Transition metal complexes with (pyridyl)imidazole ligands
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Abstract
Novel transition metal complexes of iron, cobalt, ruthenium, osmium, and vanadium are described. The transition metal complexes can be used as redox mediators in enzyme-based electrochemical sensors. The transition metal complexes include substituted or unsubstituted(pyridyl)imidazole ligands. Transition metal complexes attached to polymeric backbones are also described.
17 Citations
48 Claims
- 1. A transition metal complex having the formula:
- 28. A transition metal complex having the formula:
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39. A sensor comprising:
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a working electrode;
a counter electrode;
a redox mediator disposed proximate to the working electrode, the redox mediator having the formula;
wherein c is a negative, neutral, or positive charge represented by −
1 to −
5, 0, or +1 to +5, respectively;
d is an absence or a number of counter ions X represented by 0 or 1 to 5, respectively;
M is cobalt, iron, osmium, ruthenium, or vanadium;
L1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted heterocyclic nitrogen-containing ligand;
L2 is a negatively charged ligand; and
L and L′
are independently selected from a group consisting of;
wherein R′
1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl;
Ra and Rb are independently —
H, —
F, —
Cl, —
Br, —
I, —
NO2, —
CN, —
CO2H, —
SO3H, —
NHNH2, —
SH, —
OH, —
NH2, or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, arylcarboxamido, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, hydroxylamino, alkoxylamino, alkylthio, alkenyl, aryl, or alkyl;
R′
3, R′
4 are independently —
H, —
F, —
Cl, —
Br, —
I, —
NO2, —
CN, —
CO2H, —
SO3H, —
NHNH2, —
SH, —
OH, —
NH2, or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, arylcarboxamido, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, hydroxylamino, alkoxylamino, alkylthio, alkenyl, aryl, or alkyl, or a combination of R′
3 and R′
4 forms a saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring; and
Rc, and Rd are independently —
H, —
F, —
Cl, —
Br, —
I, —
NO2, —
CN, —
CO2H, —
SO3H, —
NHNH2, —
SH, —
OH, —
NH2, or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, arylcarboxamido, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, hydroxylamino, alkoxylamino, alkylthio, alkenyl, aryl, or alkyl, or a combination of Rc and Rd forms a saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)
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Specification