Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit

• US 20030175570A1
• Filed: 03/17/2003
• Published: 09/18/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Riken
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Riken
• Inventors: Kunimoto, Akira, Gao, Yunzhi
• Granted Patent: US 6,972,162 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/30
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0204 Non-porous and characterised by the material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0206 Metals or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0228 in the form of layered or coated products
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/023 Porous and characterised by the material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0232 Metals or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0234 Carbonaceous material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0245 in the form of layered or coated products
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/10 Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1004 characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA] H01M8/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A low-cost solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit including a metal separator is provided. The cell unit has a structure that may have high corrosion resistance and durability. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit includes a polymer electrolyte membrane, a pair of gas-diffusible electrodes fixed at opposing surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane, a pair of gas-diffusible porous conductive graphite collectors fixed in contact with the outer sides of the electrodes; a pair of aluminum separators for introducing a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas to the electrodes separately from one another, and porous conductive buffer layers provided between the separator and the graphite collector, and having flexibility and air permeability. The separator surfaces in contact with the buffer layers are each provided with a conductive coating having a thickness in the range from 0.01 μm to 20 μm.

Claims

1. A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit, comprising:

(a) a polymer electrolyte membrane;

(b) a pair of gas-diffusible electrodes fixed at opposing surfaces of said polymer electrolyte membrane;

(c) a pair of gas-diffusible, porous, conductive graphite collectors fixed in contact with the outer sides of said electrodes;

(d) a pair of metal separators for introducing a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas to said electrodes separately from one another; and

(e) a porous conductive buffer layer provided between said metal separator and said graphite collector and having flexibility and air permeability.

2. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 1, wherein said buffer layer is a woven or non-woven fabric of conductive fiber of a metal, carbon, or a conductive resin, or a foamed sheet having inter-communicating pores so as to have air permeability.

3. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 1, wherein at least a surface of said buffer layer in contact with said metal separator is coated with a metal or a conductive resin such that the porosity is not impeded.

4. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 3, wherein the metal coating the surface of said buffer layer is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, Ag, Ti, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, Fe and alloys thereof.

5. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 1, wherein said buffer layer is a woven or non-woven fabric of conductive fiber, and said conductive fiber is coated with a metal or a conductive resin.

6. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 5, wherein the metal coating said conductive fiber is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, Ag, Ti, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, Fe and alloys thereof.

7. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 1, wherein said buffer layer has porosity in the range from 20% to 90%.

8. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 1, wherein said buffer layer has a thickness in the range from 0.01 mm to 1.0 mm.

9. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 1, wherein at least a surface of said metal separator in contact with said buffer layer is provided with a conductive coating made of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Au, Pt, Ag, Pd, Ir, Ni, Cr and alloys thereof.

10. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 9, wherein said conductive coating on the surface of said metal separator has a thickness in the range from 0.01 μ

m to 20 μ

m.

11. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 1, wherein said metal separator is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

12. A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit, comprising:

(a) a polymer electrolyte membrane;

(b) a pair of gas-diffusible electrodes fixed at opposing surfaces of said polymer electrolyte membrane;

(c) a pair of gas-diffusible, porous members fixed in contact with the outer sides of said electrodes; and

(d) a pair of metal separators for introducing a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas to said electrodes separately from one another, at least said porous member in contact with said metal separator being provided with a conductive coating made of a corrosion-resistant metal, a conductive resin, or a conductive ceramic.

13. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 12, wherein said porous member is a woven or non-woven fabric of carbon fiber, or a carbon paper sheet.

14. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 12, wherein said porous member is a woven or non-woven fabric of resin fiber or natural fiber, or a porous resin sheet.

15. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 12, wherein said conductive coating has a thickness in the range from 0.5 μ

m to 50 μ

m.

16. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit according to claim 12, wherein said conductive buffer coating is made of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Au, Pt. Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, Ag, Ti, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, Fe and alloys thereof.