MICROPOROUS MEMBRANES AND USES THEREOF
First Claim
1. In a membrane separation process which is pervaporation or selected from the group consisting of pressure driven membrane separation, diffusion dialysis, Donnan dialysis, electrodialysis and electrochemical synthesis effecting ionic selectivity, the improvement which comprises employing a charged membrane comprising a porous substrate and a cross-linked polyelectrolyte or hydrogel located in the pores of the substrate.
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Abstract
Charged membranes comprise a porous substrate and a cross-linked polyelectrolyte or hydrogel located in the pores of the substrate and are useful in a variety of membrane separation processes including pressure driven membrane separation, diffusion dialysis. Donnan dialysis, electrodialysis, electrochemical synthesis and pervaporation.
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Citations
38 Claims
- 1. In a membrane separation process which is pervaporation or selected from the group consisting of pressure driven membrane separation, diffusion dialysis, Donnan dialysis, electrodialysis and electrochemical synthesis effecting ionic selectivity, the improvement which comprises employing a charged membrane comprising a porous substrate and a cross-linked polyelectrolyte or hydrogel located in the pores of the substrate.
- 22. A charged membrane comprising a microporous polypropylene or polyethylene substrate and about 45 to about 100 wt % of a cross-linked polyelectrolyte or hydrogel located in the porous of the substrate, said cross-linked polyelectrolyte or hydrogel being polymerized 4-vinylpyridine which is cross-linked with from about 0.25 to about 5 wt % of total polymerized monomers in said polyelectrolyte by divinylbenzene.
- 26. A charged membrane comprising a microporous polypropylene or polyethylene substrate and a cross-linked polyelectrolyte or hydrogel located in the pores thereof which is further cross-linked by reaction with a cross-linking agent.
- 31. A charged membrane comprising a microporous polypropylene or polyethylene substrate and about 150 to about 250 wt % of the substrate of a cross-linked polyelectrolyte or hydrogel located in the pores of the substrate, said polyelectrolyte or hydrogel being polymerized 4-vinylpyridine which is cross-linked with about 15 to about 25 wt % of total polymerized monomers in said polyelectrolyte or hydrogel, by divinylbenzene and exhibiting a low electrical resistance and a low water permeability.
- 35. The charged membrane which is suitable for water treatment applications and comprising a microporous substrate about 30 to about 200 wt % cross-linked by up to about 10 wt % of in-situ polymerized monomers in the polyelectrolyte or hydrogel.
- 37. A charged membrane which is suitable for electrodialysis, diffusion dialysis and Donnan dialysis applications comprising a microporous substrate and about 50 to about 250 wt % of microporous substrate of a cross-linked in-situ polymerized polyelectrolyte or hydrogel located in the pores of the substrate and cross-linked by from about 0.25 to about 30 wt % of in-situ polymerized monomers in the polyelectrolyte or hydrogel.
Specification