System and method for planning and ordering components for a configure-to-order manufacturing process

• US 20030229550A1
• Filed: 06/07/2002
• Published: 12/11/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/2002
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Kotecki, Amanda Joyce, McKenna, Shirley Mary, DiPrima, Joseph Alfred, Kelly, Thomas Albert
• Application Number:
  US10/165,163
• Publication Number:
  US 20030229550A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 705/28
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/087 Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders

Abstract

A computer-implemented method for planning and implementing the ordering of component parts provides for inputs customers ordering products and from suppliers, indicating whether they can supply component parts to meet net demand levels during specified time periods. The planning method is performed on an ongoing basis, such as on a weekly basis with data being prepared for the current week and for the next twelve weeks. The method is particularly adapted to be used for a number of fixed configuration products and additionally for a number of configure-to-order products, the configuration of which is specified in customer orders.

Claims

1. A system for planning ordering of components for a plurality of products comprising:

communication means for communicating over a computer network;

data storage storing

a demand forecast data structure storing data describing volumes of components for products within said plurality thereof expected to be required during time periods within a plurality of time periods,

a customer order log data structure storing data describing orders placed by customers over said computer network for products within said plurality thereof for said time periods,

a supplier order log data structure storing data describing orders placed with suppliers for components of said products,

a net demand forecast data structure describing volumes of said components remaining to be ordered for said time periods,

a committed parts data structure storing data describing volumes of said components committed over said computer network by suppliers of said components to be supplied for said time periods, and

a committed volumes data structure storing data describing volumes of said products which can be built with volumes of said components within said committed parts data structure; and

processor means programmed to

determine volumes of said components to be stored in said net demand forecast data structure for said time periods by subtracting volumes of components from said supplier order backlog data structure from volumes of components within said demand forecast data structure,

prepare data from said net demand data structure for said time periods for transmission to suppliers of said components, and

determine, for storage of data in said committed volumes data structure, volumes of said products to be built for said time periods with components for which data is stored in said committed parts data structure.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of time periods includes a present time period and a number of sequential future time periods.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein

said plurality of products includes a configure-to-order product, and

said orders placed by customers include configuration specifications for said configure-to-order product.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein

said data storage additionally stores a bill of materials data structure,

said bill of materials data structure includes a plurality of building block data structures,

each building block data structure in said plurality of building block data structures includes data describing a portion of components required to build a configuration of said configure-to-order product,

said configure-to-order product includes components described in a number of said building block data structures.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein

said data describing volumes of components in said demand forecast data structure and in said net demand forecast data structure includes data identifying said building block data structures, and

said processor means is additionally programmed to:

determine component requirements from said building block data structures in said bill of materials data structure in preparing data from said net demand data structure for said time periods for transmission to suppliers of said components, and

determine a volume of said configure-to-order product to be built from said building block data structures in said bill of materials data structure in determining, for storage of data in said committed volumes data structure, volumes of said products to be built for said time periods with components for which data is stored in said committed parts data structure.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein

said plurality of products additionally includes a fixed configuration product,

said bill of materials data structure additionally includes a product data structure including data describing components required to build said fixed configuration product,

said data describing volumes of components in said demand forecast data structure and in said net demand forecast data structure includes data identifying said product data structure, and

said processor means is additionally programmed to:

determine component requirements from said product data structure in said bill of materials data structure in preparing data from said net demand data structure for said time periods for transmission to suppliers of said components, and

determine a volume of said fixed demand product to be built from said product data structure in said bill of materials data structure in determining, for storage of data in said committed volumes data structure, volumes of said products to be built for said time periods with components for which data is stored in said committed parts data structure.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein said data describing volumes of products stored in said committed volumes data structure includes data identifying a product data structure describing said fixed configuration product and data describing building block data structures describing said configure-to-order product.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein

said plurality of products includes a plurality of fixed configuration products,

said data storage additionally includes a bill of material data structure,

said bill of materials data structure includes a product data structure having data describing components required to build said fixed configuration product for each fixed configuration product in said plurality of fixed configuration products, and

said processor means is additionally programmed to:

determine component requirements from each said product data structure in said bill of materials data structure in preparing data from said net demand data structure for said time periods for transmission to suppliers of said components, and

determine a volume of each said fixed demand product to be built from said product data structure in said bill of materials data structure in determining, for storage of data in said committed volumes data structure, volumes of said products to be built for said time periods with components for which data is stored in said committed parts data structure.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein said processor means resides in a single computer system.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein said processor means resides in a plurality of computer system connected to transmit data to one another.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein said processor means is additionally programmed to determine from said committed volumes data structure whether a product ordered by a customer for a specific time period is available within said specific time period.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein

said data storage additionally stores a committed volumes by customer data structure, and

said processor means is additionally programmed to store data in said committed volumes by customer data structure in response to a determination that said product ordered by a customer for a specific time period is available within said specific time period.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein said processor means is additionally programmed to notify a customer that an order is confirmed in response to said determination that said product ordered by a customer for a specific time period is available within said specific time period.

14. The system of claim 1, additionally comprising a display and a selection device, wherein said processor means is additionally programmed to:

cause data representing said data structures to be displayed, and

accept inputs from said selection device to change data in said data structures.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein

said data storage additionally stores an execution volumes data structure describing volumes of said components to be ordered for said time periods, and

said processor means is additionally programmed

to store data in said execution volumes data structure, and

to generate orders to suppliers for volumes of said components described in said execution volumes data structure.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein

said plurality of products include a configure-to-order product and a fixed configuration product

said orders placed by customers include configuration specifications for said configure-to-order product,

said data storage additionally stores a bill of materials data structure,

said bill of materials data structure includes a plurality of building block data structures and a product data structure.

each building block data structure in said plurality of building block data structures includes data describing a portion of components required to build a configuration of said configure-to-order product,

said configure-to-order product includes components described in a number of said building block data structures,

said product data structure includes data describing components required to build said fixed configuration product, and

said processor means is additionally programmed to determine components to be ordered from data stored in said bill of materials data base and said execution volumes data structure.

17. Data storage having recorded thereon computer readable data for use in a process ordering component parts for fixed configuration products and for configure-to-order products, wherein

said computer readable data comprises a plurality of product data structures, a plurality of building block data structures, and a planning data structure for storing data used in planning, wherein

each product data structure in said plurality of product data structures includes entries listing each component part within a fixed configuration product associated with said product data structure and a quantity of said component part within said fixed configuration product associated with said product data structure,

each building block data structure in said plurality of building block data structures includes entries describing component parts associated with said building block data structure forming a portion of a configure-to-order product and a quantity of said component part within said portion of said configure-to-order part,

each of said configure-to-order products includes component parts within a number of building block data structures in said plurality of building block data structures, and

said planning data structure includes:

a plurality of fixed-configuration product entries identifying a product data structure in said plurality of product data structures;

a plurality of configure-to-order entries identifying a configure-to-order product; and

a plurality of building bock entries associated with each of said configure-to-order entries, wherein each of said building block entries identifies a building block data structure in said plurality of building block data structures, and wherein said component parts described in said building block data structure are used within a version of said configure-to-order product.

18. The data storage of claim 17, wherein said plurality of building block entries are associated with said configure-to-order product entry by being disposed in an uninterrupted sequence of entries directly following said configure-to-order product entry.

19. The data storage of claim 18, wherein

said planning data structure includes a data field identifying an attach rate within each said building block entry, and

said attach rate represents a planned portion of said configure-to-order products including components described in said building block data structure identified within said building block entry.

20. The data storage of claim 19, wherein

said planning data structure additionally includes a data field identifying a minimum quantity within each said building block entry, and

said minimum quantity represents a minimum quantity of said components described in said building block data structure identified within said building block entry to be included within said configure-to-order product.

21. The data storage of claim 17, wherein

said planning data structure includes a plurality of planning volume data fields,

each planning volume data field in said plurality of planning volume data fields is associated with a time period in a plurality of sequential time periods,

each planning volume data field in said plurality of planning volume data fields includes, in each fixed-configuration product entry in said plurality of fixed-configuration product entries, a number representing a planned volume of said fixed-configuration product for said time period associated with said planning volume data field, and, in each configure-to-order product entry, a number representing a planned volume of said configure-to-order product for said time period associated with said planning volume data field.

22. The data storage of claim 21, wherein each planning volume in said plurality of planning volumes includes, in each said building block entry, a number representing a planned volume of said components identified in said building block data entry identified in said building block entry for said time period associated with said planning volume data field.

23. The data storage of claim 22, wherein

said planning data structure includes an attach rate data field identifying an attach rate within each said building block entry,

said attach rate represents a planned portion of said configure-to-order products including components described in said building block data structure identified within said building block entry, and

each said number representing a planned volume in each said building block is a product of said attach rate of said building block entry and a planned volume for said time period associated with said volume data field for said configure-to-order product associated with said building block entry.

24. A method for determining a net demand volume of component parts to be ordered to build a planned volume of each product within a plurality of products and for each time period within a plurality of time periods, wherein said method comprises performing the following steps for each time period within said plurality of time periods:

(a) determining whether a volume of component parts on order is greater than a volume of component parts required to build said planned volume of said product,

(b) in response to a determination in step (a) that said volume of component parts on order is less than said volume of component parts required to build said planned volume of said product, setting a net demand variable to a difference between said volume of component parts required to build said planned volume of said product and said volume of component parts on order to a data structure,

(c) in response to a determination in step (a) that said volume of component parts on order is greater than said volume of component parts required to build said planned volume of said product, setting said net demand variable to a value of zero and determining whether a first flag is set to configure said method,

(d) in response to a determination in step (c) that said first flag is set, setting a planning volume variable to a volume equal to said volume of component parts on order to said data structure, and

(e) in response to a determination in step (c) that said first flag is not set, setting a planning volume variable to said volume of component parts required to build said planned volume of said product to said data structure.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein

step (a) is preceded by:

reading said volume of component parts on order from an entry within a supplier order log data structure, and

reading said planned volume of said product from an entry within a demand data structure; and

steps (b), (d), and (e) are each followed by;

writing said net demand variable to a net demand data structure within a field representing said time period and within an entry representing said product, and

writing said planning volume variable to a demand data structure within a field representing said time period and within an entry representing said product.

26. A method for determining a net demand volume of component parts to be ordered to build a planned volume of each configure-to-order product within a plurality of configure to order products and for each time period within a plurality of time periods, wherein

said component parts to build each said configure-to-order product are described within entries within a plurality of building block data structures,

each of said building block data structures is associated with an attach rate representing a planned portion of said configure-to-order products including component parts described in said building block data structure identified within said building block entry, and

said method comprises, for each time period within a plurality of time periods, for each configure-to-order product within said plurality of configure to order products, and for each building block data structure describing component parts

(a) determining whether a second flag is set to configure said method,

(b) in response to a determination in step (a) that said second flag has not been set, setting a volume of component parts described in said building block data structure for all of said configure-to-order product to be built during said time period to a level holding said attach rate associated with said building block data structure at a planned level of said attach rate,

(c) in response to a determination in step (a) that said second flag has been set, setting said volume of component parts described in said building block data structure to a sum of a first level determined by existing customer orders for said configure-to-order product having said component parts described in said building block data structure and a second level determined by applying said planned level of said attach rate associated with said building block data structure to a portion of a planned volume of said configure-to-order product for which customer orders have not been received,

(d) determining whether a volume of said component parts described in said building block data structure on order is greater than said volume of component parts described in said building block set in steps (b) and (c),

(e) in response to determining in step (d) that said volume of said component parts described in said building block data structure on order is not greater than said volume of component parts described in said building block set in steps (b) and (c), setting a net demand volume variable to a difference between said volume of component parts described in said building block set in steps (b) and (c),

(f) in response to determining in step (d) that said volume of component parts described in said building block data structure on order is greater than said volume of component parts described in said building block set in steps (b) and (c), setting said net demand volume variable to a level of zero and determining whether a first flag is set to configure said method,

(g) in response to determining in step (f) that said first flag is set, setting a planning volume variable to a volume equal to said volume of said component parts described in said building block data structure on order, and

(h) in response to determining in step (f) that said first flag is not set, setting said planning volume variable to a volume equal to said volume of component parts described in said building block set in steps (b) and (c),

27. The method of claim 26, wherein

step (b) is preceded by:

reading said volume of component parts described in said building block data structure on order from an entry within a supplier order log data structure, and

reading said planned volume of said component parts described in said building block data structure from an entry within a demand data structure;

step (e) is followed by writing said net demand variable to a net demand data structure within a field representing said time period and within an entry representing said building block data structure; and

steps (g), and (h) are each followed by;

writing said net demand variable to a net demand data structure within a field representing said time period and within an entry representing said building block data structure, and

writing said planning volume variable to a demand data structure within a field representing said time period and within an entry representing said building block data structure.

28. A method for determining volumes of groups of component parts to order within constraints of a planned demand for products built with said component parts and within constraints of an available supply of said component parts, during a plurality of time periods, wherein said method comprises:

(a) for each time period within said plurality of time periods, and for each of said groups, determining a supplier of each component part, and for each supplier of component parts within said groups of component parts, generating a parts demand data structure describing each of said component parts supplied by said supplier in a volume required to meet said planned demand for products built with said component parts;

(b) transmitting data from said parts demand data structure for each said supplier to said supplier;

(c) for each said supplier, receiving data describing a volume of said component parts described within said data from said parts demand data structure that can be supplied during said each said time period, and writing said data received from said supplier to a committed parts data structure; and

(d) for each of said component parts, determinating a cumulative supply volume from said data received from said suppliers and a cumulative demand volume from said planned demand for products built with said component parts for each time period within said plurality of time periods;

(e) for each of said groups, and for each time period within said plurality of time periods, determining a maximum volume of said group that can be built within said time period, wherein a volume of each component part in said maximum volume of said group is not greater than said cumulative supply volume of said component part, and wherein said volume of each component part in said maximum volume of said group is not greater than said cumulative demand volume of said component part, and writing said maximum volume of each said group to a committed group volumes data structure.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein, for each said time period and for each of said groups, step (a) includes:

reading an entry within a net demand data structure identifying a net volume and a bill of materials listing component parts within said group; and

for each entry in said bill of materials, performing the following steps (f) through (h);

(f) multiplying a quantity of a component identified in said entry of said bill of materials by said net volume from said net demand data structure to determine a demand volume of said component;

(g) determining a supplier of said component; and

(h) writing an entry identifying said component and said demand volume to a parts demand data structure associated with said supplier.

30. The method of claim 28, wherein

step (b) includes transmitting said data from said parts demand data structure to a computer system of said supplier over a computer network, and

step (c) includes receiving said data describing a volume of said component parts from said supplier over said computer network.

31. The method of claim 28, wherein step (d) includes:

for each entry within a net demand data structure identifying a net volume of a group and a bill of materials data structure listing component parts for said group, reading said entry and finding said bill of materials data structure identified within said entry; and

for each entry within said bill of materials data structure, performing the following steps (i) through (k);

(i) reading a supply volume for a component part identified within said entry, received from said supplier of said component part and written to said committed parts data structure in step (c);

(j) reading a demand volume for said component part from said net demand data structure;

(k) for each time period within said plurality of time periods, generating a cumulative supply volume as a sum of said supply volume for said time period and of each supply volume for a period within said plurality of time periods preceding said time period, generating a cumulative demand volume as a sum of said demand volume for said time period and of each demand volume for a period within said plurality of time periods preceding said time period, writing said cumulative supply volume to a cumulative supply by parts data structure, and writing said cumulative demand volume to a cumulative demand by parts data structure.

32. The method of claim 28, wherein step (e) includes:

for each time period within said plurality of time periods, with said time periods being considered in sequential order, and for each entry within a net demand data structure identifying a net volume of a group and a bill of materials data structure listing component parts for said group, reading said entry and finding said bill of materials data structure identified within said entry; and

for each entry within said bill of materials data structure, performing the following steps (I) through (n);

(l) calculating a first maximum volume of a group including said cumulative supply volume of a component part identified in said entry within said bill of materials data structure;

(m) calculating a second maximum volume of said group including said cumulative demand volume of said component part identified in said entry within said bill of materials data structure; and

(n) determining a volume of said group constrained by said component part as a lower value of said first and second maximum volumes;

determining a maximum constrained volume of said group as a minimum of said volumes of said group constrained by each component part within said bill of materials data structure listing component parts for said group;

writing said maximum constrained volume of said group to a committed volumes data structure; and

reducing said cumulative supply and demand volumes for each time period in said plurality of time periods following said time period being considered, and for each component part within said group by said volume of component parts within said maximum constrained volume of said group.

33. The method of claim 28, wherein

said products include a plurality of fixed configuration products, and

each of said fixed configuration products includes component parts described in a group within said groups of component parts.

34. The method of claim 28, wherein

said products include a plurality of configure-to-order products,

each of said configure-to-order products includes component parts described in a plurality of building block data structures, and

each of said building block data structures includes component parts described in a group within said groups of component parts.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein step (e) is followed by the following steps (o) and (p):

(o) for each of said groups including blocks described in a building block data structure, determinating a cumulative supply volume from said committed group volume data structure and a cumulative demand volume from said planned demand for products built with said component parts from said building block data structures, for each time period within said plurality of time periods;

(p) for each of said configure-to-order products, and for each time period within said plurality of time periods, determining a maximum volume of said configure-to-order product that can be built within said time period, wherein a volume of component parts in each said building block data structure within said configure to order product is not greater than said cumulative supply volume of component parts described within said building block data structure, and wherein said volume of each component part in said configure-to-order product is not greater than said cumulative demand volume of said component parts within said building block data structure, and writing said maximum volume of each said configure-to-order product to a committed product volumes data structure.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein step (o) includes:

for each entry within a net demand data structure identifying a net volume of a group including components included within a building block data structure within said plurality of building block data structures and a bill of materials data structure listing component parts for said group, performing the following steps;

(i) reading a supply volume for said group from a committed volumes data structure;

(j) reading a demand volume for said group from said net demand data structure;

(k) for each time period within said plurality of time periods, generating a cumulative supply volume as a sum of said supply volume for said time period and of each supply volume for a period within said plurality of time periods preceding said time period, generating a cumulative demand volume as a sum of said demand volume for said time period and of each demand volume for a period within said plurality of time periods preceding said time period, writing said cumulative supply volume to a cumulative supply by group data structure, and writing said cumulative demand volume to a cumulative demand by group data structure.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein step (p) includes:

for each time period within said plurality of time periods, with said time periods being considered in sequential order, and for each entry within a net demand data structure identifying a net volume of a group including components included within a building block data structure within said plurality of said building block data structures, performing the following steps;

(l) calculating a first maximum volume of a configure-to-order product including a cumulative supply volume of said group;

(m) calculating a second maximum volume of said configure-to-order product including said cumulative demand volume of said group;

(n) determining a volume of said configure-to-order product constrained by said group as a lower value of said first and second maximum volumes;

determining a maximum constrained volume of said configure-to-order product as a minimum of said volumes of said configure-to-order product constrained by each of said groups;

writing said maximum constrained volume of said group to a committed product volumes data structure; and

reducing said cumulative supply and demand volumes for each time period in said plurality of time periods following said time period being considered, and for each said group including components described within a building block data structure by said volume of said group within said maximum constrained volume of said configure-to-order product.

38. A method for planning ordering of component parts for products within a plurality of products over a number of time periods in accordance with customer orders for said products, wherein

said method comprises sequentially performing a planning process during sequentially occurring time periods,

said planning process is performed for a plurality of time periods, and

said planning process includes:

determining demand volumes of groups of said component parts needed for planning volumes of said products in each time period within said plurality of time periods;

determining net volumes of said groups of said component parts by subtracting volumes of said groups on order from said demand volumes;

deriving volumes of said component parts from said net volumes of said groups;

transmitting volumes of said component parts to suppliers of said component parts;

receiving committed volumes of said component parts from said suppliers of said component parts;

deriving committed volumes of said groups of said component parts from said committed volumes of said committed parts;

deriving committed volumes of said products from said committed volumes of said groups;

receiving orders from customers for said products;

deriving committed customer ordered volumes of said products from orders from customers for volumes of said products within said committed volumes of said products;

transmitting committed status information to said customers in response to deriving committed customer ordered volumes of said products, and

ordering volumes of said component parts from said suppliers.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein

said products include fixed configuration products and configure-to-order products,

said groups of component parts include product groups including component parts for said fixed configuration products and building blocks including portions of component parts for said configure-to-order products, and

said orders from customers include configuration specifications of said configure-to-order products.

40. The method of claim 39, additionally comprising:

receiving an input through a user interface modifying said planning volumes of said products, and

receiving an input through a user interface modifying volumes of said component parts ordered from said suppliers.