High-throughput formation, identification, and analysis of diverse solid-forms

• US 20030162226A1
• Filed: 02/21/2003
• Published: 08/28/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 01/07/2000
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Anthony V. Lemmo, David A. Putnam, Douglas Levinson, Michael J. Cima, Nicholas Galakatos
• Original Assignee: Anthony V. Lemmo, David A. Putnam, Douglas Levinson, Michael J. Cima, Nicholas Galakatos
• Inventors: Cima, Michael J., Lemmo, Anthony V., Putnam, David A., Levinson, Douglas, Galakatos, Nicholas
• Application Number:
  US10/372,524
• Publication Number:
  US 20030162226A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 435/7.1
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00315 Microtiter plates
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00351 Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00479 Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00495 Means for heating or cooling the reaction vessels
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00585 Parallel processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00587 High throughput processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00659 Two-dimensional arrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00702 Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0072 Organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00722 Nucleotides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00725 Peptides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00731 Saccharides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00756 Compositions, e.g. coatings, crystals, formulations
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5085 for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: C30B 29/58 Macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C30B 7/00 Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions from molten solvents C30B9/00; by normal or gradient freezing C30B11/00; under a protective fluid C30B27/00
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 30/04 by measuring the ability to specifically bind a target molecule, e.g. antibody-antigen binding, receptor-ligand binding
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/06 Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/10 : Libraries containing peptides or polypeptides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/12 : Libraries containing saccharides or polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 60/14 : for creating libraries
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/23 : Bi-refringence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/6845 : Methods of identifying protein-protein interactions in protein mixtures

Abstract

The invention concerns arrays of solid-forms of substances, such as compounds and rapid-screening methods therefor to identify solid-forms, particularly of pharmaceuticals, with enhanced properties. Such properties include improved bioavailability, solubility, stability, delivery, and processing and manufacturing characteristics. The invention relates to a practical and cost-effective method to rapidly screen hundreds to thousands of samples in parallel. The invention further provides methods for determining the conditions and/or ranges of conditions required to produce crystals with desired compositions, particle sizes, habits, or polymorphic forms. In a further aspect, the invention provides high-throughput methods to identify sets of conditions and/or combinations of components compatible with particular solid-forms, for example, conditions and/or components that are compatible with advantageous polymorphs of a particular pharmaceutical.

Claims

1. An array of samples comprising a plurality of solid-forms of a single compound-of-interest, each sample comprising the compound-of-interest, wherein said compound-of-interest is a small molecule, and at least two samples comprise solid-forms of the compound-of-interest each of the two solid-forms having a different physical state from the other.

2. An array comprising at least 24 samples each sample comprising a compound-of-interest and at least one component, wherein:

(a) an amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 1 gram; and

(b) at least one of the samples comprises a solid-form of the compound-of-interest.

3. The array of claim 2, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 milligrams.

4. The array of claim 2, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 micrograms.

5. The array of claim 2, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 nanograms.

6. The array of claim 2, wherein one or more samples differ from one or more other samples with respect to at least one of:

(a) amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(b) the physical state of the solid-form of the compound-of-interest;

(c) the identity of one or more of the components;

(d) amount or concentration of one ore more of the components;

(e) a physical state of one or more of the components;

or

(f) pH.

7. The array of claim 2, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical, an alternative medicine, a dietary supplement, a nutraceutical, a sensory material, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, or an active component of an industrial formulation.

8. The array of claim 2, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical.

9. The array of claim 8, wherein the pharmaceutical is a small molecule.

10. The array of claim 8, wherein the pharmaceutical is an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, an oligonucleotide conjugate, a polynucleotide conjugate, a protein, a peptide, a peptidomimetic, or a polysaccharide.

11. The array of claim 2, wherein one or more of the components is an excipient, a solvent, a non-solvent, a salt, an acid, a base, a gas, a pharmaceutical, a dietary supplement, an alternative medicine, a nutraceutical, a sensory compound, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, an active component of an industrial formulation, a crystallization additive, an additive that affects particle or crystal size, an additive that structurally stabilizes crystalline or amorphous solid-forms, an additive that dissolves solid-forms, an additive that inhibits crystallization or precipitation, an optically-active solvent, an optically-active reagent;

or an optically-active catalyst.

12. The array of claim 2, wherein each sample has been processed under a set of processing parameters.

13. The array of claim 12, wherein the set of processing parameters comprises at least one of:

(a) adjusting a value of temperature;

(b) adjusting a time;

(c) adjusting pH;

(d) adjusting amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(e) adjusting amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(f) adding one or more additional components;

(g) nucleation;

(h) precipitation;

or

(i) controlling the evaporation of one ore more of the components;

or a combination thereof.

14. The array of claim 2, wherein the solid-form of the compound-of-interest is amorphous or crystalline.

15. The array of claim 14, wherein the amorphous or crystalline form of the compound-of-interest is a salt, hydrate, anyhydrous, co-crystal, dehydrated hydrate, solvate, desolvated solvate, clathrate, or inclusion.

16. The array of claim 2, comprising two or more different polymorphs of the compound-of-interest.

17. The array of claim 2, comprising two or more crystalline forms, wherein at least two of the crystalline forms have a different crystal habit.

18. The array of claim 2, comprising at least 48 samples.

19. The array of claim 2, comprising at least 96 samples.

20. The array of claim 2, comprising at least about 1,000 samples.

21. The array of claim 2, comprising at least about 10,000 samples.

22. A method of preparing an array of multiple solid-forms of a compound-of-interest comprising:

(a) preparing at least 24 samples each sample comprising the compound-of-interest and at least one component, wherein an amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 1 gram; and

(b) processing at least 24 of the samples to generate and array comprising at least two solid-forms of the compound-of-interest.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 milligrams.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 micrograms.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 nanograms.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein one or more of the processed samples differ from one or more other processed samples with respect to at least one of:

(a) amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(b) the physical state of the solid-form of the compound-of-interest;

(c) the identity of one or more of the components;

(d) amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(e) a physical state of one or more of the components;

or

(f) pH.

27. The method of claim 22, wherein one or more of the components is an excipient, a solvent, a non-solvent, a salt, an acid, a base, a gas, a pharmaceutical, a dietary supplement, an alternative medicine, a nutraceutical, a sensory compound, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, an active component of an industrial formulation, a crystallization additive, an additive that affects particle or crystal size, an additive that structurally stabilizes crystalline or amorphous solid-forms, an additive that dissolves solid-forms, an additive that inhibits crystallization or precipitation, an optically-active solvent, an optically-active reagent, or an optically-active catalyst.

28. The method of claim 22, wherein processing the sample comprises at least one of:

(a) adjusting a value of temperature;

(b) adjusting a time;

(c) adjusting pH;

(d) adjusting amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(e) adjusting amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(f) adding one or more additional components;

(g) nucleation;

(h) precipitation;

or

(i) controlling the evaporation of one or more of the components;

or a combination thereof.

29. The method of claim 22, wherein at least one solid-form of the compound-of-interest is amorphous or crystalline.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the amorphous or crystalline form of the compound-of-interest is a salt, hydrate, anyhydrous, co-crystal, dehydrated hydrate, solvate, desolvated solvate, clathrate, or inclusion.

31. The method of claim 22, wherein the array comprises two or more different polymorphs of the compound-of-interest.

32. The method of claim 22, wherein the array comprises two or more crystalline forms of the compound-of-interest, wherein at least two of the crystalline forms have a different crystal habit.

33. The method of claim 22, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical, an alternative medicine, a dietary supplement, a nutraceutical, a sensory material, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, or an active component of an industrial formulations.

34. The method of claim 22, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the pharmaceutical is a small molecule.

36. The method of claim 34, wherein the pharmaceutical is an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, an oligonucleotide conjugate, a polynucleotide conjugate, a protein, a peptide, a peptidomimetic, or a polysaccharide.

37. The method of claim 22, wherein at least about 1000 samples are processed in parallel.

38. The method of claim 22, wherein at least about 10,000 samples are processed in parallel.

39. A method of screening a plurality of solid-forms of a compound-of-interest, comprising:

(a) preparing at least 24 samples each sample comprising the compound-of-interest and one or more components, wherein an amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 1 gram;

(b) processing at least 24 of the samples to generate an array wherein at least two of the processed samples comprise a solid-form of the compound-of-interest; and

(c) analyzing the processed samples to detect at least one solid-form.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 milligrams.

41. The method of claim 39, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 micrograms.

42. The method of claim 39, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than 100 nanograms.

43. The method of claim 39, wherein one or more of the processed samples differ from one or more other processed samples with respect to at least one of:

(a) amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(b) the physical state of the solid-form of the compound-of-interest

(c) the identity of one or more of the components;

(d) amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(e) a physical state of one or more of the components;

or

(f) pH.

44. The method of claim 39, wherein the processed samples are analyzed to determine if the solid-form is amorphous or crystalline.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein the processed samples are analyzed by visual inspection, video-optical microscopy, image analysis, polarized light analysis, near field scanning or optical microscopy, far field scanning optical microscopy, atomic-force microscopy, or micro-thermal analysis.

46. The method of claim 39, further comprising analyzing the detected solid-form by infrared spectrocopy, near infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, NMR, x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, powder x-ray diffraction, light microscopy, second harmonic generation, or electronic microscopy.

47. The method of claim 39, further comprising analyzing the detected solid-form by differential scanning calorimetry or thermal gravimetric analysis.

48. The method of claim 39, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical, an alternative medicine, a dietary supplement, a nutraceutical, a sensory material, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, or an active component of an industrial formulation.

49. The method of claim 39, wherein one or more of the components is an excipient, a solvent, a non-solvent, a salt, an acid, a base, a gas, a pharmaceutical, a dietary supplement, an alternative medicine, a nutraceutical, a sensory compound, an agrochemcial, an active component of a consumer formulation, an active component of an industrial formulation, a crystallization additive, an additive that affects particle or crystal size, an additive that structurally stabilizes crystalline or amorphous solid-forms, an additive that dissolves solid-forms, an additive that inhibits crystallization or precipitation, an optically-active solvent, an optically-active reagent, or an optically-active catalyst.

50. The method of claim 39, wherein processing the samples comprises at least one of:

(a) adjusting a value of temperature;

(b) adjusting a time;

(c) adjusting pH;

(d) adjusting amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(e) adjusting amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(f) adding one or more additional components;

(g) nucleation;

(h) precipitation;

or

(i) controlling the evaporation of one or more of the components;

or a combination thereof.

51. The method of claim 39, wherein at least one solid-form of the compound-of-interest is amorphous or crystalline.

52. The method of claim 51, wherein the amorphous or crystalline form of the compound-of-interest is a salt, hydrate, anhydrous, co-crystal, dehydrated hydrate, solvate, desolvated solvate, clathrate, or inclusion.

53. The method of claim 39, wherein the array comprises two or more different polymorphs of the compound-of-interest.

54. The method of claim 39, wherein the array comprises two or more crystalline forms of the compound-of-interest, wherein at least two of the crystalline forms have a different crystal habit.

55. The method of claim 39, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical.

56. The method of claim 55, wherein the pharmaceutical is a small molecule.

57. The method of claim 55, wherein the pharmaceutical is an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, an oligonucleotide conjugate, a polynucleotide conjugate, a protein, a peptide, a peptidomimetic, or a polysaccharide.

58. The method of claim 39, wherein at least about 1000 samples are analyzed in parallel.

59. The method of claim 39, wherein at least about 10,000 samples are analyzed in parallel.

60. A method of identifying optimal solid-forms of a compound-of-interest, comprising:

(a) selecting at least one solid-form of the compound-of-interest present in an array comprising at least 24 samples each sample comprising the compound-of-interest and at least one component, wherein an amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 1 gram; and

(b) analyzing the solid-form.

61. The method of claim 60, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 milligrams.

62. The method of claim 60, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 micrograms.

63. The method of claim 60, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 nanograms.

64. The method of claim 60, wherein the optimal solid-forms have a large surface-to-volume ratio.

65. The method of claim 60, wherein one or more of the samples differ from one or more other samples with respect to at least one of:

(a) amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(b) the physical state of the solid-form of the compound-of-interest;

(c) the identity of one or more of the components;

(d) amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(e) a physical state of one or more of the components;

or

(f) pH.

66. The method of claim 60, wherein the solid-form of the compound-of-interest is amorphous or crystalline.

67. The method of claim 66, wherein the amorphous or crystalline form of the compound-of-interest is a salt, hydrate, anhydrous, co-crystal, dehydrated hydrate, solvate, desolvated solvate, clathrate, or inclusion.

68. The method of claim 60, wherein the array comprises two or more different polymorphs of the compound-of-interest.

69. The method of claim 60, wherein the array comprises two or more crystalline forms, wherein the crystalline forms have a different crystal habit.

70. The method of claim 60, wherein the solid-form is analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, near infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, NMR, x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, powder x-ray diffraction, light microscopy, electron microscopy, second harmonic generation, differential scanning calorimetry, or thermal gravimetric analysis.

71. The method of claim 60, wherein the solid-form is analyzed by an in vitro assay.

72. The method of claim 60, wherein one or more of the components is an excipient, a solvent, a non-solvent, a salt, an acid, a base, a gas, a pharmaceutical, a dietary supplement, an alternative medicine, a nutraceutical, a sensory compound, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, an active component of an industrial formulation, a crystallization additive, an additive that affects particle or crystal size, an additive that structurally stabilizes crystalline or amorphous solid-forms, an additive that dissolves solid-forms, an additive that inhibits crystallization or precipitation, an optically-active solvent, an optically-active reagent, or an optically-active catalyst.

73. The method of claim 60, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical, an alternative medicine, a dietary supplement, a nutraceutical, a sensory material, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, or an active component of an industrial formulation.

74. The method of claim 60, wherein each sample in the array has been processed under a set of processing parameters.

75. The method of claim 74, wherein the set of processing parameters comprises at least one of:

(a) adjusting a value of temperature;

(b) adjusting a time;

(c) adjusting pH;

(d) adjusting amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(e) adjusting amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(f) adding one or more additional components;

(g) nucleation;

(h) precipitation;

or

(i) controlling the evaporation of one or more of the components;

or a combination thereof.

76. The method of claim 60, wherein the array comprises two or more different polymorphs of the compound-of-interest.

77. The method of claim 60, wherein the array comprises two or more crystalline forms of the compound-of-interest, wherein at least two of the crystalline forms have a different crystal habit.

78. The method of claim 60, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical.

79. The method of claim 78, wherein the pharmaceutical is a small molecule.

80. The method of claim 78, wherein the pharmaceutical is an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, an oligonucleotide conjugate, a polynucleotide conjugate, a protein, a peptide, a peptidomimetic, or a polysaccharide.

81. The method of claim 60, wherein the array comprises at least 48 samples.

82. The method of claim 60, wherein the array comprises at least 96 samples.

83. The method of claim 60, wherein at least about 10 solid-forms are analyzed in parallel.

84. The method of claim 60, wherein at least about 100 solid-forms are analyzed in parallel.

85. The method of claim 60, wherein at least about 1,000 solid-forms are analyzed in parallel.

86. A method to determine sets of conditions and/or components to produce particular solid-forms of a compound-of-interest, comprising:

(a) preparing at least 24 samples each sample comprising the compound-of-interest and one or more components, wherein an amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 1 gram;

(b) processing at least 24 of the samples to generate an array wherein at least one of the processed samples comprises a solid-form of the compound-of-interest; and

(c) selecting samples having the solid-forms in order to identify the sets of conditions and/or components.

87. The method of claim 86, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 milligrams.

88. The method of claim 86, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 micrograms.

89. The method of claim 86, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 nanograms.

90. The method of claim 86, wherein the desired solid-form has a large surface-to-volume ratio.

91. The method of claim 86, wherein one or more of the processed samples differ from one or more other processed samples with respect to at least one of:

(a) amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(b) the physical state of the solid-form of the compound-of-interest;

(c) the identity of one or more of the components;

(d) amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(e) a physical state of one or more of the components;

or

(f) pH.

92. The method of claim 86, wherein processing the samples comprises at least one of:

(a) adjusting a value of temperature;

(b) adjusting a time;

(c) adjusting pH;

(d) adjusting amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(e) adjusting amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(f) adding one or more additional components;

(g) nucleation;

(h) precipitation;

or

(i) controlling the evaporation of one or more of the components;

or a combination thereof.

93. The method of claim 86, wherein at least one solid-form of the compound-of-interest is amorphous or crystalline.

94. The method of claim 93, wherein the amorphous or crystalline form of the compound-of-interest is a salt, hydrate, anhydrous, co-crystal, dehydrated hydrate, solvate, desolvated solvate, clathrate, or inclusion.

95. The method of claim 86, wherein the array comprises two or more different polymorphs of the compound-of-interest.

96. The method of claim 86, wherein the array comprises two or more crystalline forms of the compound-of-interest, wherein at least two of the crystalline forms have a different crystal habit.

97. The method of claim 86, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical, an alternative medicine, a dietary supplement, a nutraceutical, a sensory material, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, or an active component of an industrial formulation.

98. The method of claim 86, wherein one or more of the components is an excipient, a solvent, a non-solvent, a salt, an acid, a base, a gas, a pharmaceutical, a dietary supplement, an alternative medicine, a nutraceutical, a sensory compound, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, an active component of an industrial formulation, a crystallization additive, an additive that affects particle or crystal size, an additive that structurally stabilizes crystalline or amorphous solid-forms, an additive that dissolves solid-forms, an additive that inhibits crystallization or precipitation, an optically-active solvent, an optically-active reagent, or an optically-active catalyst.

99. The method of claim 86, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical.

100. The method of claim 99, wherein the pharmaceutical is a small molecule.

101. The method of claim 99, wherein the pharmaceutical is an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, an oligonucleotide conjugate, a polynucleotide conjugate, a protein, a peptide, a peptidomimetic, or a polysaccharide.

102. The method of claim 86, wherein at least about 1000 samples are processed in parallel.

103. The method of claim 86, wherein at least about 10,000 samples are processed in parallel.

104. A method of screening conditions and/or components for compatibility with one or more selected solid-forms of a compound-of-interest, comprising:

(a) preparing at least 24 samples each sample comprising the compound-of-interest in solid or dissolved form and one or more components, wherein an amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 1 gram;

(b) processing at least 24 of the samples to generate an array of said selected solid-forms; and

(c) analyzing the array.

105. The method of claim 104, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 milligrams.

106. The method of claim 104, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 micrograms.

107. The method of claim 104, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 nanograms.

108. The method of claim 104, wherein one or more of the processed samples differ from one or more other processed samples with respect to at least one of:

(a) amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(b) the identity of one or more of the components;

(c) amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(d) a physical state of one or more of the components;

or

(e) pH.

109. The method of claim 104, wherein processing the samples comprises at least one of:

(a) adjusting a value of temperature;

(b) adjusting a time;

(c) adjusting pH;

(d) adjusting amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(e) adjusting amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(f) adding one or more additional components;

(g) nucleation;

(h) precipitation;

or

(i) controlling the evaporation of one or more of the components;

or a combination thereof.

110. The method of claim 104, wherein the selected solid form of the compound-of-interest is a salt, a hydrate, a co-crystal, a dehydrated hydrate, a solvate, a desolvated solvate, a clathrate, an inclusion, a particular polymorph, or of a particular crystal habit.

111. The method of claim 104, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical, an alternative medicine, a dietary supplement, a nutraceutical, a sensory material, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, or an active component of an industrial formulation.

112. The method of claim 104, wherein one or more of the components is an excipient, a solvent, a non-solvent, a salt, an acid, a base, a gas, a pharmaceutical, a dietary supplement, an alternative medicine, a nutraceutical, a sensory compound, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, an active component of an industrial formulation, a crystallization additive, an additive that affects particle or crystal size, an additive that structurally stabilizes crystalline or amorphous solid-forms, an additive that dissolves solid-forms, or an additive that inhibits crystallization or precipitation.

113. The method of claim 104, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical.

114. The method of claim 113, wherein the pharmaceutical is a small molecule.

115. The method of claim 113, wherein the pharmaceutical is an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, an oligonucleotide conjugate, a polynucleotide conjugate, a protein, a peptide, a peptidomimetic, or a polysaccharide.

116. The method of claim 104, wherein at least about 1000 samples are processed in parallel.

117. The method of claim 104, wherein at least about 10,000 samples are processed in parallel.

118. A system to identify optimal solid-forms of a compound-of-interest, comprising:

(a) an automated distribution mechanism effective to prepare at least 24 samples, each sample comprising the compound-of-interest and one or more components, wherein an amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 1 gram;

(b) an system effective to process the samples to generate an array comprising at least one solid-form of the compound-of-interest; and

(c) a detector to detect the solid-form.

119. The system of claim 118, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 milligrams.

120. The system of claim 118, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 micrograms.

121. The system of claim 118, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 nanograms.

122. The system of claim 118, wherein the optimal solid-forms have a large surface-to-volume ratio.

123. The system of claim 118, wherein the automated distribution mechanism is effective to deliver and the detector is effective to detect nanogram quantities of the compound-of-interest.

124. The system of claim 118, wherein the detector is a video optical microscope, an image analyzer, an optical microscope, or a polarimeter.

125. The system of claim 118, further comprising an analyzer to analyze the detected solid-form.

126. The system of claim 125, wherein the analyzer is an infrared spectrophotometer, a second harmonic generation optical spectrometer, a mass spectrometer, a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, a near infrared spectrophotometer, a Raman spectrophotometer, an x-ray powder diffractometer, a differential scanning calorimeter, a thermal gravimetric analyzer, a light microscope, or an electron microscope.

127. The system of claim 125, where the analyzer is an in vitro assay.

128. A method to determine a set or processing parameters and/or components to inhibit the formation of a solid-form of a compound-of-interest, comprising:

(a) preparing at least 24 samples each sample comprising a solution of the compound-of-interest and one or more components, wherein an amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 1 gram;

(b) processing at least 24 of the samples under a set of processing parameters; and

(c) selecting the processed samples not having the solid-form to identify the set of processing parameters and/or components.

129. The method of claim 128, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 milligrams.

130. The method of claim 128, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 micrograms.

131. The method of claim 128, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 nanograms.

132. The method of claim 128, wherein one or more of the processed samples differ from one or more other processed samples with respect to at least one of:

(a) amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(b) the identity of one or more components;

(c) amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(d) a physical state of one or more of the components;

or

(e) pH.

133. The method of claim 128, wherein processing the samples comprises at least one of:

(a) adjusting a value of temperature;

(b) adjusting a time;

(c) adjusting pH;

(d) adjusting amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(e) adjusting amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(f) adding one or more additional components;

(g) nucleation;

(h) precipitation;

or

(i) controlling the evaporation of one or more of the components;

or a combination thereof.

134. The method of claim 128, wherein one or more of the components is an excipient, a solvent, a non-solvent, a salt, an acid, a base, a gas, a pharmaceutical, a dietary supplement, an alternative medicine, a nutraceutical, a sensory compound, an agrochemcial, an active component of a consumer formulation, an active component of an industrial formulation, a crystallization additive, an additive that affects particle or crystal size, an additive that structurally stabilizes crystalline or amorphous solid-forms, an additive that dissolves solid-forms, an additive that inhibits crystallization or precipitation, an optically-active solvent, an optically-active reagent, or an optically-active catalyst.

135. The method of claim 128, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical, an alternative medicine, a dietary supplement, a nutraceutical, or an agrochemical.

136. The method of claim 128, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical.

137. The method of claim 136, wherein the pharmaceutical is a small molecule.

138. The method of claim 136, wherein the pharmaceutical is an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, an oligonucleotide conjugate, a polynucleotide conjugate, a protein, a peptide, a peptidomimetic, or a polysaccharide.

139. The method of claim 128, wherein at least about 1000 samples are processed in parallel.

140. The method of claim 128, wherein at least about 10,000 samples are processed in parallel.

141. A method to determine a set of processing parameters and/or components to dissolve or partially dissolve a solid-form of a compound-of-interest, comprising:

(a) preparing at least 24 samples each sample comprising a solid-form of the compound-of-interest and one or more components, wherein an amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 1 gram;

(b) processing at least 24 of the samples under a set of processing parameters; and

(c) selecting the processed samples wherein the solid-form dissolved or partially dissolved to identify the set of processing parameters and/or components.

142. The method of claim 141, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 milligrams.

143. The method of claim 141, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 micrograms.

144. The method of claim 141, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest in each sample is less than about 100 nanograms.

145. The method of claim 141, wherein one or more of the processed samples differ from one or more other processed samples with respect to at least one of:

(a) amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(b) the physical state of the compound-of-interest;

(c) the identity of one or more of the components;

(d) amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(e) a physical state of one or more of the components;

or

(f) pH.

146. The method of claim 141, wherein processing the samples comprises at least one of:

(a) adjusting a value of temperature;

(b) adjusting a time;

(c) adjusting pH;

(d) adjusting amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest;

(e) adjusting amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(f) adding one or more additional components;

(g) nucleation;

(h) precipitation;

or

(i) controlling the evaporation of one or more of the components;

or a combination thereof.

147. The method of claim 141, wherein one or more of the components is an excipient, a solvent, a non-solvent, a salt, an acid, a base, a gas, a pharmaceutical, a dietary supplement, an alternative medicine, a nutraceutical, a sensory compound, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, an active component of an industrial formulation, a crystallization additive, an additive that affects particle or crystal size, an additive that structurally stabilizes crystalline or amorphous solid-forms, an additive that dissolves solid-forms, an additive that inhibits crystallization or precipitation, an optically-active solvent, an optically-active reagent, or an optically-active catalyst.

148. The method of claim 141, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical, an alternative medicines, a dietary supplement, a nutraceutical, or an agrochemical.

149. The method of claim 141, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical.

150. The method of claim 149, wherein the pharmaceutical is a small molecule.

151. The method of claim 149, wherein the pharmaceutical is an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, an oligonucleotide conjugate, a polynucleotide conjugate, a protein, a peptide, a peptidomimetic, or a polysaccharide.

152. The method of claim 141, wherein at least about 10,000 samples are processed in parallel.

153. A method for determining conditions and/or components which produce a compound-of-interest or a diastereomeric derivative thereof in stereomerically enriched or conglomerate form, comprising:

(a) preparing at least 24 samples each sample comprising the compound-of-interest or a diastereomeric derivative thereof and one or more components, wherein an amount of the compound-of-interest or the diastereomeric derivative in each sample is less than about 1 gram;

(b) processing at least 24 of the samples to generate an array wherein at least one of the processed samples comprises the compound-of-interest or the diastereomeric derivative in stereomerically enriched or conglomerate form; and

(c) selecting the stereomerically enriched or conglomerate samples in order to identify the set of conditions and/or components.

154. The method of claim 153, wherein at least one of the processed samples comprises the compound-of-interest in enantiomerically enriched form.

155. The method of claim 153, wherein at least one of the processed samples comprises the diastereomeric derivative in diastereomerically enriched form.

156. The method of claim 153, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest or the diastereomeric derivative in each sample is less than 100 milligrams.

157. The method of claim 153, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest or the diastereomeric derivative in each sample is less than about 100 micrograms.

158. The method of claim 153, wherein the amount of the compound-of-interest or the diastereomeric derivative in each sample is less than about 100 nanograms.

159. The method of claim 153, wherein one or more of the processed samples differ from one or more other processed samples with respect to at least one of:

(a) amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest or the diastereomeric derivative;

(b) the identity of the diastereomeric derivative;

(c) the physical state of the solid-form of the compound-of-interest or the diastereomeric derivative;

(d) the identity of one or more of the components;

(e) amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(f) a physical state of one or more of the components;

or

(g) pH.

160. The method of claim 153, wherein the processing the samples comprises at least one of:

(a) adjusting a value of temperature;

(b) adjusting a time;

(c) adjusting pH;

(d) adjusting amount or concentration of the compound-of-interest or the diastereomeric derivative;

(e) adjusting amount or concentration of one or more of the components;

(f) adding one or more additional components;

(g) nucleation;

or

(h) controlling the evaporation of one or more of the components;

or a combination thereof.

161. The method of claim 153, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical, an alternative medicine, a dietary supplement, a nutraceutical, a sensory material, an agrochemcial, an active component of a consumer formulation, or an active component of an industrial formulation.

162. The method of claim 153, wherein one or more of the components is an excipient, a solvent, a non-solvent, a salt, an acid, a base, a gas, a pharmaceutical, a dietary supplement, an alternative medicine, a nutraceutical, a sensory compound, an agrochemical, an active component of a consumer formulation, an active component of an industrial formulation, a crystallization additive, an additive that affects particle or crystal size, an additive that structurally stabilizes crystalline or amorphous solid-forms, an additive that dissolves solid-forms, an additive that inhibits crystallization or precipitation, an optically-active solvent, an optically-active reagent, or an optically-active catalyst.

163. The method of claim 153, wherein the compound-of-interest is a pharmaceutical.

164. The method of claim 163, wherein the pharmaceutical is a small molecule.

165. The method of claim 163, wherein the pharmaceutical is an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, an oligonucleotide conjugate, a polynucleotide conjugate, a protein, a peptide, a peptidomimetic, or a polysaccharide.

166. The method of claim 153, wherein the array comprises at least 48 samples.

167. The method of claim 153, wherein the array comprises at least 96 samples.

168. The method of claim 153, wherein at least about 1000 samples are processed in parallel.

169. The method of claim 153, wherein at least about 10,000 samples are processed in parallel.