Methods for electronic synthesis of complex structures
First Claim
1. An electronically self-addressable device, comprising:
- a substrate;
an electrode, said electrode being supported by said substrate;
a current source operatively connected to said electrode; and
an attachment layer adjacent to said electrode, wherein said layer is permeable to a counterion but not permeable to a molecule capable of insulating or binding to said electrode and said layer is capable of attaching a macromolecule.
0 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
A self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic device is designed and fabricated to actively carry out and control multi-step and multiplex molecular biological reactions in microscopic formats. These reactions include nucleic acid hybridizations, antibody/antigen reactions, diagnostics, and biopolymer synthesis. The device can be fabricated using both microlithographic and micro-machining techniques. The device can electronically control the transport and attachment of specific binding entities to specific micro-locations. The specific binding entities include molecular biological molecules such as nucleic acids and polypeptides. The device can subsequently control the transport and reaction of analytes or reactants at the addressed specific micro-locations. The device is able to concentrate analytes and reactants, remove non-specifically bound molecules, provide stringency control for DNA hybridization reactions, and improve the detection of analytes. The device can be electronically replicated.
92 Citations
94 Claims
-
1. An electronically self-addressable device, comprising:
-
a substrate;
an electrode, said electrode being supported by said substrate;
a current source operatively connected to said electrode; and
an attachment layer adjacent to said electrode, wherein said layer is permeable to a counterion but not permeable to a molecule capable of insulating or binding to said electrode and said layer is capable of attaching a macromolecule. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
-
-
18. An electronically self-addressable device, comprising:
-
a substrate;
a plurality of electrodes, each said electrode being disposed upon said substrate;
a current source operatively connected to said plurality of electrodes; and
an attachment layer adjacent each said electrode, wherein said layer is permeable to a counterion but not permeable to a molecule capable of insulating or binding to each said electrode and said layer is capable of attaching a macromolecule. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)
-
-
32. Method for electronically controlling nucleic acid hybridization, comprising the steps of:
-
providing a location connected to an electrical source;
contacting a first nucleic acid with a second nucleic acid, wherein said second nucleic acid is attached to said location; and
placing said location at a negative potential for a sufficient time, wherein said first nucleic acid is removed from said second nucleic acid if said first nucleic acid is a non-specific nucleic acid sequence to said second nucleic acid, but not removed if said first nucleic acid is a specific nucleic acid sequence to said second nucleic acid. - View Dependent Claims (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54)
-
-
55. Method for electronically controlling nucleic acid hybridization, comprising the steps of:
-
providing a location connected to an electrical source;
contacting a plurality of nucleic acids with a target nucleic acid, wherein said target nucleic acid is attached to said location; and
placing said location at a negative potential for a sufficient time, wherein a non-specific nucleic acid sequence to said target nucleic acid but not a specific nucleic acid sequence from said plurality of nucleic acids is removed from said target nucleic acid.
-
-
56. Method for electronically concentrating an electrically charged entity in a solution at a location, comprising the steps of;
-
contacting said solution with a first location including a first underlying electrode, and a second location including a second underlying electrode; and
placing said first location at an opposite charge to said entity, relative to said second location, thereby concentrating said entity on said first location but not said second location. - View Dependent Claims (57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64)
-
-
65. Method for electronically transporting a charged entity in a solution from a first location to a second location, comprising the steps of:
-
contacting said solution with said first and second locations;
placing said first location at an opposite charge to said entity, relative to said second location, thereby transporting said entity to said first location; and
thereafter, placing said second location at an opposite charge to said entity, relatively to said first location, thereby transporting said nucleic acid from said first location to said second location. - View Dependent Claims (66, 67)
-
-
68. Method for electronically controlled synthesis of biopolymers on a plurality of locations, comprising the steps of:
-
providing a plurality of reaction locations on a substrate, wherein each reaction location is individually electronically addressable;
forming an attachment layer upon each reaction location;
contacting said plurality of reaction locations with a solution comprising a charged monomer-A;
selectively biasing a designated A location at which reaction A is to occur at an opposite charge to monomer-A, and biasing another location at which no reaction A is to occur the same charge as monomer-A, thereby concentrating and reacting monomer A on said A location;
thereafter, removing the unreacted monomer-A from said plurality of reaction locations;
contacting said plurality of reaction locations with a solution comprising a charged monomer-B;
selectively biasing said A location at the opposite charge of monomer-B, and biasing another location at which no reaction B is to occur the same charge as monomer-B, thereby concentrating and reacting monomer B on said A location to form dimer A-B. - View Dependent Claims (69, 70)
-
-
71. Method for replicating a master self-addressable electronic device addressed with specific nucleic acid sequences, comprising the steps of:
-
providing complimentary sequences to said specific nucleic acid sequences and hybridizing said complimentary sequences to said specific nucleic acid sequences addressed on said master device;
aligning unaddressed locations on a recipient self-addressable electronic device with the addressed locations on said master device; and
biasing the locations on said master device negative and the locations on said recipient device positive, thereby transporting said complimentary sequences to said unaddressed locations on said recipient device. - View Dependent Claims (72)
-
-
73. A self-addressable electronic device for genetic typing, comprising:
-
a plurality of electronically addressable locations each comprising an electrode; and
a binding entity attached to each of said plurality of locations, wherein each said entity is capable of detecting the presence of a genetic sequence. - View Dependent Claims (74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81)
-
-
82. Method for electronically controlled genetic typing, comprising the steps of:
-
providing a plurality of electronically addressable locations each comprising an electrode;
attaching a binding entity to each of said plurality of locations, wherein each said entity is capable of detecting the presence of a genetic sequence;
contacting a sample with said plurality of locations;
determining the genetic profile of said sample by detecting the presence or absence of said genetic sequence at each of said plurality of locations.
-
-
83. Method for electronically controlled enzymatic reaction at an addressable location, comprising the steps of:
-
providing an electronically addressable location comprising an electrode;
contacting a substrate with said location;
placing said location at an opposite charge to said substrate, thereby concentrating said substrate on said location;
attaching said substrate to said location;
contacting an enzyme with said location;
placing said location at an opposite charge to said enzyme, thereby concentrating said enzyme on said location; and
allowing said enzyme to react with said substrate on said location. - View Dependent Claims (84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90)
-
-
91. Method for electronically controlled amplification of nucleic acid, comprising the steps of:
-
(1) providing an electronically addressable location comprising an electrode;
(2) providing an oligonucleotide primer Y attached to said location;
(3) contacting a single stranded nucleic acid X with said location, wherein said primer Y specifically hybridizes to said nucleic acid X;
(4) placing said location at an opposite charge to said nucleic acid X, thereby concentrating said nucleic acid X on said location and hybridizing said nucleic acid X to said primer Y;
(5) contacting a nucleic acid polymerase with said location;
(6) placing said location at an opposite charge to said polymerase, thereby concentrating said polymerase on said location and allowing said polymerase to synthesize a nucleic acid Y from said primer Y on said location;
(7) placing said location at a negative potential for a sufficient time to remove said nucleic acid X from said location;
(8) contacting an oligonucleotide primer X with said location, wherein said primer X specifically hybridizes to said nucleic acid Y;
(9) placing said location at an opposite charge to said primer X, thereby concentrating said primer X on said location and hybridizing said primer X to said nucleic acid Y;
(10) placing said location at an opposite charge to said polymerase, thereby concentrating said polymerase on said location and allowing said polymerase to synthesize a nucleic acid from said primer X on said location.
-
-
92. Method for electronically controlling binding between macromolecules, comprising the steps of:
-
contacting a charged first macromolecule with a second macromolecule in a direct current electric field, wherein said second macromolecule is attached to a location;
placing said location at a potential opposite to the charge of said first macromolecule for a sufficient time, wherein said first macromolecule is removed from said second molecule if said first macromolecule does not specifically bind to said second macromolecule, but not removed if said first macromolecule specifically binds to said second macromolecule. - View Dependent Claims (93, 94)
-
Specification