Method of detection of signals using an adaptive antenna in a peer-to-peer network

• US 20030048770A1
• Filed: 09/13/2001
• Published: 03/13/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 09/13/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: IPR Licensing Incorporated (InterDigital, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Tantivy Communications Incorporated (InterDigital, Inc.)
• Inventors: Proctor, James A. Jr.
• Granted Patent: US 7,224,685 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 370/349
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 25/002 providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/2605 Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0608 Antenna selection according to transmission parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/28 using beam steering

Abstract

An adaptive antenna signal identification process to provide increased interference rejection in a wireless data network such as a wireless Local Area Network (LAN). The adaptive antenna is located at an access point and can be steered to various angle of arrival orientations with respect to received signals. Associated radio receiving equipment utilizes two distinct signal detection modes. In a first mode, the directional antenna array is set to have an omni-directional gain pattern. In this mode, certain identification parameters of an initial portion of a received signal are detected, such as a source identifier. If the received signal has not been previously detected, then the antenna array is scanned determine a direction setting that provides a best received signal metric. Once the best directional setting for the received signal, that setting is saved for future use in receiving the same signal. If the received signal has been previously detected, the system instead will steer the directional antenna to the last known best direction for reception for the particular detected signal. As further portions of the same signal are received, such as payload portions of a data frame, the directional antenna array can continue to scan potential new best angles. When the invention is deployed in a relay function, where messages received from a first node are to be forwarded to a second node, the recorded direction of its best reception is retrieved for the second node and used when the antenna array is used to transmit the signal to the second node. Storage of the best antenna angle for propagation to neighbor nodes can be handled by control functions in a manner that is analogous to other router lookup tables, such as being contained in a lookup table that stores IP addresses.

Claims

1. A method for operating a wireless data communication system in which a first station communicates with a second station using a wireless physical layer signaling protocol, and the first station making use of a directional antenna, the method comprising the steps of:

determining when a wireless signal containing a data packet is being received by the first station;

determining an identification of a transmitting second station that transmitted the wireless signal to the first station from a first portion of the transmission from the second station;

using the determined identification of the second station to determine parameters for the directional antenna array; and

during reception of a subsequent portion of the signal transmission from the second station, steering the directional antenna according to the parameters for the identified second station.

2. A method as in claim 1 wherein the first station is an access point, and the second station is a remote station.

3. A method as in claim 1 wherein the first station is a remote station and the second station is an access point.

4. A method as in claim 1 wherein the first received portion is a preamble of a frame.

5. A method as in claim 1 wherein the first portion of the received signal is a first packet in a series of packets.

6. A method as in claim 1 wherein the subsequent transmission is a later portion of the frame.

7. A method as in claim 1 wherein the subsequent transmission is a later frame in a series of transmitted frames.

8. A method as in claim 1 wherein the directional antenna is a steerable array of multiple antenna elements.

9. A method as in claim 4 wherein the preamble portion of the data frame is encoded with a more robust modulation scheme than the following portions of the transmission.

10. A method as in claim 4 wherein the preamble portion may have one of a plurality of possible preamble formats.

11. A method as in claim 4 wherein the preamble portion contains sender identification and the payload is regarded as subsequently sent frames.

12. A method as in claim 1 wherein antenna array parameters are associated with the identification of the second station.

15. A method as in claim 1 additionally comprising the step of:

if it is not possible to determine an identification of antenna parameters from the identification of the second station,

searching for an antenna parameter setting to determine an optimum direction for receipt of communications from the second station.

16. A method as in claim 1 wherein the step of determining an identification of the transmitting second station occurs from a portion of the communication received while the antenna is operating in an omni-directional mode.

17. A method as in claim 1 wherein a robust, lower coded modulation type is used during transmission of a first portion, and a higher coded modulation type is used during a later portion of the transmission from the second station.

18. A method as in claim 17 wherein the identification information is located in the higher coded portion of the transmission.

19. A method as in claim 17 wherein the directional antenna is steered to the last known direction before later portions of the transmission are received.

20. A method as in claim 19 wherein the later portions of the transmission may also be subsequently transmitted data frames.

21. A method as in claim 7 additionally comprising the step of:

if identification of the transmitting second station is unknown, steering the directional antenna to determine an optimum direction for receipt of communications.

22. A method as in claim 21 wherein the identification is determined after the reception of a first frame.

23. A method as in claim 8 additionally comprising the step of:

after the optimum direction is determined, storing the direction information, together with the unit identification information, for use in subsequent processing of signals received from the identified unit.

24. A method as in claim 1 additionally comprising the step of:

sending a Clear to Send (CTS) indication from the first station to the second station;

listening for receipt of an acknowledgement of the Clear to Send signal;

if such acknowledgement is received, determining that the present setting of the directional antenna is sufficient; and

if the acknowledgement is not received, then determining a different angle for the transmission.

38. A method as in claim 5 additionally comprising the step of:

during a sequence of known series of transferred packets, steering the antenna array without concern for packet loss.

39. A method as in claim 38 additionally comprising the step of:

employing a packet acknowledgement mechanism to recover any lost data.

40. A method as in claim 38 additionally comprising the step of:

relying on a radio link control protocol (RLP) mechanism to recover lost packets.

13. A method as in claim 13 wherein the unit identification and antenna parameters are stored in a table associated with a network layer address associated with forwarding communications between the first and second station.

14. A method as in claim 13 wherein the network address is an Internet Protocol address and the first station performs routing functions for network layer messaging.

25. A method for operating a communication network in which a first station communicates with a second station using wireless physical layer signaling and comprising the steps of:

setting an omni-directional mode for an antenna array;

receiving transmissions at the first station from the second station;

determining an identification of the second station from the received transmission; and

steering the directional antenna array in the direction of the last known location for the identified unit.

26. A method as in claim 25 wherein the first station is an access point and the second station is a remote station.

27. A method as in claim 25 wherein the first station is a remote station and the second station is an access point.

28. A method as in claim 25 wherein the first portion of the transmission is a preamble of a data frame.

29. A method as in claim 25 wherein the first portion of the transmission is a first packet.

30. A method as in claim 25 wherein a subsequent transmission is a later portion of a data frame.

31. A method as in claim 25 wherein a subsequent transmission is a later transmitted packet.

32. A method as in claim 28 wherein the preamble portion is a complete data frame containing identification of a sender.

33. A method as in claim 25 wherein the step of determining identification of the transmitting second station occurs from a portion of the transmission received while the antenna is operating in the omni-directional mode.

34. A method as in claim 33 wherein identification is contained in a higher coded portion of the transmission.

35. A method as in claim 25 wherein the directional antenna is steered to the last known direction before later portions of the transmission begin.

36. A method as in claim 25 additionally comprising the step of:

if identification of the second station is not determined, steering the directional antenna through a series of candidate directions to determine an optimum direction for receipt of communications from the transmitting unit.

37. A method as in claim 36 additionally comprising the step of:

after the optimum direction is determined, storing the direction information, together with the unit identification information, for use in subsequent processing of signals received from the identified unit.

41. A method of operating a communication system in which a first and second station exchanges information, the communication occurring using wireless physical layer signaling, and the first station making use of a directional antenna, the method comprising the steps of:

determining when a wireless signal is being received from the second station at the first station;

utilizing messages at a protocol layer higher than the physical layer to control transmission and retransmission of data from a specific second station; and

using the transmitted messages at higher layer protocols to steer the antenna array.

42. A method as in claim 41 wherein the protocol attributes are used to force a retransmission of the data packet for the purpose of optimizing the antenna array steering.

43. A method as in claim 42 wherein the protocol attribute is an acknowledgement (ACK) returned from the first station to the second station.

44. A method as in claim 43 wherein the acknowledgement message is suppressed in order to force a retransmission from the second station to the first station.

45. A method as in claim 44 wherein the acknowledgment suppression is performed only upon one of a number, N, of transmissions to provide for reduction in duty cycle of the adaptation of the antenna.

46. A method as in claim 43 additionally comprising the step of:

after the first acknowledgement suppression, identifying the second station from which the transmission is being received to determine an angle for the antenna based upon the history of past transmissions from the specific second station.

47. A method as in claim 41 wherein the protocol units utilize Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS) protocol data units to ensure transmission of frames from a specific second station.

48. A method as in claim 41 wherein the protocol units are Point Coordination Function (PCF) entities that only request a specific second station to transmit.