Method for stabilizing flux and decreasing lag-time during iontophoresis

US 20030065305A1
Filed: 08/21/2002
Published: 04/03/2003
Est. Priority Date: 07/23/2001
Status: Abandoned Application

First Claim

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1. A method of decreasing flux variability in an iontophoretic device used to transport a compound of interest through a localized region of a patient'"'"'s body tissue, comprising:

(a) applying a current to the localized region of body tissue at a level sufficient to effect iontophoretic transport of the compound of interest therethrough;

(b) either prior to, during, or both prior to and during application of the current, applying to the localized region of body tissue an amount of at least one polyelectrolyte effective to stabilize the rate of flux of the compound of interest through the localized region of body tissue.

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Abstract

An iontophoretic method for transporting compounds of interest across a body tissue is provided. The method can be used to extract analytes or deliver drugs. The method utilizes a polyelectrolyte and provides for the maintenance of a substantially constant flux across a localized region of the tissue through which transport occurs, thereby allowing a compound of interest to be transported across the tissue in a controlled and predictable manner. In addition, the presence of the polyclectrolyte reduces the lag-time of molecular transport through the body tissue.

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136 Claims

1. A method of decreasing flux variability in an iontophoretic device used to transport a compound of interest through a localized region of a patient'"'"'s body tissue, comprising:
- (a) applying a current to the localized region of body tissue at a level sufficient to effect iontophoretic transport of the compound of interest therethrough;
  
  (b) either prior to, during, or both prior to and during application of the current, applying to the localized region of body tissue an amount of at least one polyelectrolyte effective to stabilize the rate of flux of the compound of interest through the localized region of body tissue.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69)
- - 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyelectrolyte has a molecular weight of about 200 Da or greater.
  - 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the polyelectrolyte has a molecular weight within the range of about 200-1000 Da.
  - 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the polyelectrolyte has a molecular weight within the range of about 1000-10,000 Da.
  - 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the polyelectrolyte has a molecular weight greater than 10,000 Da.
  - 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of cationic polyelectrolytes, anionic polyelectrolytes, nonionic polyelectrolytes, amphoteric polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof.
  - 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of cationic polyelectrolytes, anionic polyelectrolytes, and amphoteric polyelectrolytes, and comprises at least one ionic group selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, carboxylates, phosphates, and quaternary ammonium groups.
  - 8. The method of claim 6 wherein the polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of acrylamides, addition polymers, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, polyamines, polycarboxylic acid salts, polyethylenes, polyimines, polystyrenes, and mixtures thereof.
  - 9. The method of claim 6 wherein the polyelectrolyte is a cationic polyelectrolyte.
  - 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the cationic polyelectrolyte comprises an ionic group selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium;
    - primary, secondary, or tertiary amines charged at the reservoir solution pH;
      
      heterocyclic compounds charged at reservoir solution pH;
      
      sulfonium; and
      
      phosphonium groups.
  - 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the cationic polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of addition polymers, aminated styrenes, cholestyramine, polyimines, aminated polysaccharides, and mixtures thereof.
  - 12. The method of claim 6 wherein the polyelectrolyte is an anionic polyelectrolyte.
  - 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte comprises an anion selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate and phosphate groups.
  - 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of acrylamides, alginate, alginic acid, addition polymers, hyaluronate, oligosaccharides, pectic acid, polyacrylic acids, polysaccharides, polystyrenesulfonic acids, polyvinylphosphonic acids, and mixtures thereof.
  - 15. The method of claim 6 wherein the polyelectrolyte is an amphoteric polyelectrolyte.
  - 16. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of heparin and heparin derivatives, anionic and cationic liposomes, anionic and cationic micelles, polyamines, polyethylenes, polysaccharides, and mixtures thereof.
  - 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of agaroses, celluloses, dextrans, and starch.
  - 18. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyelectrolyte is an ion exchange material.
  - 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the ion exchange material is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acids, polyacrylic sulfonic acids, polyacrylic phosphoric acids and polyacrylic glycolic acids, polyvinyl amines, polystyrenes, poly epichlorohydrin/tetraethylenetriamines, and polymers having pendent amine groups.
  - 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the ion exchange material is a strongly acidic cation exchange resin.
  - 21. The method of claim 18 wherein the ion exchange material is a weakly acidic cation exchange resin.
  - 22. The method of claim 18 wherein the ion exchange material is a strongly basic anion exchange resin.
  - 23. The method of claim 18 wherein the ion exchange material is a weakly basic anion exchange resin.
  - 24. The method of claim 18 wherein the ion exchange material is a mixed bed resin.
  - 25. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyelectrolyte comprises from about less than 1 wt % to greater than 90 wt % of the net reservoir weight.
  - 26. The method of claim 25 wherein the polyelectrolyte comprises about 0.01-99 wt % of the net reservoir weight.
  - 27. The method of claim 26 wherein the polyelectrolyte comprises about 0.25-30 wt % of the net reservoir weight.
  - 28. The method of claim 1 wherein the iontophoretic device further comprises a membrane positioned between the polyelectrolyte and the localized region of body tissue, wherein the membrane has a pore size sufficient to prevent transport of polyclectrolyte therethrough and sufficient to permit transport of the compound of interest therethrough.
  - 29. The method of claim 1 wherein the current is an alternating current.
  - 30. The method of claim 29 wherein the current is applied to the localized region of the body tissue for a time period within the range of approximately 2 minutes to greater than 72 hours.
  - 31. The method of claim 30 wherein the time period is within the range of approximately 12-72 hours.
  - 32. The method of claim 29 wherein the current is applied at a voltage level within the range of about 1-75 V.
  - 33. The method of claim 32 wherein the voltage level is within the range of about 1-45 V.
  - 34. The method of claim 29 which further comprises applying a direct current prepulse prior to step (a).
  - 35. The method of claim 29 which further comprises superimposing a direct current over the alternating current during step (a).
  - 36. The method of claim 1 wherein the current is a direct current.
  - 37. The method of claim 36 wherein the current is applied to the localized region of the body tissue for a time period within the range of approximately 2 minutes to greater than 72 hours.
  - 38. The method of claim 37 wherein the time period is within the range of approximately 12-72 hours.
  - 39. The method of claim 36 wherein the current is applied at a level within the range of about 0.01-0.5 mA/cm².
  - 40. The method of claim 39 wherein the current is applied at a level within the range of about 0.1-0.5 mA/cm².
  - 41. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyelectrolyte is applied to the localized region of body tissue prior to application of the current.
  - 42. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyelectrolyte is applied to the localized region of body tissue during application of the current.
  - 43. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyelectrolyte is applied to the localized region of body tissue both prior to and during application of the current.
  - 44. The method of claim 1 wherein the body tissue is skin.
  - 45. The method of claim 1 wherein the body tissues is ocular tissue
  - 46. The method of claim 45 wherein the ocular tissue is selected from the group consisting of conjunctiva, sclera and cornea.
  - 47. The method of claim 1 wherein the body tissue is mucosal tissue.
  - 48. The method of claim 1 wherein the localized region of body tissue has an area within the range of about 0.1-100 cm².
  - 49. The method of claim 1 that provides for at least a 25% decrease in variability in the flux compared to the variability in the flux in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 50. The method of claim 49 that provides for at least a 50% decrease in variability in the flux compared to the variability in the flux in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 51. The method of claim 50 that provides for at least a 75% decrease in variability in the flux compared to the variability in the flux in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 52. The method of claim 49 wherein the decreased variability is expressed as decreased intrasubject variability.
  - 53. The method of claim 49 wherein the decreased variability is expressed as decreased intersubject variability.
  - 54. The method of claim 1 which further provides for at least a 50% enhanced flux of the compound of interest compared to the flux in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 55. The method of claim 54 which further provides for at least a 100% enhanced flux of the compound of interest compared to the flux in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 56. The method of claim 55 which further provides for at least a 200% enhanced flux of the compound of interest compared to the flux in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 57. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound of interest is a charged species.
  - 58. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound of interest is an uncharged species.
  - 59. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound of interest is an analyte extracted from within the patient'"'"'s body, such that analyte is transported from beneath the localized region to the exterior of the body.
  - 60. The method of claim 59 wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of glucose, galactose, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and amino acids.
  - 61. The method of claim 60 wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of phenylalanine and tyrosine.
  - 62. The method of claim 59 wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of diseases state markers, pharmacologically active agents, substances of abuse, electrolytes, minerals, hormones, amino acids, peptides, metal ions, nucleic acids, genes, enzymes, toxic agents, metabolites, conjugates, prodrugs, analogs and derivatives thereof.
  - 63. The method of claim 59 wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, organic acids, alcohols, fatty acids, cholesterol and cholesterol-based compounds, amino acids, zinc, iron, copper, magnesium, potassium, and metabolites, conjugates, prodrugs, analogs and derivatives thereof.
  - 64. The method of claim 59 wherein the analyte is a pharmacologically active agent that has been administered to the patient.
  - 65. The method of claim 64 wherein the pharmacologically active agent is selected from the group consisting of β
    - -agonists;
      
      analeptic agents;
      
      analgesic agents;
      
      anesthetic agents;
      
      anti-angiogenic agents;
      
      anti-arthritic agents;
      
      anti-asthmatic agents;
      
      antibiotics;
      
      anticancer agents;
      
      anticholinergic agents;
      
      anticoagulant agents;
      
      anticonvulsant agents;
      
      antidepressant agents;
      
      antidiabetic agents;
      
      antidiarrheal agents;
      
      anti-emetic agents;
      
      anti-epileptic agents;
      
      antihelminthic agents;
      
      antihistamines;
      
      antihyperlipidemic agents;
      
      antihypertensive agents;
      
      anti-infective agents;
      
      anti-inflammatory agents;
      
      antimetabolites;
      
      antimigraine agents;
      
      antiparkinsonism drugs;
      
      antipruritic agents;
      
      antipsychotic agents;
      
      antipyretic agents;
      
      antispasmodic agents;
      
      antitubercular agents;
      
      anti-ulcer agents;
      
      antiviral agents;
      
      anxiolytic agents;
      
      appetite suppressants;
      
      attention deficit disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs;
      
      cardiovascular agents;
      
      central nervous system stimulants;
      
      cytotoxic drugs;
      
      diuretics;
      
      genetic materials;
      
      hormonolytics;
      
      hypnotics;
      
      hypoglycemic agents;
      
      immunosuppressive agents;
      
      muscle relaxants;
      
      narcotic antagonists;
      
      neuroprotective agents;
      
      nicotine;
      
      nutritional agents;
      
      parasympatholytics;
      
      peptide drugs;
      
      psychostimulants;
      
      sedatives;
      
      steroids;
      
      smoking cessation agents;
      
      sympathomimetics;
      
      photoactive agents;
      
      tocolytic agents;
      
      tranquilizers;
      
      vasodilators; and
      
      active metabolites thereof.
  - 66. The method of claim 65 wherein at least two analytes are extracted concurrently.
  - 67. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound of interest is a pharmacologically active agent to be delivered into the patient'"'"'s body.
  - 68. The method of claim 67 wherein the pharmacologically active agent is selected from the group consisting of β
    - -agonists;
      
      analeptic agents;
      
      analgesic agents;
      
      anesthetic agents;
      
      anti-angiogenic agents;
      
      anti-arthritic agents;
      
      anti-asthmatic agents;
      
      antibiotics;
      
      anticancer agents;
      
      anticholinergic agents;
      
      anticoagulant agents;
      
      anticonvulsant agents;
      
      antidepressant agents;
      
      antidiabetic agents;
      
      antidiarrheal agents;
      
      anti-emetic agents;
      
      anti-epileptic agents;
      
      antihelminthic agents;
      
      antihistamines;
      
      antihyperlipidemic agents;
      
      antihypertensive agents;
      
      anti-infective agents;
      
      anti-inflammatory agents;
      
      antimetabolites;
      
      antimigraine agents;
      
      antiparkinsonism drugs;
      
      antipruritic agents;
      
      antipsychotic agents;
      
      antipyretic agents;
      
      antispasmodic agents;
      
      antitubercular agents;
      
      anti-ulcer agents;
      
      antiviral agents;
      
      anxiolytic agents;
      
      appetite suppressants;
      
      attention deficit disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs;
      
      cardiovascular agents;
      
      central nervous system stimulants;
      
      cytotoxic drugs;
      
      diuretics;
      
      genetic materials;
      
      hormonolytics;
      
      hypnotics;
      
      hypoglycemic agents;
      
      immunosuppressive agents;
      
      muscle relaxants;
      
      narcotic antagonists;
      
      neuroprotective agents;
      
      nicotine;
      
      nutritional agents;
      
      parasympatholytics;
      
      peptide drugs;
      
      psychostimulants;
      
      sedatives;
      
      steroids;
      
      smoking cessation agents;
      
      sympathomimetics;
      
      photoactive agents;
      
      tocolytic agents;
      
      tranquilizers;
      
      vasodilators; and
      
      active metabolites thereof.
  - 69. The method of claim 67 wherein at least two pharmacologically active agents are administered simultaneously.

70. A method of decreasing lag time of the iontophoretic transport of a compound of interest through a localized region of a patient'"'"'s body tissue, comprising:
- (a) applying a current to the localized region of body tissue at a level sufficient to effect iontophoretic transport of the compound of interest therethrough;
  
  (b) either prior to, during, or both prior to and during application of the current, applying to the localized region of body tissue an amount of at least one polyelectrolyte effective to decrease the time needed to achieve steady state transport of the compound of interest through the localized region of body tissue.
- View Dependent Claims (71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136)
- - 71. The method of claim 70 wherein the polyelectrolyte has a molecular weight of about 200 Da or greater.
  - 72. The method of claim 71 wherein the polyelectrolyte has a molecular weight within the range of about 200-1000 Da.
  - 73. The method of claim 71 wherein the polyelectrolyte has a molecular weight within the range of about 1000-10,000 Da.
  - 74. The method of claim 71 wherein the polyelectrolyte has a molecular weight greater than 10,000 Da.
  - 75. The method of claim 70 wherein the polyclectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of cationic polyelectrolytes, anionic polyelectrolytes, nonionic polyelectrolytes, amphoteric polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof.
  - 76. The method of claim 75 wherein the polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of cationic polyelectrolytes, anionic polyelectrolytes, and amphoteric polyelectrolytes, and comprises at least one ionic group selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, carboxylates, phosphates, and quaternary ammonium groups.
  - 77. The method of claim 75 wherein the polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of acrylamides, addition polymers, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, polyamines, polycarboxylic acid salts, polyethylenes, polyimines, polystyrenes, and mixtures thereof.
  - 78. The method of claim 75 wherein the polyelectrolyte is a cationic polyclectrolyte.
  - 79. The method of claim 78 wherein the cationic polyelectrolyte comprises an ionic group selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium;
    - primary, secondary, or tertiary amines charged at the reservoir solution pH;
      
      heterocyclic compounds charged at reservoir solution pH;
      
      sulfonium; and
      
      phosphonium groups.
  - 80. The method of claim 79 wherein the cationic polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of addition polymers, aminated styrenes, cholestyramine, polyimines, aminated polysaccharides, and mixtures thereof.
  - 81. The method of claim 75 wherein the polyelectrolyte is an anionic polyelectrolyte.
  - 82. The method of claim 81 wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte comprises an anion selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate and phosphate groups.
  - 83. The method of claim 82 wherein the anionic polyelectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of acrylamides, alginate, alginic acid, addition polymers, hyaluronate, oligosaccharides, pectic acid, polyacrylic acids, polysaccharides, polystyrenesulfonic acids, polyvinylphosphonic acids, and mixtures thereof.
  - 84. The method of claim 75 wherein the polyelectrolyte is an amphoteric polyclectrolyte.
  - 85. The method of claim 70 wherein the polyclectrolyte is selected from the group consisting of heparin and heparin derivatives, anionic and cationic liposomes, anionic and cationic micelles, polyamines, polyethylenes, polysaccharides, and mixtures thereof.
  - 86. The method of claim 85 wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of agaroses, celluloses, dextrans, and starch.
  - 87. The method of claim 70 wherein the polyelectrolyte is an ion exchange material.
  - 88. The method of claim 87 wherein the ion exchange material is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acids, polyacrylic sulfonic acids, polyacrylic phosphoric acids and polyacrylic glycolic acids, polyvinyl amines, polystyrenes, poly epichlorohydrin/tetraethylenetriamines, and polymers having pendent amine groups.
  - 89. The method of claim 87 wherein the ion exchange material is a strongly acidic cation exchange resin.
  - 90. The method of claim 87 wherein the ion exchange material is a weakly acidic cation exchange resin.
  - 91. The method of claim 87 wherein the ion exchange material is a strongly basic anion exchange resin.
  - 92. The method of claim 87 wherein the ion exchange material is a weakly basic anion exchange resin.
  - 93. The method of claim 87 wherein the ion exchange material is a mixed bed resin.
  - 94. The method of claim 70 wherein the polyelectrolyte comprises from about less than 1 wt % to greater than 90 wt % of the net reservoir weight.
  - 95. The method of claim 94 wherein the polyelectrolyte comprises about 0.01-99 wt % of the net reservoir weight.
  - 96. The method of claim 95 wherein the polyelectrolyte comprises about 0.25-30 wt % of the net reservoir weight.
  - 97. The method of claim 70 wherein the iontophoretic device further comprises a membrane positioned between the polyelectrolyte and the localized region of body tissue, wherein the membrane has a pore size sufficient to prevent transport of polyclectrolyte therethrough and sufficient to permit transport of the compound of interest therethrough.
  - 98. The method of claim 70 wherein the current is an alternating current.
  - 99. The method of claim 98 wherein the current is applied to the localized region of the body tissue for a time period within the range of approximately 2 minutes to greater than 72 hours.
  - 100. The method of claim 99 wherein the time period is within the range of approximately 12-72 hours.
  - 101. The method of claim 98 wherein the current is applied at a voltage level within the range of about 1-75 V.
  - 102. The method of claim 101 wherein the voltage level is within the range of about 1-45 V.
  - 103. The method of claim 98 which further comprises applying a direct current prepulse prior to step (a).
  - 104. The method of claim 98 which further comprises superimposing a direct current over the alternating current during step (a).
  - 105. The method of claim 70 wherein the current is a direct current.
  - 106. The method of claim 105 wherein the current is applied to the localized region of the body tissue for a time period within the range of approximately 2 minutes to greater than 72 hours.
  - 107. The method of claim 106 wherein the time period is within the range of approximately 12-72 hours.
  - 108. The method of claim 105 wherein the current is applied at a level within the range of about 0.01-0.5 mA/cm².
  - 109. The method of claim 108 wherein the current is applied at a level within the range of about 0.1-0.5 mA/cm².
  - 110. The method of claim 70 wherein the polyelectrolyte is applied to the localized region of body tissue prior to application of the current.
  - 111. The method of claim 70 wherein the polyelectrolyte is applied to the localized region of body tissue during application of the current.
  - 112. The method of claim 70 wherein the polyelectrolyte is applied to the localized region of body tissue both prior to and during application of the current.
  - 113. The method of claim 70 wherein the body tissue is skin.
  - 114. The method of claim 70 wherein the body tissues is ocular tissue.
  - 115. The method of claim 114 wherein the ocular tissue is selected from the group consisting of conjunctiva, sclera and cornea.
  - 116. The method of claim 70 wherein the eye tissue is mucosal tissue.
  - 117. The method of claim 70 wherein the localized region of body tissue has an area within the range of about 0.1-100 cm².
  - 118. The method of claim 70 which provides for at least a 20% reduction in lag-time compared to the lag-time in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 119. The method of claim 118 which provides for at least a 40% reduction in lag-time compared to the lag-time in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 120. The method of claim 119 which provides for at least a 60% reduction in lag-time compared to the lag-time in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 121. The method of claim 70 which further provides for at least a 50% enhanced flux of the compound of interest compared to the flux in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 122. The method of claim 121 which further provides for at least a 100% enhanced flux of the compound of interest compared to the flux in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 123. The method of claim 122 which further provides for at least a 200% enhanced flux of the compound of interest compared to the flux in the absence of the polyelectrolyte.
  - 124. The method of claim 70 wherein the compound of interest is a charged species.
  - 125. The method of claim 70 wherein the compound of interest is an uncharged species.
  - 126. The method of claim 70 wherein the compound of interest is an analyte extracted from within the patient'"'"'s body, such that analyte is transported from beneath the localized region to the exterior of the body.
  - 127. The method of claim 126 wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of glucose, galactose, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and amino acids.
  - 128. The method of claim 127 wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of phenylalanine and tyrosine.
  - 129. The method of claim 126 wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of diseases state markers, pharmacologically active agents, substances of abuse, electrolytes, minerals, hormones, amino acids, peptides, metal ions, nucleic acids, genes, enzymes, toxic agents, metabolites, conjugates, prodrugs, analogs and derivatives thereof.
  - 130. The method of claim 126 wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, organic acids, alcohols, fatty acids, cholesterol and cholesterol-based compounds, amino acids, zinc, iron, copper, magnesium, potassium, and metabolites, conjugates, prodrugs, analogs and derivatives thereof.
  - 131. The method of claim 126 wherein the analyte is a pharmacologically active agent that has been administered to the patient.
  - 132. The method of claim 131 wherein the pharmacologically active agent is selected from the group consisting of β
    - -agonists;
      
      analeptic agents;
      
      analgesic agents;
      
      anesthetic agents;
      
      anti-angiogenic agents;
      
      anti-arthritic agents;
      
      anti-asthmatic agents;
      
      antibiotics;
      
      anticancer agents;
      
      anticholinergic agents;
      
      anticoagulant agents;
      
      anticonvulsant agents;
      
      antidepressant agents;
      
      antidiabetic agents;
      
      antidiarrheal agents;
      
      anti-emetic agents;
      
      anti-epileptic agents;
      
      antihelminthic agents;
      
      antihistamines;
      
      antihyperlipidemic agents;
      
      antihypertensive agents;
      
      anti-infective agents;
      
      anti-inflammatory agents;
      
      antimetabolites;
      
      antimigraine agents;
      
      antiparkinsonism drugs;
      
      antipruritic agents;
      
      antipsychotic agents;
      
      antipyretic agents;
      
      antispasmodic agents;
      
      antitubercular agents;
      
      anti-ulcer agents;
      
      antiviral agents;
      
      anxiolytic agents;
      
      appetite suppressants;
      
      attention deficit disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs;
      
      cardiovascular agents;
      
      central nervous system stimulants;
      
      cytotoxic drugs;
      
      diuretics;
      
      genetic materials;
      
      hormonolytics;
      
      hypnotics;
      
      hypoglycemic agents;
      
      immunosuppressive agents;
      
      muscle relaxants;
      
      narcotic antagonists;
      
      neuroprotective agents;
      
      nicotine;
      
      nutritional agents;
      
      parasympatholytics;
      
      peptide drugs;
      
      psychostimulants;
      
      sedatives;
      
      steroids;
      
      smoking cessation agents;
      
      sympathomimetics;
      
      photoactive agents;
      
      tocolytic agents;
      
      tranquilizers;
      
      vasodilators; and
      
      active metabolites thereof.
  - 133. The method of claim 132 wherein at least two analytes are extracted concurrently.
  - 134. The method of claim 70 wherein the compound of interest is a pharmacologically active agent to be delivered into the patient'"'"'s body.
  - 135. The method of claim 134 wherein the pharmacologically active agent is selected from the group consisting of β
    - -agonists;
      
      analeptic agents;
      
      analgesic agents;
      
      anesthetic agents;
      
      anti-angiogenic agents;
      
      anti-arthritic agents;
      
      anti-asthmatic agents;
      
      antibiotics;
      
      anticancer agents;
      
      anticholinergic agents;
      
      anticoagulant agents;
      
      anticonvulsant agents;
      
      antidepressant agents;
      
      antidiabetic agents;
      
      antidiarrheal agents;
      
      anti-emetic agents;
      
      anti-epileptic agents;
      
      antihelminthic agents;
      
      antihistamines;
      
      antihyperlipidemic agents;
      
      antihypertensive agents;
      
      anti-infective agents;
      
      anti-inflammatory agents;
      
      antimetabolites;
      
      antimigraine agents;
      
      antiparkinsonism drugs;
      
      antipruritic agents;
      
      antipsychotic agents;
      
      antipyretic agents;
      
      antispasmodic agents;
      
      antitubercular agents;
      
      anti-ulcer agents;
      
      antiviral agents;
      
      anxiolytic agents;
      
      appetite suppressants;
      
      attention deficit disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs;
      
      cardiovascular agents;
      
      central nervous system stimulants;
      
      cytotoxic drugs;
      
      diuretics;
      
      genetic materials;
      
      hormonolytics;
      
      hypnotics;
      
      hypoglycemic agents;
      
      immunosuppressive agents;
      
      muscle relaxants;
      
      narcotic antagonists;
      
      neuroprotective agents;
      
      nicotine;
      
      nutritional agents;
      
      parasympatholytics;
      
      peptide drugs;
      
      psychostimulants;
      
      sedatives;
      
      steroids;
      
      smoking cessation agents;
      
      sympathomimetics;
      
      photoactive agents;
      
      tocolytic agents;
      
      tranquilizers;
      
      vasodilators; and
      
      active metabolites thereof.
  - 136. The method of claim 134 wherein at least two pharmacologically active agents are administered simultaneously.

Specification

Resources

Litigation Campaign Assessment

Current Assignee
Aciont, Inc.
Original Assignee
Aciont, Inc.
Inventors
Hastings, Matthew S., Higuchi, William I., Li, S. Kevin, Miller, David J.

Application Number

US10/226,622
Publication Number

US 20030065305A1
Time in Patent Office

Days
Field of Search
US Class Current

604/501
CPC Class Codes

A61B 5/14514 using means for aiding extr...

A61N 1/30 Apparatus for iontophoresis...

Method for stabilizing flux and decreasing lag-time during iontophoresis

First Claim

1 Assignment

0 Petitions

Accused Products

Abstract

61 Citations

136 Claims

Specification

Solutions

Use Cases

Quick Links

Method for stabilizing flux and decreasing lag-time during iontophoresis

First Claim

1 Assignment

Subscription Required

Subscription Required

0 Petitions

Subscription Required

Accused Products

Subscription Required

Abstract

61 Citations

136 Claims

Specification

Subscription Required

Solutions

Use Cases

Quick Links