Transmitting and receiving methods

• US 20040002364A1
• Filed: 01/23/2003
• Published: 01/01/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Nokia Corporation
• Inventors: Trikkonen, Olav, Kokkonen, Mikko, Kallojarvi, Kari, Kashaev, Rinat
• Granted Patent: US 7,773,685 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 455/562.1
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0009 by adapting the channel coding H04L1/1812 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0042 Encoding specially adapted to other signal generation operation, e.g. in order to reduce transmit distortions, jitter, or to improve signal shape H04L1/0067 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0048 in conjunction with detection of multiuser or interfering signals, e.g. iteration between CDMA or MIMO detector and FEC decoder for spatial equalizer H04L25/03286
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0069 Puncturing patterns
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0618 Space-time coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0662 Limited orthogonality systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0023 Time-frequency-space
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0044 allocation of payload
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0048 Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0058 Allocation criteria

Abstract

This invention describes a wireless system comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, wherein each transmitter has between 1 and n antennas and each receiver has between 1 and m antennas wherein one of said transmitter is arranged to transmit to one of the receivers, said one transmitter is controlled in dependence on at least one of at least one parameter of said transmitters, at least one parameter of said receiver, and at least one parameter of a wireless environment between said transmitter and said receiver.

Claims

1. A wireless system comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, wherein each transmitter has between 1 and n antennas and each receiver has between 1 and m antennas wherein one of said transmitter is arranged to transmit to one of the receivers, said one transmitter is controlled in dependence on at least one of:

at least one parameter of said transmitter;

at least one parameter of said receiver; and

at least one parameter of a wireless environment between said transmitter and said receiver.

2. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one parameter of said transmitter comprises at least one of:

Number of antennas;

available time slots;

available frequency;

available frequency subcarrier;

available codes;

antenna polarization.

3. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter of said receiver comprises:

Number of antennas;

computational capacity of said receiver;

service required by said receiver;

one or more parameters of a service required by said receiver;

quality of service required by said receiver; and

data rate required by said receiver.

4. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one parameter of said wireless environment comprises:

Propagation characteristic of said environment.

5. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein an estimate is provided based on the number of values above a threshold.

6. A system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the estimate is based on the number of singular values above a threshold.

7. A system as claimed in claim 5, wherein said estimate is an estimate of a practical rank number.

8. A system as claimed in claim 5, wherein said transmitter is arranged to send a signal to the receiver, the receiver using the sent signal to determine the estimate.

9. A system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the transmitter is arranged to estimate the estimate from a signal sent from the receiver.

10. A system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said sent signal is a reference signal.

11. A system according to claim 5, whereby the estimate is defined with reference to at least one of

a relative threshold, an absolute threshold.

12. A system according to claim 11 whereby a relative threshold is defined by a combination of singular/eigenvalues of a radio frequency environment channel matrix.

13. A system according to claim 11, whereby an absolute threshold is defined by the Signal to Noise and Interference Ratio (SNIR).

14. A system as claimed in claim 5, wherein said estimate is used by said transmitter in determining in at least one of coding, modulation, power, beamforming, interleaving, error correction and antenna arrangement of said transmitter.

15. A system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the number of different parallel channels transmitted on the same set of orthogonal transmission resources is less than or equal to the estimate.

16. A system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said set of orthogonal transmission resources comprises at least one of frequency, spreading code, time and direction.

17. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the number of antennas required to transmit to the receiver is less than the number of antennas of said transmitter, at least one of said antennas is arranged to send a signal comprising information which is being sent by at least one other antenna.

18. A system as claimed in claim 17, wherein said information being sent by at least one other antenna comprises information being sent on at least two other combinations of an antenna and an orthogonal transmission resource.

19. A system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the information being sent by at least one other antenna comprises first and second information being sent on at least two other combinations of an antenna and an orthogonal transmission resource, at least one of said first and second information having a weighting factor applied thereto.

20. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a beam forming circuitry is associated with said one transmitter to generate the beams to be transmitted by the antennas of said transmitter.

21. A system as claimed in claim 20, wherein said beam forming circuitry is arranged to weight signals to be transmitted by different antennas.

22. A system as claimed in claim 21, wherein said signals are weighted in accordance with the wireless environment between said transmitter and receiver.

23. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said system is a cellular communication system.

24. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said transmitter comprises one of a base station and a mobile station.

25. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver comprises one of a base station and a mobile station.

26. A wireless system comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, wherein each transmitter has between 1 and n antennas and each receiver has between 1 and m antennas, wherein one of said transmitters is arranged to transmit to one of the receivers, said one transmitter is controlled in dependence on the number of antennas of the transmitter and the number of antennas of the receiver.

27. A wireless system comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, wherein each transmitter has between 1 and n antennas and each receiver has between 1 and m antennas, wherein one of said transmitters is arranged to transmit to one of the receivers, wherein the transmission is controlled in dependence on the number of antennas of said transmitter and receiver, based on a scalable space time codes.

28. A system as claimed in claim 27, wherein said scalable space time codes are in the form:

C_2n(S<sub>1−

2×

2n</sub>)=[C_n(S<sub>1−

2n</sub>)C_n(S<sub>(2n+1)−

2×

2n)</sub>]

Where C is a matrix, 2n is the number of antennas and S are the symbols.

29. A wireless system comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, wherein each transmitter has between 1 and n antennas and each receiver has between 1 and m antennas wherein one of said transmitter is arranged to transmit to one of the receivers, wherein the transmission is controlled in dependence on an estimated practical rank number.

30. A system as claimed in claim 29, wherein said practical rank number is used by said transmitter to control beam forming.

31. A method of communication in a system comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, wherein each transmitter has between 1 and n antennas and each receiver has between 1 and m antennas, comprising the steps of:

determining at least one parameter of one transmitter; and

/or at least one parameter of a receiver to which the transmitter is to transmit; and

/or at least one parameter of a wireless environment between said transmitter and said receiver; and

controlling said one transmitter to transmit to said receiver in dependence on the at least one determined parameter.

32. A method of communication in a wireless system comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, wherein each transmitter has between 1 and n antennas and each receiver has between 1 and m antennas, comprising the steps of:

determining the number of antennas of one transmitter and the number of antennas of a receiver to which the one transmitter is to transmit; and

transmitting from said one transmitter to the receiver in accordance with said determination.

33. A method of communication in a wireless system comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, wherein each transmitter has between 1 and n antennas and each receiver has between 1 and m antennas, said method comprising the step of:

determining a practical rank number for a transmitter and a receiver to which the transmitter is to transmit;

transmitting from the transmitter to the receiver in accordance with the determined practical rank number.

34. A method of communication in a wireless system comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, wherein each transmitter has between 1 and n antennas and each receiver has between 1 and m antennas, comprising the steps of:

providing scalable space time codes,

determining a number of antennas of a transmitter and/or of a receiver to which the transmitter is to transmit;

determining space time codes for said transmission in accordance with said antenna determining step; and

transmitting to said receiver in accordance with the determined space time codes.

35. A transmitter for use in a wireless system, said transmitter comprising:

a plurality of transmitter elements;

means for receiving capability information of a receiver to which said transmitter is to transmit; and

means for controlling said transmitter elements in accordance with said receiver capability information.

36. An entity for use in a wireless communications systems, said entity having means for determining a practical rank number based on information relating to said entity and information relating to an entity with which said entity is arranged to communicate.

37. A wireless system comprising;

a transmitter being arranged to transmit a plurality of beams and a receiver being arranged to receive said plurality of beams;

wherein

said transmitter is arranged to multiply a stream of symbols to be transmitted by n transforms to generate a resultant transformation used in the generation of said beams;

wherein

the n transforms used are selected in dependence on at least one of;

a wireless radio environment between said transmitter and said receiver,

at least one receiver characteristic, and

at least one transmitter characteristic.

38. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said n transforms are selected from a set of m transforms;

where m is greater than or equal to n.

39. A wireless system as claimed in claim 38, wherein

a plurality of sets of said transforms is provided and;

said set of transforms selected is in dependence on at least one of;

a wireless radio environment between said transmitter and said receiver,

at least one receiver characteristic, and

at least one transmitter characteristic.

40. A wireless system as claimed in claim 39, wherein said set of transforms form a basis set of transforms.

41. A wireless system as claimed in claim 40, wherein said sets of transforms are created from at least one of;

Weyl basis sets,

Hamard basis sets,

Clifford basis sets,

Alamouti basis sets.

42. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37 whereby said n transforms are selected in dependence of the capacity of the n selected transforms.

43. A wireless system as claimed in claim 42, whereby the Capacity of n selected transforms is inversely related to the self-interference between the transforms.

44. A wireless system as claimed in claim 43, whereby the Self-Interference of 2KT selected transforms and their symbols is defined by,

45. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein

at least one of said transforms, and said resultant transformation is represented as a matrix with r rows and c columns.

46. A wireless system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said one of the number of rows and columns is equal to a number of substantially orthogonal transmission resources and the other of the number of said rows and columns is equal to a number of the plurality of beams used to transmit said stream of symbols.

47. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, said transmitter is arranged to multiply said stream of symbols by said n transforms to provide n results,

said n results being combined to provide said resultant transform.

48. A wireless system as claimed in claim 47,

wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit said symbol stream at a rate defined by the number of complex symbols transmitted per substantially orthogonal transmission resource.

49. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream comprising the real and imaginary parts of a series of complex symbols.

50. A wireless system as claimed in claim 49 wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit 4 beams, over four substantially orthogonal transmission resources using a set of transforms determined by the Clifford basis set comprising 32 elements.

51. A wireless system as claimed in claim 50, wherein said Clifford basis set is defined as the 16 real tensor products of the Alamouti basis set and 16 imaginary tensor products of the Alamouti basis set.

52. A wireless system as claimed in claim 51, wherein four groups of sets are defined as,

53. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of one, the n transforms selected being defined as B¹=B₀∪

B₂.

54. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of one and a half, the n transforms selected being defined as B^3/2=B₀∪

e<sup>jπ

/3</sup>B₁∪

e<sup>−

jπ

/3</sup>B₃.

55. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of two, the n transforms selected being defined as B²=B₀∪

B₁∪

B₂∪

B₃.

56. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of two, the n transforms selected being defined as B^{{tilde over (2)}}=B₀∪

{tilde over (B)}₁∪

{tilde over (B)}₂ ∪

B₃ where

57. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of two and a half, the n transforms selected being defined as B^5/2=B₀∪

{tilde over (B)}₁∪

{tilde over (B)}₂∪

B₃∪

jB₀ where

58. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of three, the n transforms selected being defined as

59. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of four, the n transforms selected being defined as B⁴=B₀∪

B₁∪

B₂∪

B₃∪

jB₀∪

jB₁∪

jB₂∪

jB₃.

60. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of four, the n transforms selected being defined as B^{{tilde over (4)}}=B₀∪

{tilde over (B)}₁∪

{tilde over (B)}₂∪

B₃∪

jB₀∪

j{tilde over (B)}₁∪

j{tilde over (B)}₂∪

jB₃ where

61. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein five groups of sets are defined as,

{tilde over (B)}₁={β

₀₀,β

₀₁,β

₀₂,jβ

₁₃,β

₂₃,β

₃₃}{tilde over (B)}₂={jβ

₀₀,jβ

₀₃,jβ

₀₂,β

₁₁,jβ

₂₁,jβ

₃₁}{tilde over (B)}₃={β

₁₀,β

₁₂,β

₁₃,β

₂₁,β

₃₁,jβ

₀₁}{tilde over (B)}₄={β

₀₃,jβ

₁₀,jβ

₁₁,jβ

₁₂,jβ

₂₃,jβ

₃₃}

{tilde over (B)}₅={β

₂₀,β

₃₀,β

₃₂,jβ

₃₂,jβ

₂₂,jβ

₂₀,jβ

₃₀,β

₂₂}

where

β

<sub>μ

ν</sub>

=τ

_μ

{circle over (x)}τ

_ν

,μ

ν

ε

{0, 1, 2, 3,}

and

62. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of one and a half, the n transforms selected being defined as B^3/2,subopt={tilde over (B)}₁∪

{tilde over (B)}₂.

63. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of two, the n transforms selected being defined as B^2,subopt={tilde over (B)}₁∪

{tilde over (B)}₂∪

{β

₁₀,β

₁₂}∪

{jβ

₁₀,jβ

₁₂}.

64. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of three, the n transforms selected being defined as B^3,subopt={tilde over (B)}₁∪

{tilde over (B)}₂∪

{tilde over (B)}₃∪

{β

₂₀,β

₃₀,β

₃₂,jβ

₃₂,jβ

₂₂,jβ

₂₀}.

65. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit 4 beams, over four substantially orthogonal transmission resources using a set of transforms determined by the Weil basis set comprising 32 elements.

66. A wireless system as claimed in claim 65 wherein four groups of sets are defined as

67. A wireless system as claimed in claim 66, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of one and a half, the n transforms selected being defined as B^3/2,W=B₁^W∪

jB₂^W∪

B₃^W.

68. A wireless system as claimed in claim 66, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of two, the n transforms selected being defined as B^2,W=B₁^W∪

B₂^W∪

jB₁^W∪

jB₂^W.

69. A wireless system as claimed in claim 66, wherein said transmitter is arranged to transmit a symbol stream at a rate of three, the n transforms selected being defined as B^3,W=B₁^W∪

B₂^W∪

B₃^W∪

jB₁^W∪

jB₂^W∪

jB₃^W.

70. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said at least one transmitter characteristic comprises at least one of:

number of antennas;

number of substantially orthogonal transmission resources;

available antenna polarisations; and

modulation scheme.

71. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said at least one parameter of at least one of said receivers comprises at least one of;

number of antennas;

service required by said receiver;

one or more parameters of said service required by said receiver;

computational capacity of said receiver;

quality of service required by said receiver;

data rate required by said receiver.

72. A wireless system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said at least one substantially orthogonal transmission resource comprises at least one of;

time slots;

frequency sub-carriers;

codes.

73. A method of communication in a system comprising a transmitter being arranged to transmit a plurality of beams and a receiver being arranged to receive said plurality of beams, said method comprising the steps of;

receiving a stream of symbols to be transmitted;

selecting n transforms in dependence on at least one of a wireless radio environment between said transmitter and said receiver,

at least one receiver characteristic, and

at least one transmitter characteristic; and

multiplying said stream of symbols to be transmitted by said n transforms to generate a resultant transformation used in the generation of said beams.

74. A method as claimed in claim 73, wherein said selecting n transforms step further comprises selecting said n transforms from a set of m transforms, where m is greater than or equal to n.

75. A method as claimed in claim 74, further comprising the steps of:

selecting said set of m transforms from a plurality of sets of said transforms in dependence on at least one of a wireless radio environment between said transmitter and said receiver,

at least one receiver characteristic, and

at least one transmitter characteristic.

76. A method as claimed in claim 73, further comprising the step of determining the capacity of the n selected transforms.

77. A method as claimed in claim 76, whereby said step of determining the capacity of the n selected transforms comprises:

determining the Self-Interference of 2KT selected transforms and their symbols is defined by,

$\mathrm{SI}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{i=2<br><br>\mathrm{KT}}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\underset{k=i+1}{\overset{k=2<br><br>\mathrm{KT}}{\sum <br><br>}}<br><br>x_i<br><br>x_k<br><br>{\mathrm{SI}}^{\left(i,k\right)}$

where SI^(i,k)=β

_i*β

_k+β

_k*β

_i and β

is the transform.

78. A transmitter for use in a wireless system,

said transmitter being arranged to multiply a stream of symbols to be transmitted by n transforms to generate a resultant transformation used in the generation of said beams;

wherein

the n transforms used are selected in dependence on at least one of a wireless radio environment between said transmitter and said receiver,

at least one receiver characteristic, and

at least one transmitter characteristic.