Fiber coupling enhancement via external feedback

• US 20030165176A1
• Filed: 12/23/2002
• Published: 09/04/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 01/15/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: HRL Laboratories LLC (The Boeing Co.)
• Original Assignee: HRL Laboratories LLC (The Boeing Co.)
• Inventors: Minden, Monica
• Granted Patent: US 6,707,832 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 372/108
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/005 Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping shaping laser beam for working metal or other materials B23K26/06; optical elements, systems or apparatus in general G02B
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06708 Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering optical fibres as passive waveguides G02B6/02
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/094007 Cladding pumping, i.e. pump light propagating in a clad surrounding the active core
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/09415 the pumping beam being parallel to the lasing mode of the pumped medium, e.g. end-pumping
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/0655 Single transverse or lateral mode emission
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/1089 Unstable resonators
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/146 using a fiber as external cavity

Abstract

The present invention provides for the coupling of laser diodes into electromagnetic radiation transmitting fibers wherein coupling efficiency is improved by improving the spatial brightness of multi-mode diode lasers as they are coupled into double-clad fibers. A Bragg grating 100 is fabricated into the core 102 of a double-clad fiber 104 coupled to a multi-mode diode laser 106. The output 108 from the multi-mode diode laser 106 is coupled into the core 102 and inner cladding 110 of the double-clad fiber by proximity or by one or more focusing objectives 112. The Bragg grating 100 in the core 102 of the double-clad fiber 104 is written at the wavelength of the multi-mode diode laser 106. The original output 108 from the multi-mode diode laser 106 strikes the Bragg grating 100 which reflects feedback 114 back to the diode laser 106.

Claims

1. An apparatus for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber, comprising:

a. a multi-mode diode laser having an output of electromagnetic radiation wherein the output has brightness, wavelength, and lower order and higher order spatial modes;

b. a double-clad fiber comprising an outer cladding, an inner cladding with a dopant that is substantially photoexcited by the output from the multi-mode diode laser, and an inner core substantially transparent to the output of the multi-mode diode laser, and further comprising an end whereby electromagnetic radiation can be directed into the core and cladding, and;

c. a focusing objective, wherein;

i. the multi-mode diode laser, focusing objective and double-clad fiber are aligned, such that the output from the multi-mode laser is substantially directed through the focusing objective to the end of the double-clad fiber; and

,

ii. a Bragg grating having a reflectivity is fabricated within the core of the double-clad fiber at the wavelength of the multi-mode diode laser so that output from the multi-mode diode laser is reflected back to the multi-mode diode laser such that the lower order spatial modes of the diode laser are enhanced and, thereby, the brightness of the multi-mode diode laser output that is coupled back into the core and inner cladding of the double-clad fiber is also enhanced.

2. The apparatus for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 1, wherein the multimode-mode diode laser further has a surface running perpendicular to the diode output said surface has an anti-reflective coating.

3. The apparatus for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 1, wherein the multi-mode diode laser and the Bragg grating each have a bandwidth, and the bandwidth of the Bragg grating is broadened to match the bandwidth of the multi-mode diode laser.

4. The apparatus for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 3, wherein the bandwidth of the Bragg grating is broadened by spatial chirping.

5. The apparatus for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 1, wherein the core of the double-clad fiber is substantially photosensitive to ultraviolet radiation.

6. The apparatus for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 5, wherein the Bragg grating is fabricated in the core by an ultraviolet radiation writing technique.

7. The apparatus for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 1, wherein the reflectivity of the Bragg grating is greater than 10%.

8. The apparatus for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 7, wherein the reflectivity of the Bragg grating is 100%.

9. A method for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber, wherein:

a. the multi-mode diode laser has an output of electromagnetic radiation wherein the output has brightness, wavelength, and lower order and higher order spatial modes;

b. the double-clad fiber comprises an outer cladding, an inner core that guides the output from the multi-mode diode laser, and is substantially transparent to the output of the multi-mode diode laser, and further comprises an end whereby electromagnetic radiation can be directed into the core and cladding;

said method comprising;

i. aligning the multi-mode diode laser, any focusing objectives, and the double-clad fiber such that the output from the multi-mode laser is substantially directed into the end of the double-clad fiber; and

,

ii. fabricating a Bragg grating having a reflectivity within the core of the double-clad fiber at the wavelength of the multi-mode diode laser so that output from the multi-mode diode laser is reflected back to the multi-mode diode laser such that the lower order spatial modes of the diode laser are enhanced and, thereby, the brightness of the multi-mode diode laser output that is coupled back into the core and inner cladding of the double-clad fiber is also enhanced.

10. The method for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 9, wherein the multi-mode diode laser further has a surface perpendicular to the diode laser output, and said surface has an anti-reflective coating.

11. The method for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 9, wherein the multi-mode diode laser and the Bragg grating each have a bandwidth, and the bandwidth of the Bragg grating is broadened to match the bandwidth of the multi-mode diode laser.

12. The method for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 11, wherein the bandwidth of the Bragg grating is broadened by spatial chirping.

13. The method for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 9, wherein the core of the double-clad fiber is substantially photosensitive to ultraviolet radiation.

14. The method for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 13, wherein the Bragg grating is fabricated by an ultraviolet radiation writing technique.

15. The method for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 9, wherein the reflectivity of the Bragg grating is greater than 10%.

16. The method for coupling a multi-mode diode laser to a double-clad fiber as set forth in claim 15, wherein the reflectivity of the Bragg grating is 100%.