Nonaqueous liquid electrolyte

• US 20030180625A1
• Filed: 06/12/2002
• Published: 09/25/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/22/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Quallion, LLC (EnerSys), Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (University of Wisconsin System)
• Original Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (University of Wisconsin System)
• Inventors: Tsukamoto, Hisashi, Hyung, Yoo-Eup, Amine, Khalil, Vissers, Donald R., Oh, Bookeun
• Granted Patent: US 7,498,102 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/313
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 83/12 containing polyether sequences
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/122 Ionic conductors
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 9/022 Electrolytes; Absorbents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0431 Cells with wound or folded electrodes H01M10/045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0585 of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0587 of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/38 Construction or manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0025 Organic electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/181 with polymeric electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

Disclosed is a nonaqueous and nonvolatile liquid type polymeric electrolyte comprising poly(siloxane-g-ethylene oxide). This electrolyte provides significant safety and stability. The present invention solves the problems of volatility, flammability and chemical reactivity of lithium ion type electrolytes. The disclosed electrolyte exhibits excellent stability, conductivity and low impedance characteristics. The electrolyte comprises a new class of structural siloxane polymers with one or more poly(ethylene oxide) side chains. The inorganic siloxanes comprising the main backbone of the copolymers are thermally very stable and resistant to decomposition by heat. Because the main chain of the disclosed class of electrolytes is an Si—O linkage, initiation of the combustion cycle is inhibited or prevented.

Claims

10-1. The nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the oxygen versus lithium ratio is 5:

1 to 50;

1.

34. A nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte having an ionic conductivity of at least 6×

10<sup>−

4</sup> S/cm at 25°

C.

36. The nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 34 further characterized by having ionic conductivity of at least 8.4×

10<sup>−

4</sup> S/cm at 37°

C.

37. A lithium secondary battery containing the nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 34.

38. A capacitor containing the nonaqucous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 34.

41. The nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 34 wherein said electrolyte is nonvolatile.

43. The nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 34 wherein said electrolyte is electrochemically stable over 4.5 V.

45. The nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 36 wherein said electrolyte is nonvolatile.

46. The nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 36 wherein said electrolyte is electrochemically stable over 4.5 V.

35. A nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte having an ionic conductivity of at least 8.4×

10<sup>−

4</sup> S/cm at 37°

C.

39. A lithium secondary battery containing the nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 35.

40. A capacitor containing the nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 35.

42. The nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 35 wherein said electrolyte is nonvolatile.

44. The nonaqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte of claim 35 wherein said electrolyte is electrochemically stable over 4.5 V.