal is selectively responsive to the shapes of said plurality of pulses.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiver of said communication signal is responsive to the time elapsed between the moment that said edge reaches a first value and the moment that said edge reaches a second value.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver is selectively responsive to relative values of both rise rate of change and fall rate of change of said plurality of pulses.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver is selectively responsive to relative values related to the respective shapes of said at least one distinguishing pulse and at least one other pulse among said plurality of said pulses.

5. A method as claimed in claims 4, wherein said receiver is selectively responsive to relative values of the respective differences between the rise time and fall time of said plurality of pulses.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one distinguishing pulse is selected randomly or pseudo-randomly at the transmitter of said communication signal and said communication signal includes an indication of which pulse is said at least one distinguishing pulse, the receiver of said communication signal being selectively responsive to the shape of a pulse corresponding to said indication.

7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said communication signal is an electromagnetic signal and the transmitter of said communication signal includes a tuned circuit having a first quality factor and a resistive element that is selectively connected with said tuned circuit whereby to modify said quality factor and differentiate the shapes of said plurality of pulses.

8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fall time of said at least one distinguishing pulse is shorter than the fall times of the others of said plurality of pulses and said resistive element is selectively connected with said tuned circuit so as to reduce said quality factor at the falling edge of said at least one distinguishing pulse.

9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fall time of said at least one distinguishing pulse is shorter than the fall times of the others of said plurality of pulses and the transmitter of said communication signal includes means for inverting the phase of the signal transmitted so as to reduce the fall time of said at least one distinguishing pulse.

10. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said interrogation signal is a signal of relatively low frequency and the signal transmitted back to said first transponder is a signal of relatively high frequency.

11. A method of access control comprising communication between first and second transponders by a method as claimed in claim 1, and selectively enabling access in response to said distinctive shape of said distinguishing pulse.

12. An access control system for controlling access by a method including passive response communication as claimed in claim 1, comprising a base station including said first transponder and a portable device including said second transponder, said base station being selectively responsive to reception of said data from said second transponder to enable access.

13. An access control system as claimed in claim 12, wherein said communication signal is transmitted with said at least one distinguishing pulse from said base station to said portable device and said portable device is selectively responsive to the shapes of said plurality of pulses to send said data to said base station.

14. A base station for an access control system as claimed in claim 12 and comprising said first transponder and means for enabling access in response to receipt of said data from said second transponder.

15. A portable device for an access control system as claimed in claim 12 and comprising said second transponder and means for storing said data.