Efficiency improvements in scalable audio coding

• US 20030220783A1
• Filed: 03/12/2003
• Published: 11/27/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/12/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: HMD Global Oy
• Original Assignee: Nokia Corporation
• Inventors: Streich, Sebastian, Vilermo, Miikka
• Granted Patent: US 7,277,849 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 704/200.1
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/24 Variable rate codecs, e.g. for generating different qualities using a scalable representation such as hierarchical encoding or layered encoding
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/66 for reducing bandwidth of signals; for improving efficiency of transmission H04B1/68 takes precedence

Abstract

An audio encoding method of coding audio signals into a layered data stream having a first layer and a second layer is presented. The second layer serves as an enhancement of the first layer. The method involves forming an original digital audio signal, encoding the original signal to obtain a first layer signal, producing a residual signal to reflect a difference between the original signal and the first layer signal, selecting either the original signal or the residual signal for encoding, and producing a second layer signal by encoding the selected signal. Moreover, the residual signal is evaluated and, in case the result of the evaluation meets given criteria, a predetermined low-entropy signal is selected to be encoded as the second layer signal, instead of the original signal or the residual signal.

Claims

1. An audio encoding method of coding audio signal into a layered data stream having a first layer and a second layer, said second layer serving as an enhancement of said first layer, the method comprising the steps of

forming an original digital audio signal;

encoding said original signal to obtain a first layer signal;

producing a residual signal to reflect a difference between the original signal and the first layer signal;

evaluating the residual signal; and

, in case the result of the evaluation meets given criteria,

selecting a predetermined low-entropy signal to be encoded as a second layer signal, and, otherwise,

selecting either said original signal or said residual signal to be encoded as said second layer signal; and

producing said second layer signal by encoding said selected signal.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said original digital audio signal and said residual signal comprise a plurality of frequency bands, and wherein said steps of evaluating said residual signal and selecting said predetermined low-entropy signal are performed individually for said plurality of frequency bands.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said step of evaluating includes comparing the residual signal to a masking threshold and wherein said criteria include that the residual signal is found to be below the masking threshold.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said step of evaluating includes calculating an error caused by quantization of either said original signal or said residual signal.

5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said criteria include that the error caused by quantization is perceptible.

6. A method according to claim 4, wherein said criteria include that the error caused by quantization is larger than the residual signal.

7. A method according to claim 2, comprising the additional step of increasing the bit rate of at least one of said plurality of frequency bands, for which said predetermined uniform signal has not been selected.

8. A method according to claim 2, comprising the additional step of reducing the total bit rate for said plurality of frequency bands as a whole.

9. A method according to claim 2, comprising the additional step of reducing the quantization error of at least one of said plurality of frequency bands, for which said predetermined uniform signal has not been selected.

10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined low-entropy signal is a constant low-amplitude signal.

11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined low-entropy signal has zero amplitude.

12. A method according to claim 1, wherein said first layer signal is a core layer signal.

13. A method according to claim 12, wherein said first layer signal is produced by Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband (AMR WE) encoding.

14. A method according to claim 1, wherein said second layer signal is produced by AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) encoding.

15. A method according to claim 2, comprising the additional steps of

accumulating, for said plurality of frequency bands, a core layer quality measure by summing together the differences between the masking thresholds and the residual signals for the individual frequency bands, and

using the core layer quality when evaluating the residual signal.

16. A method according to claim 1, comprising the additional step of decoding said first layer signal to obtain a decoded first layer signal, wherein the residual signal reflects a difference between the original signal and the decoded first layer signal.

17. A computer program product directly loadable into a memory of a processor, wherein the computer program product comprises program code for performing the method according to claim 1 when executed by said processor.

18. An integrated circuit, which is adapted to perform the method according to claim 1.

19. An audio encoder for coding audio signals into a layered data stream having a first layer and a second layer, said second layer serving as an enhancement of said first layer, the encoder comprising

a first encoder element, capable of encoding an original digital audio signal into a first layer signal;

a subtracting unit adapted to produce a residual signal to reflect a difference between the original signal and the first layer signal;

a first selector adapted to select either said original signal or said residual signal for encoding as a second layer signal;

a second encoder element, capable of producing said second layer signal by encoding said selected signal;

an evaluating unit adapted to evaluate the residual signal and provide an indication that the result of the evaluation meets given criteria; and

a second selector, said second selector being associated with said evaluating unit and being adapted, upon receiving said indication, to select, instead of said original signal or said residual signal, a predetermined low-entropy signal to be encoded by said second encoder element.

20. An audio encoder according to claim 19, wherein said original digital audio signal and said residual signal comprise a plurality of frequency bands, and wherein said evaluating unit and said second selector are adapted to operate on individual ones of said plurality of frequency bands.

21. An audio encoder according to claim 19, wherein said first encoder element is an Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) encoder.

22. An audio encoder according to claim 19, wherein said second encoder element is an AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) encoder.

23. An audio transcoder comprising an audio decoder, wherein said audio decoder is adapted to receive and decode an audio input signal, which is encoded according to an audio encoding technique known per se, the audio transcoder further comprising an audio encoder according to claim 19.

28. A station for a mobile telecommunications network, comprising an audio encoder according to claim 19.

29. A station as in claim 28, wherein the station is a base station.

30. A station as in claim 28, wherein the station is a mobile terminal.

34. A station for a mobile telecommunications network, comprising an audio transcoder according to claim 23.

35. A station as in claim 34, wherein the station is a base station.

36. A station as in claim 34, wherein the station is a mobile terminal.

24. An audio decoder, comprising:

means for receiving a layered data stream containing an encoded first layer signal and at least one encoded second layer signal;

a first decoder element capable of decoding the first layer signal;

a second decoder element capable of decoding the second layer signal;

means for determining a perceptual quality measure for the second layer signal;

means for deciding whether the perceptual quality measure meets predetermined criteria;

means for combining the second layer signal with the first layer signal to produce a decoded output signal, if said perceptual quality measure meets said criteria; and

means for producing the decoded output signal from the first layer signal alone, if said perceptual quality measure does not meet said criteria.

25. An audio decoder as in claim 24, wherein said perceptual quality measure is included in the received layered data stream.

26. An audio decoder as in claim 24, further comprising means for deriving said perceptual quality measure by identifying, in the decoded second layer signal, unnatural audio components.

27. An audio decoder as in claim 26, wherein said unnatural audio component include at least one of spikes, noise or unexpected waveforms.

31. A station for a mobile telecommunications network, comprising an audio decoder according to claim 24.

32. A station as in claim 31, wherein the station is a base station.

33. A station as in claim 31, wherein the station is a mobile terminal.