Systems and methods for controlling fluid feed to an aerosol generator

• US 20040004133A1
• Filed: 03/21/2003
• Published: 01/08/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 04/24/1991
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Novartis Pharma AG (Novartis Ag)
• Original Assignee: Aerogen, Inc. (Nektar Therapeutics)
• Inventors: Ivri, Yehuda, Flierl, Markus
• Granted Patent: US 7,040,549 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 239/4
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 11/005 using ultrasonics spraying or atomising liquids using ultrasonic vibrations in general B05B17/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 11/007 Syringe-type or piston-type sprayers or atomisers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 11/042 electrical
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/0065 Inhalators with dosage or measuring devices A61M15/0028 takes precedence; dosage devices incorporated in aerosol cans B65D83/52
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/0085 using ultrasonics spraying or atomising liquids using ultrasonic vibrations in general B05B17/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0021 with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0039 in the inspiratory circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3306 Optical measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3379 Masses, volumes, levels of fluids in reservoirs, flow rates
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3382 Upper level detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3386 Low level detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3389 Continuous level detection A61M2205/3393 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8206 battery-operated
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 12/081 responsive to the weight of a reservoir or container for liquid or other fluent material; responsive to level or volume of liquid or other fluent material in a reservoir or container
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 12/085 responsive to flow or pressure of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged B05B1/3006, B05B1/323, B05B7/1254 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 17/0646 Vibrating plates, i.e. plates being directly subjected to the vibrations, e.g. having a piezoelectric transducer attached thereto
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 17/0676 Feeding means
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 17/0684 Wicks or the like
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/025 by vibration
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2/04 generating single droplets or particles on demand
• CPC Class Codes: B41J 2202/15 : Moving nozzle or nozzle plate

Abstract

A method for controlling the supply of liquid to an aerosol generator comprises operating a liquid supply system to supply a liquid to a vibratable aperture plate of an aerosol generator which senses an amount of liquid adhering to the vibratable aperture plate, and controls operation of the liquid supply system to adjust the amount of liquid adhering to the vibratable aperture plate.

Claims

1. An aerosolization device comprising:

a liquid supply system that is adapted to hold a supply of liquid;

an aerosol generator configured to aerosolize liquid supplied from the liquid supply system;

a sensor that is configured to sense an amount of unaerosolized liquid supplied to the aerosol generator; and

a controller to control operation of the liquid supply system based on information received from the sensor.

2. An aerosolization device according to claim 1, wherein the aerosol generator comprises a vibratable element and an aperture plate.

3. An aerosolization device according to claim 2, wherein the aperture plate includes a plurality of tapered apertures.

4. An aerosolization device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to maintain the amount of supplied and unaerosolized liquid within a certain range during aerosolization.

5. An aerosolization device according to claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a strain gauge coupled to the aerosol generator for detecting variations in strain according to variations in the amount of unaerosolized liquid in contact with the aerosol generator.

6. An aerosolization device according to claim 5, wherein the strain gauge comprises a piezoelectric element, with variations in the amount of unaerosolized liquid adhered to the aerosol generator causing corresponding variations in an electrical characteristic of the piezoelectric element.

7. An aerosolization device according to claim 6, further comprising electrical circuitry configured to measure variations in impedance of the piezoelectric element.

8. An aerosolization device according to claim 6, wherein the piezoelectric element is disposed to vibrate an aperture plate in the aerosol generator.

9. An aerosolization device according to claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises an optical sensor.

10. An aerosolization device according to claim 9, wherein the optical sensor is configured to sense the presence or absence of supplied and unaerosolized liquid in a certain location on the aerosol generator.

11. An aerosolization device according to claim 10, wherein the certain location is spaced from where liquid is supplied to the aerosol generator.

12. An aerosolization device according to claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a conductive sensor configured to sense electrical conductivity between at least two points across a surface of the aerosol generator on which supplied and unaerosolized liquid adheres, at least one point being spaced from where liquid is supplied to the aerosol generator.

13. An aerosolization device according to claim 12, wherein one of the at least two points is closer to where liquid is supplied to the aerosol generator than another of the at least two points.

14. An aerosolization device according to claim 1, wherein the amount of unaerosolized liquid supplied to the aerosol generator remains within the range from about 2 to about 20 μ

l (microliters).

15. An aerosolization device according to claim 1, further comprising a housing having a mouthpiece, the aerosol generator being disposed in the housing for delivery of aerosolized liquid through the mouthpiece.

16. An aerosolization device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid supply system comprises a dispenser for dispensing a certain amount of liquid upon receipt of a dispense signal from the controller.

17. An aerosolization device according to claim 16, further comprising a meter for limiting the number of times the dispenser is activated during operation of the aerosol generator.

18. An aerosolization device according to claim 1, further comprising a heater for heating unaerosolized liquid supplied to the aerosol generator.

19. An aerosolization device according to claim 18, wherein the heater is configured to heat the aerosol generator to vaporize the unaerosolized liquid.

20. An aerosolization device according to claim 19, wherein the heater comprises an electrical resistance heating element and an electrical power supply for energizing resistance heating.

21. An aerosolization device comprising:

a liquid supply system that is adapted to hold a supply of liquid;

an aerosol generator comprising an element having a plurality of apertures and an electrical transducer disposed to vibrate the element when energized;

a sensor configured to sense an electrical characteristic of the electrical transducer that is dependent upon an amount of unaerosolized liquid adhering to the element; and

a controller to control operation of the liquid supply system based on the electrical characteristic sensed by the sensor, whereby the amount of unaerosolized liquid adhering to the element is maintained within a certain range during aerosolization.

22. An aerosolization device according to claim 21, wherein the electrical transducer comprises a piezoelectric element.

23. An aerosolization device according to claim 22, wherein the electrical characteristic sensed by the sensor is the impedance of the piezoelectric element.

24. An aerosolization device according to claim 21, wherein the controller is configured to maintain the amount of unaerosolized liquid adhering to the element within a range of from about 2 to about 20 μ

l (microliters) during aerosolization.

25. An aerosolization device according to claim 21, further comprising a housing having a mouthpiece, the aerosol generator being disposed in the housing for delivery of aerosolized liquid through the mouthpiece.

26. An aerosolization device according to claim 21, wherein the liquid supply system comprises a dispenser for dispensing a certain amount of liquid upon receipt of a dispense signal from the controller.

27. An aerosolization device according to claim 26, further comprising a meter for limiting the number of times the dispenser dispenses the amount of liquid during operation of the aerosol generator.

28. An aerosolization device according to claim 21, further comprising a heater for heating unaerosolized liquid supplied to the aerosol generator.

29. An aerosolization device according to claim 28, wherein the heater is adapted to heat the aerosol generator to vaporize the unaerosolized liquid applied to the aerosol generator.

30. An aerosolization device according to claim 28, wherein the heater comprises an electrical resistance heating element and an electrical power supply for energizing resistance heating.

31. A method of aerosolizing a liquid, the method comprising:

providing an aerosol generator that is operable to aerosolize a liquid;

supplying a liquid to the aerosol generator from a liquid supply system at a certain flow rate;

operating the aerosol generator to aerosolize at least some of the supplied liquid;

sensing an amount of the supplied liquid that remains unaerosolized; and

regulating rate of liquid supply based on the sensed amount of unaerosolized liquid.

32. A method according to claim 31, wherein the rate of liquid supply is decreased when the sensed amount of unaerosolized liquid exceeds a certain value.

33. A method according to claim 31, wherein the rate of liquid supply is increased when the sensed amount of unaerosolized liquid falls below a certain value.

34. A method according to claim 31, wherein the aerosol generator comprises a plate having a plurality of apertures and a vibratable element disposed to vibrate the plate.

35. A method according to claim 31, wherein the step of sensing comprises:

providing a sensor comprising a piezoelectric element coupled to the aerosol generator such that variations in the amount of unaerosolized liquid adhered to the aerosol generator cause corresponding variations in electrical characteristics of the piezoelectric element; and

measuring an electrical characteristic of the piezoelectric element.

36. A method according to claim 35, wherein the electrical characteristic measured is selected from a group consisting of impedance, capacitance and inductance.

37. A method according to claim 31, wherein the step of sensing comprises:

providing an optical sensor; and

detecting with the optical sensor the presence or absence of unaerosolized liquid in a certain location on the aerosol generator.

38. A method according to claim 37, wherein the certain location is spaced from where liquid is supplied to the aerosol generator.

39. A method according to claim 31, wherein the step of sensing comprises:

providing a conductive sensor configured to sense electrical conductivity between at least two points on a surface of the aerosol generator on which unaerosolized liquid adheres, and measuring electrical conductivity between the at least two points.

40. A method according to claim 31, further comprising:

maintaining the rate of liquid supply such that the unaerosolized liquid remains within a certain range during operation of the aerosol generator.

41. A method according to claim 40, wherein the certain range maintained is from about 2 to about 20 μ

l (microliters).

42. A method according to claim 31, further comprising:

providing a housing with a mouthpiece, the aerosol generator being disposed in the housing for delivery of aerosolized liquid through the mouthpiece;

detecting when a user inhales through the mouthpiece; and

operating the aerosol generator upon detection of inhalation through the mouthpiece.

43. A method according to claim 31, wherein the supply step comprises dispensing a certain amount of liquid from the liquid supply system for the aerosol generator.

44. A method according to claim 43, in which the supply step further comprises metering the number of times the amount of liquid is dispensed during operation of the aerosol generator.

45. A method according to claim 31, further comprising:

providing a heater for heating unaerosolized liquid supplied to the aerosol generator.

46. A method according to claim 45, further comprising sensing whether any of the supplied liquid remains unaerosolized after ceasing the liquid supply;

and

operating the heater upon sensing such supplied liquid remaining.

47. A method according to claim 46, wherein the heater vaporizes the remaining unaerosolized liquid.

48. A method of controlling supply of a liquid to an aerosol generator, comprising:

operating a liquid supply system to supply a liquid to a vibratable aperture element of an aerosol generator;

sensing an amount of liquid adhering to the vibratable aperture element; and

controlling operation of the liquid supply system to adjust the amount of liquid in contact with the vibratable aperture element.

49. A method according to claim 48, further comprising vibrating the vibratable aperture element while operating the liquid supply system to aerosolize liquid supplied to the vibratable aperture element.

50. A method according to claim 49, wherein the step of controlling comprises increasing the liquid supply when the sensed amount of liquid adhering to the vibratable aperture element falls below a certain value.

51. A method according to claim 49, wherein the step of controlling comprises decreasing the liquid supply when the sensed amount of liquid adhering to the vibratable aperture element rises above a certain value.

52. A method according to claim 49, wherein the step of sensing comprises:

providing a sensor comprising a piezoelectric element coupled to the vibratable aperture element such that variations in the amount of unaerosolized liquid adhered to the vibratable aperture element cause corresponding variations in electrical characteristics of the piezoelectric element; and

measuring an electrical characteristic of the piezoelectric element.

53. A method according to claim 52, wherein the electrical characteristic measured is selected from a group consisting of impedance, capacitance and inductance.

54. A method according to claim 49, wherein the step of sensing comprises:

providing an optical sensor; and

detecting with the optical sensor the presence or absence of unaerosolized liquid in a certain location on the vibratable aperture element.

55. A method according to claim 54, wherein the certain location is spaced from where liquid is supplied to the vibratable aperture element.

56. A method according to claim 55, wherein the step of sensing comprises:

providing a conductive sensor configured to sense electrical conductivity between at least two points on a surface of the vibratable aperture element on which unaerosolized liquid adheres, and measuring electrical conductivity between the at least two points.

57. A method according to claim 49, further comprising:

providing a housing with a mouthpiece, the aerosol generator being disposed in the housing for delivery of aerosolized liquid through the mouthpiece;

detecting when a user inhales through the mouthpiece; and

operating the aerosol generator upon detection of inhalation through the mouthpiece.

58. A method according to claim 49, wherein the liquid supply system operation step comprises dispensing a certain amount of liquid from the liquid supply system for the aerosol generator.

59. A method according to claim 58, wherein the liquid supply system operation step further comprises metering the number of times the amount of liquid is dispensed during operation of the aerosol generator.

60. A method according to claim 49, further comprising:

providing a heater for heating unaerosolized liquid supplied to the aerosol generator.

61. A method according to claim 60, further comprising:

sensing whether any of the supplied liquid remains unaerosolized after ceasing the liquid supply; and

operating the heater upon sensing of the remaining liquid.