Microbiosensor
First Claim
1. In a method of depositing an enzyme onto an electrically conductive substrate wherein the substrate and a reference electrode are immersed in an aqueous conductive dispersion containing said enzyme and a potential is applied across the substrate and reference electrode to cause the enzyme to accumulate on the substrate, the improvement which comprises the step of adding to said aqueous dispersion a surfactant in an amount at least about equal to the critical micelle concentration for the surfactant in the dispersion.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Improved biosensors are provided having excellent selectivity and stability properties, together with methods of preparing the biosensors. A preferred biosensor includes an electrode (12) having enzyme (16) deposited thereon together with a layer of electropolymerized polymer (18) intermingled with the enzyme (16); a crosslinked silane film (20) is applied over the polymer layer (18), and a final coating (22) of polyurethane is formed over the film (20). In preparative procedures, the enzyme (16) is electrodeposited using an aqueous enzyme solution containing a nonionic surfactant at a concentration level preferably in excess of the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant. In the case of a glucose sensor, the polymer layer (18) is preferably polyphenol, while the silane film is crosslinked (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane. The preferred biosensors have greatly enhanced selectivity stabilities.
93 Citations
45 Claims
- 1. In a method of depositing an enzyme onto an electrically conductive substrate wherein the substrate and a reference electrode are immersed in an aqueous conductive dispersion containing said enzyme and a potential is applied across the substrate and reference electrode to cause the enzyme to accumulate on the substrate, the improvement which comprises the step of adding to said aqueous dispersion a surfactant in an amount at least about equal to the critical micelle concentration for the surfactant in the dispersion.
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17. A method of preparing a biosensor comprising the steps of:
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providing an electrically conductive biosensor electrode;
immersing said biosensor electrode and a reference electrode in an aqueous conductive dispersion containing an enzyme and a surfactant in an amount at least equal to the critical micelle concentration for the surfactant in the dispersion;
applying a potential across said biosensor electrode and said reference electrode to cause said enzyme to deposit on the biosensor electrode; and
immersing said enzyme-deposited biosensor electrode in a synthetic monomer, and electropolymerizing the monomer to create a polymer layer intermingled with said deposited enzyme. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 45)
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38. A glucose sensor comprising an electrode having glucose oxidase deposited thereon, said glucose sensor having a selectivity stability of up to about ±
- 10% relative to the initial selectivity of the sensor for a period of at least 60 days.
- View Dependent Claims (39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44)
Specification