Nuclear magnetic resonance method and logging apparatus
First Claim
1. A method of extracting information about a fluid comprising:
- a) obtaining a fluid sample;
b) generating a sequence of magnetic field pulses in the fluid, the sequence comprising an initial magnetic field pulse, a first portion that follows the initial magnetic field pulse, and a second portion that follows the first portion;
c) detecting magnetic resonance signals using the second portion of the sequence;
d) modifying the first portion of the sequence, and repeating steps (b) and (c); and
e) extracting information about the fluid by determining relaxation and diffusion characteristics and their correlation based on the signals detected in steps (c) and (d).
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Accused Products
Abstract
The present invention discloses a diffusion edited pulse technique that allows information about a fluid to be extracted, comprising: a) obtaining a fluid sample; b) generating a sequence of magnetic field pulses in the fluid, the sequence comprising an initial magnetic field pulse, a first portion that follows the initial magnetic field pulse, and a second portion that follows the first portion; c) detecting magnetic resonance signals using the second portion of the sequence; d) modifying the first portion of the sequence, and repeating steps (b) and (c); and e) extracting information about the fluid by determining relaxation and diffusion characteristics and their correlation based on the signals detected in steps (c) and (d). Also disclosed is a logging tool equipped with a processor to implement the diffusion edited pulse technique.
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Citations
64 Claims
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1. A method of extracting information about a fluid comprising:
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a) obtaining a fluid sample;
b) generating a sequence of magnetic field pulses in the fluid, the sequence comprising an initial magnetic field pulse, a first portion that follows the initial magnetic field pulse, and a second portion that follows the first portion;
c) detecting magnetic resonance signals using the second portion of the sequence;
d) modifying the first portion of the sequence, and repeating steps (b) and (c); and
e) extracting information about the fluid by determining relaxation and diffusion characteristics and their correlation based on the signals detected in steps (c) and (d). - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A method of extracting information about a fluid comprising:
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a) obtaining a fluid sample;
b) generating a first sequence of magnetic field pulses in the fluid, the first sequence comprising a first portion and a second portion;
c) detecting magnetic resonance signals using the second portion of the first sequence;
d) generating at least one other sequence of magnetic field pulses in the fluid, each other sequence comprising a third portion and a fourth portion, the third portion having a different sensitivity to diffusion effects than the first portion of the first sequence and the fourth portion having a similar sensitivity to diffusion effects as the second portion of the first sequence;
e) detecting magnetic resonance signals using the fourth portion of each other sequence; and
f) analyzing the detected magnetic resonance signals to separate diffusion effects from relaxation effects. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
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37. A method of extracting information about a fluid comprising:
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a) obtaining a fluid sample;
b) generating a first sequence of magnetic field pulses in the fluid, the first sequence comprising a first series of magnetic field pulses with a first time spacing;
c) detecting spin echoes using the first series;
d) generating a second sequence of magnetic field pulses in the fluid, the second sequence comprising a second series of magnetic field pulses with a second time spacing and a third series of magnetic field pulses with the first time spacing, the second spacing being greater than the first time spacing;
e) detecting spin echoes using the third series; and
f) extracting information about the fluid using spin echoes detected using the first series and spill echoes detected using the third series. - View Dependent Claims (38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45)
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46. A logging apparatus comprising:
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a logging tool that is moveable through a borehole, wherein said logging tool is equipped with a fluid sampling means; and
a processor that is coupled with the logging tool, the processor being programmed with instructions which, when executed by the processor;
cause the logging tool to;
i) generate a sequence of magnetic field pulses in a fluid sample, the sequence comprising an initial magnetic field pulse, a first portion, and a second portion;
ii) detect magnetic resonance signals produced from the fluid sample using the second portion of the sequence;
iii) modify the first portion of the sequence and repeat steps (i) and (ii); and
cause the processor to;
iv) analyze magnetic resonance signals from a time relative to the initial magnetic field pulse and extract information about the fluid sample. - View Dependent Claims (47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52)
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53. A logging apparatus comprising:
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a logging tool that is moveable through a borehole, wherein said logging tool is equipped with a fluid sampling means; and
a processor that is coupled with the logging tool, the processor being programmed with instructions which, when executed by the processor;
cause the logging tool to;
i) generate a first sequence of magnetic field pulses in a fluid sample, the first sequence comprising a first portion and a second portion;
ii) detect magnetic resonance spin echoes produced from the fluid sample using the second portion of the first sequence;
iii) generate at least one other sequence of magnetic field pulses in the fluid sample, each other sequence comprising a third portion and a fourth portion, the third portion having a different sensitivity to diffusion effects than the first portion of the first sequence and the fourth portion having a similar sensitivity to diffusion effects as the second portion of the first sequence;
iv) detect magnetic resonance spin echoes produced from the fluid sample using the fourth portion of each other sequence; and
cause the processor to;
v) analyze detected spin echoes to separate diffusion effects from relaxation effects. - View Dependent Claims (54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60)
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61. A logging apparatus comprising:
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means for sampling a formation fluid;
means for generating a sequence of magnetic field pulses in a formation fluid sample, the sequence comprising an initial magnetic field pulse, a first portion and a second portion;
means for detecting magnetic resonance signals using the second portion;
means for modifying the first portion; and
means for analyzing magnetic resonance signals from a time relative to the initial magnetic field pulse to extract information about the formation fluid. - View Dependent Claims (62)
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63. A logging apparatus comprising:
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means for sample a formation fluid;
means for generating a first sequence of magnetic field pulses in the formation fluid sample, the first sequence comprising a first portion and a second portion;
means for detecting magnetic resonance signals from the formation fluid sample using the second portion of the first sequence;
means for generating at least one other sequence of magnetic field pulses in the formation fluid sample, each other sequence comprising a third portion and a fourth portion, the third portion having a different sensitivity to diffusion effects than the first portion of the first sequence and the fourth portion having a similar sensitivity to diffusion effects as the second portion of the first sequence;
means for detecting magnetic resonance signals from the formation fluid sample using the fourth portion of each other sequence; and
means for analyzing magnetic resonance signals to separate diffusion effects from surface and bulk relaxation effects. - View Dependent Claims (64)
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Specification