Watermark fonts

• US 20040001606A1
• Filed: 06/28/2002
• Published: 01/01/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 06/28/2002
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Original Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Inventors: Levy, Kenneth L.
• Application Number:
  US10/187,252
• Publication Number:
  US 20040001606A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 15/1831 characterized by the format of the data
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0021 Image watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0051 Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0062 Embedding of the watermark in text images, e.g. watermarking text documents using letter skew, letter distance or row distance

Abstract

A method of embedding and detecting a digital watermark in a rendered document, such as printed or displayed document, by using a watermark font. The watermark font has multiple representations of each character, wherein each character representation is visibly similar but the difference can be detected in the rendered version of the font by a computer. This watermarking system can efficiently be used to identify and forensically track all rendered, especially printed, documents. In fact, if each character is represented twice, the system can use standard ANSI characters between character codes 0 and 127, and a slightly modified version of each of these characters represented with character codes 128 to 255, such that each version of a character carries a bit. For this example, the watermark embedding process is as simple as whether or not to add 128 to the standard ANSI code. Furthermore, if the character codes are modified before the file is saved, the character codes carry the watermark within the electronic file, as well as the rendered characters carry the watermark in the rendered version.

Claims

1. A method of embedding a digital watermark in a text document having text characters represented as character codes, the method comprising:

providing a digital message comprising message symbols;

providing a watermarking font representing text characters with sets of alternative image character representations, where the alternative image character representations correspond to different message symbols and appear similar to a viewer but are distinguishable by an automatic reader;

to hide a message symbol from the digital message in one or more text characters of the text document, selecting a predetermined image character representation of the one or more text characters corresponding to the message symbol to be hidden in the one or more text characters; and

inserting the predetermined image character representation into the text document.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the watermarking font represents a set of text characters, and each character in the set has alternative character codes corresponding to alternative image representations for the character.

3. The method of claim 1 modifying character codes of characters in the text document so that the modified character codes identify image representations of the characters corresponding to the message symbols to be hidden in the text characters.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein modifying the character codes comprises adding a value to the character codes to compute modified character codes that index an alternative image representation of the characters in the watermarking font.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the modifying is performed on character codes in a text document before the character codes are rasterized into image representations for printing or display.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the modifying is performed on a text document in response to a request to render the document.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the modifying is performed to embed a source identifier in text document, where the source identifier identifies a source of rendering the text document.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the digital message includes spreading a message over a carrier signal to produce the message symbols.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the carrier comprises a pseudorandom signal.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the digital message includes error correction coding a message to produce the message symbols.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the digital message includes providing a set of fixed symbols and a set of variable message symbols for embedding a variable identifier in the text document.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the fixed symbols comprise a synchronization sequence for enabling detection of a reference point for reading the symbols in the variable message.

13. A computer readable medium including instructions for performing the method of claim 1.

14. The method of claim 1 including:

hiding the message symbols in the text document by selecting from among predetermined image representations in the watermarking font corresponding to the message symbols; and

performing the hiding while saving the text document to a file such that character codes are changed in a saved file.

15. The method of claim 1 including:

hiding the message symbols in the text document by selecting from among predetermined image representations in the watermarking font corresponding to the message symbols; and

performing the hiding at a rendering interface such that all rendered versions of the text document are digitally watermarked using the watermarking font.

16. The method of claim 1 including:

hiding the message symbols in the text document by selecting from among predetermined image representations in the watermarking font corresponding to the message symbols; and

performing the hiding in printer hardware as the text document is being processed for printing.

17. A method of automatically reading a digital watermark from text characters in a rasterized version of a text document, the method comprising:

performing character recognition on the text characters in the rasterized version to determine font size and line orientation of the text characters in the text document; and

comparing image representations of the text characters to at least one preset character representation in a watermarking font for similarity to extract one or more auxiliary data symbols in a digital watermark message hidden in the text document.

18. The method of claim 17 where two or more preset representations of the same character are correlated to a character image found in the text document to extract a message symbol embedded in the character image.

19. A method of creating a digital watermark font comprising:

providing text characters; and

providing a set of at least two image representations for the text characters in the set, wherein the at least two image representations correspond to different data symbols and appear substantially similar to a viewer, yet are distinguishable by an automated reader.

20. The method of claim 19 with at least two versions of a set of text characters, with one version having character codes matching that of the standard ANSI character codes between 0 and 127, and another version having character codes within character codes 128 to 255, such that adding 128 to the character codes for the first version gives another version of the same character.

21. A method of reading a digital watermark embedded in a text document, the method comprising:

receiving image representations of text characters in an image representation of a text document;

for text characters in the text document, identifying which one of a set of alternative image representations of the text character in a watermarking font corresponds to the received image representation; and

extracting a sequence of message symbols embedded in the text document by finding message symbols corresponding to the identified image representation, wherein the alternative image representations for a text character appear substantially similar to a viewer but are distinguishable by an automatic reader, and correspond different message symbols.

22. The method of claim 21 including:

performing character recognition on the image representation of the text document to identify the image representations of the text characters and corresponding characters.

23. The method of claim 21 including:

processing the sequence of message symbols with a data carrier sequence to extract a message payload.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein the data carrier sequence comprises a pseudorandom number.