Electrochemical analyte sensor
First Claim
1. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
- a substrate;
a recessed channel formed in a surface of the substrate; and
a conductive material disposed in the recessed channel and forming a working electrode.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An electrochemical analyte sensor formed using conductive traces on a substrate can be used for determining and/or monitoring a level of analyte in in vitro or in vivo analyte-containing fluids. For example, an implantable sensor may be used for the continuous or automatic monitoring of a level of an analyte, such as glucose, lactate, or oxygen, in a patient. The electrochemical analyte sensor includes a substrate and conductive material disposed on the substrate, the conductive material forming a working electrode. In some sensors, the conductive material is disposed in recessed channels formed in a surface of the sensor. An electron transfer agent and/or catalyst may be provided to facilitate the electrolysis of the analyte or of a second compound whose level depends on the level of the analyte. A potential is formed between the working electrode and a reference electrode or counter/reference electrode and the resulting current is a function of the concentration of the analyte in the body fluid.
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Citations
126 Claims
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1. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
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a substrate;
a recessed channel formed in a surface of the substrate; and
a conductive material disposed in the recessed channel and forming a working electrode. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57)
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35. An analyte responsive electrochemical sensor comprising a working electrode and a mass transport limiting membrane, which mass transport limiting membrane maintains a rate of permeation of the analyte through the mass transport limiting membrane with a variation of no more than 3% per °
- C. at temperatures ranging from 30°
C. to 40°
C.
- C. at temperatures ranging from 30°
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58. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
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a substrate;
a plurality of recessed channels formed in at least one surface of the substrate; and
a conductive material disposed in each of the recessed channels, the conductive material in at least one of the recessed channels forming a working electrode. - View Dependent Claims (59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73)
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74. A method of determining a level of an analyte in a fluid, the method comprising:
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contacting the fluid with an electrochemical sensor, the sensor comprising a substrate, a recessed channel formed in the substrate, and conductive material deposited in the recessed channel to form a working electrode;
generating an electrical signal in the sensor in response to the presence of the analyte; and
determining a level of the analyte from the electrical signal. - View Dependent Claims (75, 76, 77, 78)
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79. A temperature sensor, comprising:
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a substrate;
a recessed channel formed on the surface of the substrate; and
a temperature probe disposed in the recessed channel, the temperature probe comprising two probe leads disposed in spaced apart portions of the recessed channel and temperature-dependent element disposed in the recessed channel and in contact with the two probe leads, the temperature-dependent element comprising a material having a temperature-dependent characteristic that changes a signal of the temperature probe in response to a change in temperature. - View Dependent Claims (80)
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81. An electrochemical sensor for determining a level of an analyte in a fluid, comprising:
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a substrate;
a recessed channel formed in a surface of the substrate;
a conductive material disposed in the recessed channel and forming a working electrode; and
a catalyst disposed proximally to the working electrode to catalyze a reaction of the analyte resulting in a change in a level of a second compound;
wherein the electrochemical sensor is responsive to the level of the second compound in the fluid. - View Dependent Claims (82, 83, 84)
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85. A method of determining a level of an analyte in a fluid, comprising:
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contacting the fluid with an electrochemical sensor, the electrochemical sensor having a substrate, a recessed channel formed in a surface of the substrate, a conductive material disposed in the recessed channel and forming a working electrode, and a catalyst disposed proximally to the working electrode;
changing a level of a second compound in the fluid by a reaction of the analyte catalyzed by the catalyst;
generating a signal in response to the level of the second compound; and
determining the level of the analyte from the signal. - View Dependent Claims (86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91)
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92. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
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a substrate; and
a working electrode disposed on the substrate, the working electrode comprising a carbon material and having a width along at least a portion of the working electrode of 150 μ
m or less. - View Dependent Claims (93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102)
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103. A subcutaneously implantable sensor, comprising:
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a substrate; and
conductive material non-leachably disposed on the substrate to form a working electrode, the conductive material comprising carbon; and
an enzyme non-leachably disposed proximate to the working electrode.
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104. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
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a substrate; and
conductive material disposed on a surface of the substrate to form a plurality of traces, at least one of the traces forming a working electrode;
wherein the plurality of conductive traces are separated on the surface of the substrate by 150 μ
m or less. - View Dependent Claims (105, 106)
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107. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
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a substrate; and
conductive material disposed on a surface of the substrate to form a plurality of traces, at least one of the traces forming a working electrode;
wherein the plurality of conductive traces are disposed on the surface of the substrate at a density, along a width of the substrate, of 667 μ
m/trace or less. - View Dependent Claims (108)
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109. An electrochemical sensor comprising:
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a substrate, conductive material disposed on the substrate to form a working electrode; and
a contact pad disposed on the substrate and connected to the working electrode, the contact pad comprising a non-metallic conductive material. - View Dependent Claims (110, 111)
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112. An analyte monitoring system, comprising:
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a sensor having a substrate, a working electrode disposed on the substrate, and a contact pad coupled to the working electrode; and
a control unit having a conductive contact coupled to the working electrode, the control unit being configured to apply a potential across the working electrode;
wherein at least one of the contact pad and the conductive contact comprises a non-metallic material. - View Dependent Claims (113, 114, 115, 116, 117)
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118. A method of determining a level of an analyte in an animal, comprising:
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implanting a sensor in the animal, the sensor comprising a substrate, a plurality of conductive traces disposed on the substrate, and a working electrode formed from a one of the plurality of conductive traces;
generating a signal at the working electrode in response to the analyte;
analyzing the signal to determine a level of the analyte; and
producing an electrical current through a portion of the animal, if the level of the analyte exceeds a threshold amount, to warn the animal, the electrical current is produced by applying a potential between two of the conductive traces. - View Dependent Claims (119, 120, 121)
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122. An electrochemical sensor, comprising:
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a substrate;
a conductive material disposed on the substrate to form a working electrode; and
catalyst dispersed in the conductive material, the catalyst catalyzing a reaction of the analyte to generate a signal at the working electrode. - View Dependent Claims (123, 124, 125, 126)
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Specification