Lens-focused ultrasonic applicator for medical applications

• US 20030060736A1
• Filed: 05/16/2002
• Published: 03/27/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 05/14/1999
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: University of Washington
• Original Assignee: University of Washington
• Inventors: Vaezy, Shahram, Martin, Roy W.
• Application Number:
  US10/147,202
• Publication Number:
  US 20030060736A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 601/2
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/22004 using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves A61B17/225 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/2251 characterised by coupling elements between the apparatus, e.g. shock wave apparatus or locating means, and the patient, e.g. details of bags, pressure control of bag on patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/3203 Fluid jet cutting instruments
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/14 Probes or electrodes therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/320069 for ablating tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00017 with gas
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00023 closed, i.e. without wound contact by the fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/0813 Accessories designed for easy sterilising, i.e. re-usable
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/4272 involving the acoustic interface between the transducer and the tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/02 using microwaves
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/025 Warming the body, e.g. hyperthermia treatment
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 7/00 Ultrasound therapy lithotripsy A61B17/22, A61B17/225; massage using supersonic vibration A61H23/00 ; using ultrasound for introducing media into the body A61M37/0092
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 7/02 Localised ultrasound hyperthermia hyperthermia in general A61F7/00
• CPC Class Codes: B06B 3/00 Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency

Abstract

A medical instrument uses solid tapered cones mounted to a preferably substantially planar ultrasound transducer. A lens couples the ultrasound waves from the transducer and focuses and concentrates the ultrasound energy to an emitting tip so very high levels of ultrasound can be delivered to the tissue adjacent to the tip. Variable curvature geometries are employed at the tip aid in transferring the energy from the tip to the tissue.

Claims

1. A method for producing a therapeutic, high intensity, focused, ultrasonic energy pattern, the method comprising:

generating an ultrasonic wave with a substantially flat transducer;

focusing the ultrasonic wave with a lens into a solid material such that the wave converges towards an emitting tip of said material; and

coupling the tip to living tissue such that an ultrasound focal region having said pattern is formed at a target within the living tissue.

2. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the lens and said solid material are geometrically shaped and disposed for mounting said transducer thereto such that said lens confines said beam to said solid material until the wave reaches said tip.

3. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein said solid material is a solid coupler, the coupler having a predetermined geometric apex as said tip and, prior to the wave reaching the apex, subjecting the wave to the lens and redirecting the sonic wave wherein the sonic wave is transmitted through the coupler within a predetermined external boundary layer of the coupler.

4. The method as set forth in claim 3 comprising:

tailoring transducer geometry, lens geometry, and coupler geometry, and transducer generating frequency to specific therapeutic tasks.

9. The device as set forth in claim 4, comprising:

when said ultrasound is a continually generated wave having a projection direction from said transducing means, said ultrasound is generated at a frequency such that reflected ultrasound within said coupling means from said tip toward said transducing means and said wave are in-phase with each other in the projection direction, providing constructive reinforcement.

10. The device as set forth in claim 1, comprising:

said lens means is a multi-element lens.

5. A high intensity focused ultrasonic device for performing medical procedures, comprising:

transducing means for generating high intensity ultrasound;

mounted to the transducing means, coupling means for transmitting the ultrasound toward an emitting tip of the coupling means, wherein the coupling means is formed of a solid material; and

coupling the transducing means and the coupling means, lens means for focusing the ultrasound, confining the ultrasound to said coupling means until transmission from said emitting tip.

6. The device as set forth in claim 5, comprising:

the transducing means is a substantially flat piezoelectric element.

7. The device as set forth in claim 5, comprising:

the emitting tip is a truncated tip of a predetermined geometric shape coupling means, the tip having a predetermined geometry for either refocusing the ultrasound into a beam for a focus to a predetermined focal length or for spreading the ultrasound beam immediately adjacent the tip.

8. The device as set forth in claim 7, comprising:

said truncated tip is disposed at an angle to a center line of the coupling tip.

11. A high intensity focused ultrasound medical instrument comprising:

a handle;

mounted to the handle, a housing including a cavity;

mounted with the housing, a transducer having a substantially planar geometry for providing ultrasound waves;

a solid material ultrasound applicator, having an applicator backside having a planar geometry substantially identical to the geometry of the transducer and an emitting tip; and

a lens mounted between the transducer and the applicator such that the waves are focused so as to be confined to said applicator until being emitted from said emitting tip.

12. The instrument as set forth in claim 11, comprising:

the emitting tip has a geometric construction adapted for facilitating reaching selective target regions within living tissue during medical procedures.

13. The instrument as set forth in claim 11 further comprising:

means for controlling frequency of the ultrasound such that ultrasound reflected from said tip back through said applicator and bouncing off said lens reinforce said ultrasound waves.

14. The instrument as set forth in claim 11, comprising:

the applicator has outer boundary wider than the taper of a sonic beam pattern imposed by the lens in order to minimizes reflections and mode conversions at the boundary.

15. A method for fabricating a high intensity focused ultrasound device, the method comprising:

using a solid material, forming an ultrasound applicator having a predetermined geometry extending from a substantially planar rear applicator surface plane to an emitting tip surface;

adjacent said rear surface plane and within said solid material, forming a lens for focusing ultrasound such that the ultrasound is confined to said solid material until reaching said emitting tip surface and wherein said lens has a substantially planar lens surface coplanar to and said applicator surface plane; and

mounting a planar transducer to said planar lens surface.

16. The method as set forth in claim 15 comprising:

choosing the position of each position (x_i, y_i) of the lens front so that time required for an ultrasound wave to travel from (0,y_i) to (x_i,y_i) plus time from (x_i,y_i) to (x_f,0), where x_f is the tip surface position, is equal to t_max, where

t_max=(x_i/c₁)+(((x_f−

x_i)²+y_i²)^1/2)/c₂),

and where c₁ is the speed of ultrasound at a predetermined frequency in the lens and c₂ is the speed of ultrasound of the predetermined frequency in the solid material.

17. The method as set forth in claim 16 comprising:

calculating the value of x_i for each y_i value chosen in accordance with the equation

x_i=(−

b±

(b²−

4ac)^1/2)/2a,

where;

a=(ic₁²−

ic₂²),

b=2(x_fic₂²−

c_it_max),

c=(t_max²−

ic₂²x_f²−

ic₂²y_i²),

ic₁=1/c₁, and

ic₂=1/c₂.