Physical amount estimating apparatus, road surface friction condition estimating apparatus, steering angle neutral point estimating apparatus and air pressure reduction estimating apparatus

• US 20030051560A1
• Filed: 07/12/2002
• Published: 03/20/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 07/12/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Ono, Eiichi, Asano, Katsuhiro, Watanabe, Yoshitoshi, Muragishi, Yuji, Miyashita, Masanori
• Granted Patent: US 6,802,226 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 73/862.08
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2210/12 Friction
• CPC Class Codes: B62D 15/02 Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 19/02 Measuring coefficient of friction between materials testing of tyres G01M17/02; determinations of friction coefficient used in vehicle braking or traction control systems B60T8/172

Abstract

A physical amount estimating apparatus including first outputting means for outputting a first physical amount that does not include a hysteresis characteristic, second outputting means for outputting a second physical amount that has a predetermined physical relationship to the first physical amount and includes a hysteresis characteristic, hysteresis removing means for calculating a corrected value with the hysteresis characteristic removed therefrom based on the second physical amount, and estimating means for estimating a third physical amount based on a physical relationship between the first physical amount and the corrected value.

Claims

1. A physical amount estimating apparatus comprising:

first outputting means for outputting a first physical amount that does not include a hysteresis characteristic;

second outputting means for outputting a second physical amount that has a predetermined physical relationship to the first physical amount and includes a hysteresis characteristic;

hysteresis removing means for calculating a corrected value with the hysteresis characteristic removed therefrom, based on the second physical amount; and

estimating means for estimating a third physical amount based on a physical relationship between the first physical amount and the corrected value.

2. The physical amount estimating means according to claim 1 wherein:

the first physical amount is a physical amount related to a steering state of a steered wheel;

the second physical amount is an estimated value of a self aligning torque estimated from a steering torque and an assist torque;

the corrected value is a corrected value of the self aligning torque calculated from the estimated value of the self aligning torque; and

the third physical amount is a physical amount related to one of a wheel state and a road state while a vehicle is driven.

3. The physical amount estimating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the physical amount related to the steering state of the steered wheel is a slip angle.

4. The physical amount estimating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the hysteresis removing means calculates the corrected value of the self aligning torque by calculating equations, which each include a gradient represented by a ratio of a change in the corrected value of the self aligning torque to a change in the estimated value of the self aligning torque, and which equations are different for respective regions due to a gradient in a region, where the estimated value of the self aligning torque varies due to Coulomb friction, being made smaller than gradients of regions other than the region.

5. The physical amount estimating apparatus according to claim 2 wherein:

the hysteresis removing means determines whether a current value of the estimated value of the self aligning torque falls in a hysteresis region due to the Coulomb friction, using the current value of the estimated value of the self aligning torque, a preceding value of the estimated value of the self aligning torque and a preceding value of the corrected value of the self aligning torque; and

the hysteresis removing means calculates the current value of the corrected value of the self aligning torque such that;

when the current value of the estimated value of the self aligning torque falls in the hysteresis region, a magnitude of change in the corrected value, calculated using a difference between the current value of the corrected value of the self aligning torque and the preceding value of the corrected value of the self aligning torque, becomes smaller than a magnitude of change in the estimated value, calculated using a difference between the current value of the estimated value of the self aligning torque and the previous value of the estimated value of the self aligning torque; and

when the current value of the estimated value of the self aligning torque falls outside of the hysteresis region, the change in the estimated value coincide with each other.

6. The physical amount estimating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the estimating means estimates the physical amount related to one of a wheel state and a road state while the vehicle is driven, based on the physical amount related to the steering state of the steered wheel and the corrected value of the self aligning torque, or based on a reference value of the self aligning torque, which is set in accordance with the physical amount related to the steering state of the steered wheel, and the corrected value of the self aligning torque.

7. The physical amount estimating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the estimating means estimates the physical amount related to one of a wheel state and a road state while the vehicle is driven, based on a gradient of the corrected value of the self aligning torque, represented by a ratio of a change in the corrected value of the self aligning torque to a change in the physical amount related to the steering state of the steered wheel.

8. The physical amount estimating apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:

the first physical amount is a physical amount related to a steering state of a steered wheel;

the second physical amount is an estimated value of a self aligning torque, estimated from a steering torque and an assist torque;

the corrected value is a reference value of a slip angle, calculated from the estimated value of the self aligning torque; and

the third physical amount is a physical amount related to one of a wheel state and a road state while a vehicle is driven.

9. The physical amount estimating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the hysteresis removing means calculates the reference value of the slip angle by calculating equations, which each include a gradient represented by a ratio of a change in the reference value of the slip angle to a change in the estimated value of the self aligning torque, and which equations are different for respective regions due to a gradient of a region, where the estimated value of the self aligning torque varies due to Coulomb friction, being made smaller than gradients of regions other than the region.

10. The physical amount estimating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the physical amount related to the steering state of the steered wheel is a slip angle, and the estimating means estimates the physical amount related to one of the wheel state and the road state while the vehicle is driven, based on the slip angle of the steered wheel and the reference value of the slip angle.

11. The physical amount estimating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the wheel state is a reduction in an air pressure of a wheel and the road state is a road surface friction condition.

12. The physical amount estimating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the wheel state is a reduction in an air pressure of a wheel and the road state is a road surface friction condition.

13. A road surface friction condition estimating apparatus comprising:

a steering angle sensor for detecting a steering angle;

a vehicle speed sensor for detecting a vehicle speed;

a torque sensor for detecting a steering torque;

an assist torque sensor for detecting an assist torque of steering;

slip angle estimating means for estimating a slip angle of a steered wheel, based on the steering angle and the vehicle speed;

self aligning torque estimating means for estimating a self aligning torque based on the steering torque and the assist torque;

hysteresis removing means for calculating a corrected value with a hysteresis characteristic removed therefrom, based on an estimated value of the self aligning torque; and

friction state estimating means for estimating a road surface friction condition from the corrected value and the slip angle.

14. The road surface friction condition estimating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the hysteresis removing means calculates a reference value of the slip angle with regard to the estimated value of the self aligning torque, based on a relationship between the estimated value of the self aligning torque and the slip angle, as the corrected value.

15. The road surface friction condition estimating apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the reference value of the slip angle is calculated by calculating equations, which each include a gradient represented by a ratio of a change in the reference value of the slip angle to a change in the estimated value of the self aligning torque, and which equations are different for respective regions due to a gradient of a region, where the estimated value of the self aligning torque varies due to Coulomb friction, being made smaller than gradients of regions other than the region.

16. The road surface friction condition estimating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the hysteresis removing means calculates the corrected value of the self aligning torque with the hysteresis characteristic removed therefrom, using the estimated value of the self aligning torque, as the corrected value.

17. The road surface friction condition estimating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the corrected value of the self aligning torque is calculated by calculating equations, which each include a gradient represented by a ratio of a change in the corrected value of the self aligning torque to a change in the estimated value of the self aligning torque, and which equations are different for respective regions due to a gradient of a region, where the estimated value of the self aligning torque varies due to Coulomb friction, being made smaller than gradients of regions other than the region.

18. A steering angle neutral point estimating apparatus comprising:

a steering angle sensor for detecting a steering angle;

a torque sensor for detecting a steering torque;

an assist torque sensor for detecting an assist torque of steering;

self aligning torque estimating means for estimating a self aligning torque based on the steering torque and the assist torque;

hysteresis removing means for calculating a corrected value with a hysteresis characteristic removed therefrom, making a value when an estimated value of the self aligning torque becomes 0 an initial value, based on the estimated value of the self aligning torque; and

neutral point estimating means for estimating the steering angle when the corrected value becomes 0 as a neutral point of the steering angle, based on the corrected value and the steering angle.

19. An air pressure reduction estimating apparatus comprising:

a steering angle sensor for detecting a steering angle;

a vehicle speed sensor for detecting a vehicle speed;

a torque sensor for detecting a steering torque;

an assist torque sensor for detecting an assist torque of steering;

slip angle estimating means for estimating a slip angle of a steered wheel based on the steering angle and the vehicle speed;

self aligning torque estimating means for estimating a self aligning torque based on the steering torque and the assist torque;

hysteresis removing means for calculating a corrected value of the self aligning torque with a hysteresis characteristic removed therefrom, based on an estimated value of the self aligning torque; and

air pressure reduction estimating means for estimating whether an air pressure of a tire is reduced, based on the corrected value of the self aligning torque and the slip angle.

20. The air pressure reduction estimating apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the hysteresis removing means calculates the corrected value of the self aligning torque by calculating equations, which each include a gradient represented by a ratio of a change in the corrected value of the self aligning torque to a change in the estimated value of the self aligning torque, and which equations are different for respective regions due to a gradient of a region, where the estimated value of the self aligning torque varies due to Coulomb friction, being made smaller than gradients of regions other than the region.

21. The air pressure reduction estimating apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the air pressure reduction estimating means estimates whether the air pressure of the tire is reduced, based on the corrected value of the self aligning torque and a reference value of the self aligning torque, which is set in accordance with the slip angle of the steered wheel, or based on a gradient of the corrected value of the self aligning torque, represented by a ratio of a change in the corrected value of the self aligning torque to a change in the slip angle.

22. An air pressure reduction estimating apparatus comprising:

a lateral acceleration sensor for detecting a lateral acceleration;

a yaw angular velocity sensor for detecting a yaw angular velocity;

a torque sensor for detecting a steering torque;

an assist torque sensor for detecting an assist torque of steering;

side force estimating means for estimating a side force of a steered wheel based on the lateral acceleration and the yaw angular velocity;

self aligning torque estimating means for estimating a self aligning torque based on the steering torque and the assist torque;

hysteresis removing means for calculating a corrected value of the self aligning torque with a hysteresis characteristic removed therefrom, based on an estimated value of the self aligning torque; and

air pressure reduction estimating means for estimating whether an air pressure of a tire is reduced, based on the corrected value of the self aligning torque and the side force.

23. The air pressure reduction estimating apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the hysteresis removing means calculates the corrected value of the self aligning torque by calculating equations, which each include a gradient represented by a ratio of a change in the corrected value of the self aligning torque to a change in the estimated value of the self aligning torque, and which equations are different for respective regions due to a gradient of a region, where the estimated value of the self aligning torque varies due to Coulomb friction, being made smaller than gradients of regions other than the region.

24. The air pressure reduction estimating apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the air pressure reduction estimating means estimates whether an air pressure of a tire is reduced, based on the corrected value of the self aligning torque and a reference value of the self aligning torque, which is set in accordance with the side force of the steered wheel, or based on a gradient of the corrected value of the self aligning torque, represented by a ratio of a change in the corrected value of the self aligning torque to a change in the side force.