Monitoring of chemical reactions

• US 20030047454A1
• Filed: 08/02/2002
• Published: 03/13/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 08/10/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of HULL
• Original Assignee: Micro Chemical Systems Limited
• Inventors: Zhang, Xunli, Haswell, Stephen J., Fletcher, Paul D.I.
• Granted Patent: US 6,989,090 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 204/450
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0093 Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors laboratory containers with capillary fluid transport in microfabricated channels or chambers B01L3/5027
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0086 Dimensions of the flow channels
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00952 Sensing operations
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00957 Compositions or concentrations
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5027 by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip B01L3/5023 takes precedence; micromixers B01F33/30; microreactors for synthesis B01J19/0093; microcapillary devices in general B81B1/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/10 Investigation or analysis specially adapted for controlling or monitoring operations or for signalling

Abstract

A reaction is performed in a micro-reactor (10), voltages being applied by a power supply (12), under the control of a processor (14), so as to cause the reagents to move and react in the channels (24′,30′,32′,34′,36′) of the micro-reactor (10). The power supply (12) also measures currents in the channels and relays this information to the processor (14). The currents are used to monitor progress of the reaction.

Claims

1. A method of monitoring a chemical reaction comprising, performing a chemical reaction in a fluid, the reaction altering the conductivity of the fluid, applying a voltage so as to generate a current in the fluid, measuring the current, and using the current measurement to monitor the reaction.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction involves a chemical, the fluid being a liquid, the voltage causing electrokinetic movement of the chemical.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said electrokinetic movement of the chemical comprises electroosmotic movement of the liquid.

4. A method according to claim 2, wherein said electrokinetic movement of the chemical comprises electrophoretic movement of the chemical.

5. A method according to claim 2, wherein said electrokinetic movement controls the reaction.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the chemical is a reagent in the reaction and said electrokinetic movement brings together the reagent with another reagent.

7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is thermodynamically independent of the current.

8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is performed in one or more channels in an apparatus, the apparatus having a first member with one or more grooves and a second member with a surface, the surface closing the one or more grooves to form the one or more channels.

9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the or each channel has a maximum cross-sectional dimension in the range of 10 μ

m to 500 μ

m.

10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is performed in one or more channels, the or each channel having a maximum cross-sectional dimension in the range of 10 μ

m to 500 μ

m.

11. A method according to claim 8, whenin the reaction involves a chemical, the fluid being a liquid, the voltage causing electrokinetic movement of the chemical, wherein said movement is movement along said one or more channels.

12. A method according to claim 10, wherein the reaction involved a chemical, the fluid being a liquid, the voltage causing electrokinetic movement of the chemical, wherein said movement is movement along said one or more channels.

13. A method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction involves the generation or removal of an ionised chemical causing or contributing to said altering the conductivity of the fluid.

14. A method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage applied is varied under the control of a processor.

15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the processor varies the voltage dependent on the current measurement.

16. An apparatus for monitoring a chemical reaction, the apparatus comprising a device having at least one channel for performing a chemical reaction in a fluid therein, a power source for applying a voltage to fluid in the at least one channel, and a current sensor for sensing a current passing through the fluid in the channel.

17. An apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the device comprises a first member having at least one groove and a second member having a surface, the surface closing the at least one groove to form said at least one channel.

18. An apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the or each channel has a maximum cross-sectional dimension in the range of 10 μ

m to 500 μ

m.