Apparatus and method for the design and manufacture of multifunctional composite materials with power integration

• US 20030068559A1
• Filed: 09/11/2002
• Published: 04/10/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/2001
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: ITN Energy Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: ITN Energy Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Armstrong, Joseph H., Neudecker, Bernd J., Lanning, Bruce, Benson, Martin H.
• Application Number:
  US10/238,612
• Publication Number:
  US 20030068559A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/234
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 5/02 characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer layer formed of metallic wires B32B15/02; layer formed of natural mineral fibres B32B19/02; layer formed of wood fibres B32B21/02
• CPC Class Codes: D03D 15/00 Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
• CPC Class Codes: D03D 15/267 Glass
• CPC Class Codes: D03D 15/37 with specific cross-section or surface shape
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2101/06 Glass
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2101/08 Ceramic
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2101/12 Carbon; Pitch
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2101/20 Metallic fibres
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2201/02 Cotton
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2211/02 Wool
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2401/046 Shape recovering or form memory
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2401/16 antistatic; conductive
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2401/20 optical
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2501/00 Wearing apparel
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0436 Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0562 Solid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/058 Construction or manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/765 Tubular type or pencil type electrodes; tubular or multitubular sheaths or covers of insulating material for said tubular-type electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/78 Shapes other than plane or cylindrical, e.g. helical
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/188 : Processes of manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/40 : Printed batteries , e.g. thin film batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/42 : Grouping of primary cells into batteries H01M6/40 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2933 : Coated or with bond, impregnation or core

Abstract

The manufacture and use of multilayer functional thin-film devices, such as solid-state thin-film batteries, including lithium thin-film batteries on unconventional substrate geometries integrated into multifunctional materials is described. The unconventional geometries may include fibers, ribbons, and strips, which may be woven together or held together in matrices of material to form structural or other multifunctional composites with, for example, integrated power.

Claims

1. An apparatus for use as a multifunctional material comprising a laden substrate combined with a configuring material, wherein said laden substrate comprises a fibrous substrate upon which a multilayer functional thin-film pattern is deposited.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said fibrous substrate has a cross-section selected from the group consisting of:

substantially circular;

substantially ellipsoidal;

substantially ribbon-like; and

substantially strip-like.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said fibrous substrate comprises a material selected from a group consisting of:

glass;

ceramic;

sapphire;

polymer;

optical fiber;

metal;

metal alloy;

carbon;

semiconductor;

superconductor;

shape memory alloy; and

polished naturally occurring fibers.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said polished naturally occurring fibers comprise a material selected from a group consisting of:

wool;

cotton;

hemp; and

wood.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said fibrous substrate has a length of between approximately one-quarter inch and approximately three hundred meters.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said fibrous substrate comprises between about five and about ninety-five percent of the volume of said multifunctional material.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said multilayer functional thin-pattern comprises between about 0.1 percent and about 90 percent of the volume of said multifunctional material.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said multilayer functional thin-film pattern comprises a pattern selected from a group consisting of:

a lithium battery configuration;

a buried lithium battery configuration;

a lithium-ion battery configuration;

a buried lithium-ion battery configuration;

a lithium-free battery configuration;

a buried lithium-free battery configuration;

a photovoltaic device configuration; and

a multilayer electronic interconnect configuration.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said configuring material comprises said laden substrate.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said configuring material comprises a material selected from a group consisting of:

an insulating polymer;

insulating polymer base;

conducting polymer;

conducting polymer base;

resin;

ceramic;

glass;

metal;

metal alloy;

carbon;

carbon compound;

bismaleimide-SiO₂;

silicones;

parylene;

parylene multilayered with inorganics;

polyacrylate;

polyacrylate multilayered with inorganics;

rubber;

thick vacuum deposited air-insensitive inorganics;

thick vacuum deposited lithium phosphorous oxynitride;

polymer;

metal film;

metal foil;

metal alloy film;

metal alloy foil;

insulating adhesive;

conductive adhesive;

dielectric adhesive; and

dielectric.

11. The apparatus of said claim 1, wherein said configuring material provides an electrode terminal comprising a terminal selected from the group of an anode and a cathode.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said configuring material comprises a material selected for a specified function.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said specified function comprises a function selected from a group consisting of the following:

to reinforce said laden substrate, to be reinforced by said laden substrate, to thermally insulate said laden substrate, to electrically insulate said laden substrate, to provide heat transfer with said laden substrate, to shade said laden substrate, to provide static shape to said laden substrate, to provide dynamic shape to said laden substrate, to encapsulate said laden substrate, to provide lubrication to said laden substrate, to provide dimensions to said laden substrate, to provide mechanical shock absorption to said laden substrate, to provide electrical shock absorption to said laden substrate, to provide electrical conductivity to said laden substrate, to provide electrical connection to said laden substrate, to provide color to said laden substrate, to prevent exposure of said laden substrate, to enhance exposure of said laden substrate, to reinforce said multifunctional material, to thermally insulate said multifunctional material, to electrically insulate said multifunctional material, to provide heat transfer with said multifunctional material, to shade said multifunctional material, to provide static shape to said multifunctional material, to provide dynamic shape to said multifunctional material, to encapsulate said multifunctional material, to provide lubrication to said multifunctional material, to provide dimensions to said multifunctional material, to provide mechanical shock absorption to said multifunctional material, to provide electrical shock absorption to said multifunctional material, to provide electrical conductivity to said multifunctional material, to provide electrical connection to said multifunctional material, to provide color to said multifunctional material, to prevent exposure of said multifunctional material, and to enhance exposure of said multifunctional material.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said function to encapsulate laden substrate comprises an encapsulant selected from the group consisting of a single layer encapsulant and a multilayer plastic coating.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said single layer encapsulant comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:

silicon oxide based glass;

teflon;

parylene;

low-density polyethylene; and

polyacrylate.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said multilayer plastic coating comprises at least two plastic/metal layers wherein each plastic/metal layer comprises a layer of a metal and a layer of a plastic applied to said layer of metal.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said plastic comprises parylene.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said metal comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:

Ti;

Al;

Cr;

Al₂O₃; and

Cr₂O₃.

19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said function to reinforce said multifunctional material is accomplished by means of a reinforcement member selected from the group consisting of:

a cylindrical fiber;

a monofilament;

a wire; and

a rod.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said reinforcement member has a diameter of between about one micron and about one-quarter inch.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said reinforcement member has a diameter of between about ten microns and about 0.025 inches.

22. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said function to reinforce said multifunctional material is accomplished by means of a substantially rectangular reinforcement member comprising a material selected from the group consisting of:

carbon;

carbon compound;

conducting polymer;

insulating polymer;

glass;

resin;

ceramic;

metal;

metal alloy; and

shape memory alloy.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said rectangular reinforcement member has a length of between about one micron and about five inches.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said rectangular reinforcement member has a width of between about one micron and about five inches.

25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said rectangular reinforcement member has a length of between about ten microns and about one-quarter inch.

26. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said rectangular reinforcement member has a width of between about ten microns and about one-quarter inch.

27. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said function to reinforce said multifunctional material is accomplished by means of said laden substrate.

28. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a portion of said configuring material adapted to provide exposure to a portion of said laden substrate.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising an exposed electrical terminal.

30. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said multifunctional material comprises a single laden substrate together with an encapsulating configuring material.

31. A method for manufacturing multifunctional materials comprising the steps of:

providing a fibrous substrate;

creating a laden substrate by depositing a multi-functional thin film pattern on said fibrous substrate; and

combining said laden substrate with a configuring material.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein said fibrous substrate is selected to have a cross-section selected from the group consisting of:

substantially circular;

substantially ellipsoidal;

substantially ribbon-like; and

substantially strip-like.

33. The method of claim 31, wherein said fibrous substrate comprises a material selected from a group consisting of:

glass;

ceramic;

sapphire;

polymer;

optical fiber;

metal;

metal alloy;

carbon;

semiconductor;

superconductor;

shape memory alloy; and

polished naturally occurring fibers.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein said polished naturally occurring fibers comprise a material selected from a group consisting of:

wool;

cotton;

hemp; and

wood.

35. The method of claim 31, further comprising providing said fibrous substrate having a length of between approximately one-quarter inch and approximately three hundred meters.

36. The method of claim 31, further comprising said fibrous substrate comprising between about five and about ninety-five percent of the volume of said multifunctional material.

37. The method of claim 31, wherein said multilayer functional thin-pattern is selected to comprise between about 0.1 percent and about 90 percent of the volume of said multifunctional material.

38. The method of claim 31, wherein said multilayer functional thin-film pattern comprises a pattern selected from a group consisting of:

a lithium battery configuration;

a buried lithium battery configuration;

a lithium-ion battery configuration;

a buried lithium-ion battery configuration;

a lithium-free battery configuration;

a buried lithium-free battery configuration;

a photovoltaic device configuration; and

a multilayer electronic interconnect configuration.

39. The method of claim 31, wherein said configuring material comprises said laden substrate.

40. The method of claim 31, wherein said configuring material comprises a material selected from a group consisting of:

insulating polymer;

insulating polymer base;

conducting polymer;

conducting polymer base;

resin;

ceramic;

glass;

metal;

metal alloy;

carbon;

carbon compound;

bismaleimide-SiO₂;

silicones;

parylene;

parylene multilayered with inorganics;

polyacrylate;

polyacrylate multilayered with inorganics;

rubber;

thick vacuum deposited air-insensitive inorganics;

thick vacuum deposited lithium phosphorous oxynitride;

polymer;

metal film;

metal foil;

metal alloy film;

metal alloy foil;

insulating adhesive;

conductive adhesive;

dielectric adhesive; and

dielectric.

41. The method of said claim 31, wherein said configuring material provides an electrode terminal comprising a terminal selected from the group of an anode and a cathode.

42. The method of claim 31, wherein said configuring material comprises a material selected for a specified function.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein said specified function comprises a function selected from a group consisting of the following:

to reinforce said laden substrate;

to be reinforced by said laden substrate;

to thermally insulate said laden substrate;

to electrically insulate said laden substrate;

to provide heat transfer with said laden substrate;

to shade said laden substrate;

to provide static shape to said laden substrate;

to provide dynamic shape to said laden substrate;

to encapsulate said laden substrate;

to provide lubrication to said laden substrate;

to provide dimensions to said laden substrate;

to provide mechanical shock absorption to said laden substrate;

to provide electrical shock absorption to said laden substrate;

to provide electrical conductivity to said laden substrate;

to provide electrical connection to said laden substrate;

to provide color to said laden substrate;

to prevent exposure of said laden substrate;

to enhance exposure of said laden substrate;

to reinforce said multifunctional material;

to thermally insulate said multifunctional material;

to electrically insulate said multifunctional material;

to provide heat transfer with said multifunctional material;

to shade said multifunctional material;

to provide static shape to said multifunctional material;

to provide dynamic shape to said multifunctional material;

to encapsulate said multifunctional material;

to provide lubrication to said multifunctional material;

to provide dimensions to said multifunctional material;

to provide mechanical shock absorption to said multifunctional material;

to provide electrical shock absorption to said multifunctional material;

to provide electrical conductivity to said multifunctional material;

to provide electrical connection to said multifunctional material;

to provide color to said multifunctional material;

to prevent exposure of said multifunctional material; and

to enhance exposure of said multifunctional material.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein said function to encapsulate laden substrate comprises an encapsulant selected from the group consisting of a single layer encapsulant, and a multilayer plastic coating.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein said single layer encapsulant comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:

silicon oxide based glass;

teflon;

parylene;

low-density polyethylene; and

polyacrylate.

46. The method of claim 44, wherein said multilayer plastic coating comprises at least two plastic/metal layers wherein each plastic/metal layer comprises a layer of a metal, and a layer of a plastic applied to said layer of metal.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein said plastic comprises parylene.

48. The method of claim 46, wherein said metal comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:

Ti;

Al;

Cr;

Al₂O₃; and

Cr₂O₃.

49. The method of claim 43, wherein said function to reinforce said multifunctional material is accomplished by means of a reinforcement member selected from the group consisting of:

a cylindrical fiber;

a monofilament;

a wire; and

a rod.

50. The method of claim 49, wherein said reinforcement member has a diameter of between about one micron and about one-quarter inch.

51. The method of claim 49, wherein said reinforcement member has a diameter of between about ten microns and about 0.025 inches.

52. The method of claim 43, wherein said function to reinforce said multifunctional material is accomplished by means of a substantially rectangular reinforcement member comprising a material selected from the group consisting of:

carbon;

carbon compound;

conducting polymer;

insulating polymer;

glass;

resin;

ceramic;

metal;

metal alloy; and

shape memory alloy.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein said rectangular reinforcement member has a length of between about one micron and about five inches.

54. The method of claim 52, wherein said rectangular reinforcement member has a width of between about one micron and about five inches.

55. The method of claim 52, wherein said rectangular reinforcement member has a length of between about ten microns and about one-quarter inch.

56. The method of claim 52, wherein said rectangular reinforcement member has a width of between about ten microns and about one-quarter inch.

57. The method of claim 43, wherein said function to reinforce said multifunctional material is accomplished by means of said laden substrate.

58. The method of claim 31, further comprising the step of removing a portion of said configuring material removed.

59. The method of claim 58, wherein said step of removing a portion of said configuring material comprises exposing an electrical terminal.

60. The method of claim 58, wherein said step of removing a portion of said configuring material comprises a technique selected from a group consisting of:

chemically removing;

etching;

laser scribing;

laser ablating;

photolithography;

thin-film patterning; and

mechanically removing.

61. The method of claim 60, wherein said technique of photolithography further comprises chemical removal of photoresist.

62. The method of claim 60, wherein said technique of photolithography further comprises e-beam removal of photoresist.

63. The method of claim 31, wherein said step of combining said laden substrate with a configuring material comprises configuring said laden substrate.

64. The method of claim 63, wherein said step of configuring said laden substrate comprises one ore more techniques selected from the group consisting of the following:

positioning said laden substrate parallel to one or more laden substrates;

providing said laden substrate with a desired curvature;

intertwining said laden substrate with one or more other laden substrates;

intertwining said laden substrate with itself; and

placing one or more laden substrates into a mold.

65. The method of claim 31, wherein said step of combining said laden substrate with a configuring material comprises one or more techniques selected from a group consisting of:

casting;

compressing;

extruding;

molding;

impregnating;

winding;

linear/alternating-transverse pre-forming;

coil pre-forming;

roll-compacting;

laminating;

bonding;

braiding; and

weaving.

66. The method of claim 31, wherein said step of providing a laden substrate comprises providing a single substrate, and said step of combining said laden substrate with a configuring material comprises encapsulating said single substrate with a configuring material.

67. An apparatus for use as a fabric comprising a plurality of laden substrates interwoven with a plurality of conventional fabric fibers, wherein each of said laden substrates comprises a fibrous substrate upon which a multilayer functional thin-film pattern has been deposited.

68. An apparatus for use as a fabric comprising a plurality of laden substrates interwoven with each other, wherein each of said laden substrates comprises a fibrous substrate upon which a multilayer functional thin-film pattern has been deposited.

69. An apparatus for use as a DC power supply comprising a plurality of laden substrates combined with an encapsulating matrix, wherein each of said laden substrates comprises a fibrous substrates upon which a multilayer functional thin-film pattern has been deposited.

70. An apparatus for use as a power conversion system comprising a current producing layer, and connected to said current producing layer a multifunctional material comprising a plurality of laden substrates, combined with a configuring material, wherein each of said laden substrates comprises a fibrous substrate upon which has been deposited a multilayer functional thin-film pattern.

71. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein said current producing layer comprises a device selected from the group consisting of:

an RF identification tag;

a thin-film photovoltaic device;

a thin-film CIGS photovoltaic device; and

a direct conversion light antenna.

72. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein said configuring material comprises a matrix.

73. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein said deposited multilayer functional thin-film pattern comprises a pattern selected from a group consisting of:

a lithium battery configuration;

a buried lithium battery configuration;

a lithium-ion battery configuration;

a buried lithium-ion battery configuration;

a lithium-free battery configuration; and

a buried lithium-free battery configuration.