Methods and systems for offering and servicing financial instruments

• US 20040006520A1
• Filed: 08/12/2002
• Published: 01/08/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 08/10/2001
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Bank of America Corp.
• Original Assignee: Bank of America Corp.
• Inventors: Stein, Russell L., Kerstein, Daniel Y., Dolan, David K., Jones, Emerson P., Steifman, Eric, Epelbaum, Yonathan, Kolev, Dragomir K., Edwards, Jeffrey N., Kaperst, Stuart C., Luciano, Richard P., Kaplan, Todd K., Patrick, Thomas H. Jr., Warble, Brennan J., Birle, James R. Jr., Green, Richard J., Pepe, Paul A., Fiddle, Frederick J.
• Application Number:
  US10/218,124
• Publication Number:
  US 20040006520A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 705/35
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/042 characterized in that the payment protocol involves at least one cheque
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 40/00 Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 40/04 Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 40/06 Asset management; Financial planning or analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 17/26 for printing, stamping, franking, typing or teleprinting apparatus ticket printing or the like apparatus G07F17/42
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 17/42 for ticket printing or like apparatus , e.g. apparatus for dispensing of printed paper tickets or payment cards

Abstract

Methods and systems for offering and servicing financial instruments create a way for issuers to offer financial instruments with incentives to holders to not voluntarily convert or redeem such instruments so that issuers maintain greater flexibility and control over the maturity date of the instrument and the manner in which it is settled. Additionally, some embodiments of this invention provide issuers of convertible and exchangeable financial instruments with the ability to deduct an amount for tax purposes that approximates the true economic cost of the financial instrument.

Claims

1. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency after a predetermined period of delay.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

8. The method of claim 3 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

9. The method of claim 3, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

10. The method of claim 3, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

14. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

15. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

16. The method of claim 2, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

17. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

22. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

24. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

25. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one said contingency monitoring period.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

29. The method of claim 25, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

30. The method of claim 25, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

31. The method of claim 1, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein said basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

33. The method of claim 1, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

34. The method of claim 1, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

35. The method of claim 1, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein said basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

37. The method of claim 1, wherein said defining a contingency comprises establishing at least one of:

a. contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies each with at least one trigger.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

40. The method of claim 38, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

41. The method of claim 38, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

42. The method of claim 37, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

44. The method of claim 42, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

45. The method of claim 42, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

46. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

a. disbursing said payment.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

48. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

50. The method of claim 49, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

51. The method of claim 49, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

52. The method of claim 48, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

54. The method of claim 52, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

55. The method of claim 48, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

56. The method of claim 1, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

57. The method of claim 56, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

58. The method of claim 56, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

59. The method of claim 58, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

60. The method of claim 56, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

61. The method of claim 60, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

62. The method of claim 1, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

63. The method of claim 1, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

64. The method of claim 1, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

65. The method of claim 1, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

66. The method of claim 1, wherein said predetermined period of delay comprises a period of delay greater than a contingency monitoring period.

67. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency after a predetermined period of delay.

68. The method of claim 67, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

69. The method of claim 67, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

70. The method of claim 67, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

71. The method of claim 67, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

72. The method of claim 67, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

73. The method of claim 67, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

74. The method of claim 67, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

75. The method of claim 67, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

76. The method of claim 67, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

77. The method of claim 67, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

78. The method of claim 67, wherein said predetermined period of delay comprises a period of delay greater than a contingency monitoring period.

79. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when said trigger drops below a predetermined value.

80. The method of claim 79, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

81. The method of claim 80, further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

82. The method of claim 81, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

83. The method of claim 81, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

84. The method of claim 81, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

85. The method of claim 81, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

86. The method of claim 81, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

87. The method of claim 81, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

88. The method of claim 81, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

89. The method of claim 80, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

90. The method of claim 89, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

91. The method of claim 89, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

92. The method of claim 80, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

93. The method of claim 80, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

94. The method of claim 80, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

95. The method of claim 79 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

96. The method of claim 95, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

97. The method of claim 95, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

98. The method of claim 95, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

99. The method of claim 95, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

100. The method of claim 95 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

101. The method of claim 95, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

102. The method of claim 95, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

103. The method of claim 79 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

104. The method of claim 103, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

105. The method of claim 103, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

106. The method of claim 103, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

107. The method of claim 103, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

108. The method of claim 103, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

109. The method of claim 79, wherein said defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises basing said trigger on an event related to said financial instrument.

110. The method of claim 79, wherein said defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises basing said trigger on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

111. The method of claim 79, wherein said defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

112. The method of claim 111, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

113. The method of claim 111, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

114. The method of claim 111, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

115. The method of claim 79, wherein said defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

116. The method of claim 115, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

117. The method of claim 115, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

118. The method of claim 115, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

119. The method of claim 79, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

120. The method of claim 79, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

121. The method of claim 120, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

122. The method of claim 79, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

123. The method of claim 122, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

124. The method of claim 123, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

125. The method of claim 123, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

126. The method of claim 122, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

127. The method of claim 126, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

128. The method of claim 126, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

129. The method of claim 122, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

130. The method of claim 122, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

131. The method of claim 79, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

132. The method of claim 131, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

133. The method of claim 131, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

134. The method of claim 133, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

135. The method of claim 131, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

136. The method of claim 135, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

137. The method of claim 79, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

138. The method of claim 79, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

139. The method of claim 79, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

140. The method of claim 79, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

141. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when said trigger drops below a predetermined value.

142. The method of claim 141, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

143. The method of claim 141, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

144. The method of claim 141, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

145. The method of claim 141, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

146. The method of claim 141, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

147. The method of claim 141, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

148. The method of claim 141, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

149. The method of claim 141, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

150. The method of claim 141, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

151. The method of claim 141, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

152. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when any one of said triggers drops below a predetermined value.

153. The method of claim 152, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

154. The method of claim 153, further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

155. The method of claim 154, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

156. The method of claim 154, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

157. The method of claim 154, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

158. The method of claim 154, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

159. The method of claim 154, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

160. The method of claim 154, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

161. The method of claim 154, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

162. The method of claim 153, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

163. The method of claim 162, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

164. The method of claim 162, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

165. The method of claim 153, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

166. The method of claim 153, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

167. The method of claim 153, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

168. The method of claim 152 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

169. The method of claim 168, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

170. The method of claim 168, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

171. The method of claim 168, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

172. The method of claim 168, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

173. The method of claim 168 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

174. The method of claim 168, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

175. The method of claim 168, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

176. The method of claim 152 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

177. The method of claim 176, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

178. The method of claim 176, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

179. The method of claim 176, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

180. The method of claim 176, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

181. The method of claim 176, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

182. The method of claim 152, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

183. The method of claim 152, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

184. The method of claim 152, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

185. The method of claim 184, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

186. The method of claim 184, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

187. The method of claim 184, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

188. The method of claim 152, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

189. The method of claim 188, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

190. The method of claim 188, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

191. The method of claim 188, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

192. The method of claim 152, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

193. The method of claim 152, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

194. The method of claim 193, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

195. The method of claim 152, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

196. The method of claim 195, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

197. The method of claim 196, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

198. The method of claim 196, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

199. The method of claim 195, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

200. The method of claim 199, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

201. The method of claim 199, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

202. The method of claim 195, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

1. an index.

203. The method of claim 195, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

204. The method of claim 152, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

205. The method of claim 204, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

206. The method of claim 204, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

207. The method of claim 206, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

208. The method of claim 204, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

209. The method of claim 208, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

210. The method of claim 152, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

211. The method of claim 152, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

212. The method of claim 152, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

213. The method of claim 152, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

214. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when any one of said triggers drops below a predetermined value.

215. The method of claim 214, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

216. The method of claim 214, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

217. The method of claim 214, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

218. The method of claim 214, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

219. The method of claim 214, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

220. The method of claim 214, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

221. The method of claim 214, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

222. The method of claim 214, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

223. The method of claim 214, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

224. The method of claim 214, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

225. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values.

226. The method of claim 225, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

227. The method of claim 226, further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

228. The method of claim 227, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

229. The method of claim 227, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

230. The method of claim 227, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

231. The method of claim 227, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

232. The method of claim 227, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

233. The method of claim 227, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

234. The method of claim 227, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

235. The method of claim 226, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

236. The method of claim 235, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

237. The method of claim 235, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

238. The method of claim 226, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

239. The method of claim 226, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

240. The method of claim 226, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

241. The method of claim 225 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

242. The method of claim 241, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

243. The method of claim 241, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

244. The method of claim 241, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

245. The method of claim 241, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

246. The method of claim 241 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

247. The method of claim 241, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

248. The method of claim 241, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

249. The method of claim 225 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

250. The method of claim 249, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

251. The method of claim 249, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

252. The method of claim 249, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

253. The method of claim 249, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

254. The method of claim 249, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

255. The method of claim 225, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

256. The method of claim 225, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

257. The method of claim 225, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

258. The method of claim 257, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

259. The method of claim 257, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

260. The method of claim 257, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

261. The method of claim 225, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to multiples of formulae amounts.

262. The method of claim 261, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

263. The method of claim 261, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

264. The method of claim 261, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

265. The method of claim 225, wherein said predetermined values comprise predetermined percentages of the conversion value.

266. The method of claim 225, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

267. The method of claim 266, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

268. The method of claim 225, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

269. The method of claim 268, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

270. The method of claim 269, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

271. The method of claim 269, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

272. The method of claim 268, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

273. The method of claim 272, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

274. The method of claim 272, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

275. The method of claim 268, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

276. The method of claim 268, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

277. The method of claim 225, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

278. The method of claim 277, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

279. The method of claim 277, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

280. The method of claim 279, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

281. The method of claim 277, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

282. The method of claim 281, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

283. The method of claim 225, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

284. The method of claim 225, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

285. The method of claim 225, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

286. The method of claim 225, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

287. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values.

288. The method of claim 287, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

289. The method of claim 287, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

290. The method of claim 287, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

291. The method of claim 287, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

292. The method of claim 287, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

293. The method of claim 287, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

294. The method of claim 287, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

295. The method of claim 287, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

296. The method of claim 287, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

297. The method of claim 287, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

298. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when any said trigger of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

299. The method of claim 298, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

300. The method of claim 299, further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

301. The method of claim 300, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

302. The method of claim 300, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

303. The method of claim 300, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

304. The method of claim 300, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

305. The method of claim 300, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

306. The method of claim 300, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

307. The method of claim 300, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

308. The method of claim 299, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

309. The method of claim 308, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

310. The method of claim 308, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

311. The method of claim 299, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

312. The method of claim 299, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

313. The method of claim 299, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

314. The method of claim 298 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

315. The method of claim 314, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

316. The method of claim 314, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

317. The method of claim 314, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

318. The method of claim 314, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

319. The method of claim 314, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

320. The method of claim 314, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

321. The method of claim 314, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

322. The method of claim 298 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

323. The method of claim 322, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

324. The method of claim 322, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

325. The method of claim 322, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

326. The method of claim 322, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

327. The method of claim 322, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

328. The method of claim 298, wherein said defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises basing said trigger on an event related to said financial instrument.

329. The method of claim 298, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises basing said trigger on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

330. The method of claim 298, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

331. The method of claim 330, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

332. The method of claim 330, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

333. The method of claim 330, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

334. The method of claim 298, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

335. The method of claim 334, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

336. The method of claim 334, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

337. The method of claim 334, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

338. The method of claim 298, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

339. The method of claim 298, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

340. The method of claim 339, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

341. The method of claim 298, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

342. The method of claim 341, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

343. The method of claim 342, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

344. The method of claim 342, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

345. The method of claim 341, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

346. The method of claim 345, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

347. The method of claim 345, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

348. The method of claim 341, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

1. an index.

349. The method of claim 341, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

350. The method of claim 298, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

351. The method of claim 350, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

352. The method of claim 350, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

353. The method of claim 352, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

354. The method of claim 350, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

355. The method of claim 354, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

356. The method of claim 298, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

357. The method of claim 298, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

358. The method of claim 298, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

359. The method of claim 298, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

360. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when any said trigger of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

361. The method of claim 360, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

362. The method of claim 360, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

363. The method of claim 360, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

364. The method of claim 360, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

365. The method of claim 360, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

366. The method of claim 360, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

367. The method of claim 360, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

368. The method of claim 360, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

369. The method of claim 360, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

370. The method of claim 360, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

371. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when one of said multiple triggers of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

372. The method of claim 371, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

373. The method of claim 372, further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

374. The method of claim 373, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

375. The method of claim 373, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

376. The method of claim 373, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

377. The method of claim 373, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

378. The method of claim 373, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

379. The method of claim 373, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

380. The method of claim 373, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

381. The method of claim 372, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

382. The method of claim 381, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

383. The method of claim 381, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

384. The method of claim 372, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

385. The method of claim 372, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

386. The method of claim 372, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

387. The method of claim 371 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

388. The method of claim 387, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

389. The method of claim 387, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

390. The method of claim 387, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

391. The method of claim 387, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

392. The method of claim 387 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

393. The method of claim 387, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

394. The method of claim 387, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

395. The method of claim 371 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

396. The method of claim 395, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

397. The method of claim 395, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

398. The method of claim 395, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

399. The method of claim 395, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

400. The method of claim 395, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

401. The method of claim 371, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

402. The method of claim 371, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

403. The method of claim 371, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

404. The method of claim 403, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

405. The method of claim 403, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

406. The method of claim 403, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

407. The method of claim 371, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

408. The method of claim 407, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

409. The method of claim 407, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

410. The method of claim 407, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

411. The method of claim 371, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

412. The method of claim 371, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

413. The method of claim 412, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

414. The method of claim 371, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

415. The method of claim 414, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

416. The method of claim 415, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

417. The method of claim 415, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

418. The method of claim 414, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

419. The method of claim 418, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

420. The method of claim 418, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

421. The method of claim 414, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

422. The method of claim 414, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

423. The method of claim 371, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

424. The method of claim 423, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining at least one of:

a. stock price growth rate;

b. dividend yield;

c. formula determining said payment; and

d. a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

425. The method of claim 423, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

426. The method of claim 425, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

427. The method of claim 423, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

428. The method of claim 427, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

429. The method of claim 371, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

430. The method of claim 371, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

431. The method of claim 371, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

432. The method of claim 371, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

433. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when one of said multiple triggers of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

434. The method of claim 433, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

435. The method of claim 433, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

436. The method of claim 433, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

437. The method of claim 433, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

438. The method of claim 433, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

439. The method of claim 433, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

440. The method of claim 433, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

441. The method of claim 433, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

442. The method of claim 433, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

443. The method of claim 433, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

444. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when at least two of said multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values, at least one of said at least two triggers being a trigger of a different contingency from any other of said at least two triggers.

445. The method of claim 444, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

446. The method of claim 445, further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

447. The method of claim 446, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

448. The method of claim 446, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

449. The method of claim 446, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

450. The method of claim 446, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

451. The method of claim 446, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

452. The method of claim 446, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

453. The method of claim 446, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

454. The method of claim 445, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

455. The method of claim 454, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

456. The method of claim 454, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

457. The method of claim 445, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

458. The method of claim 445, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

459. The method of claim 445, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

460. The method of claim 444 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

461. The method of claim 460, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

462. The method of claim 460, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

463. The method of claim 460, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

464. The method of claim 460, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

465. The method of claim 460 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

466. The method of claim 460, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

467. The method of claim 460, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

468. The method of claim 444 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

469. The method of claim 468, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

470. The method of claim 468, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

471. The method of claim 468, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

472. The method of claim 468, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

473. The method of claim 468, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

474. The method of claim 444, wherein said defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

475. The method of claim 444, wherein said defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

476. The method of claim 444, wherein said defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

477. The method of claim 476, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

478. The method of claim 476, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

479. The method of claim 476, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

480. The method of claim 444, wherein said defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

481. The method of claim 480, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

482. The method of claim 480, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

483. The method of claim 480, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

484. The method of claim 444, wherein said predetermined values comprise predetermined percentages of the conversion value.

485. The method of claim 444, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

486. The method of claim 485, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

487. The method of claim 444, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

488. The method of claim 487, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

489. The method of claim 488, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

490. The method of claim 488, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

491. The method of claim 487, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

492. The method of claim 491, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

493. The method of claim 491, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

494. The method of claim 487, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

495. The method of claim 487, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

496. The method of claim 444, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

497. The method of claim 496, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

498. The method of claim 496, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

499. The method of claim 498, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

500. The method of claim 496, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

501. The method of claim 500, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

502. The method of claim 444, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

503. The method of claim 444, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

504. The method of claim 444, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

505. The method of claim 444, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

506. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when at least two of said multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values, at least one of said at least two triggers being a trigger of a different contingency from any other of said at least two triggers.

507. The method of claim 506, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

508. The method of claim 506, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

509. The method of claim 506, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

510. The method of claim 506, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

511. The method of claim 506, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

512. The method of claim 506, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

513. The method of claim 506, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

514. The method of claim 506, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

515. The method of claim 506, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

516. The method of claim 506, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

517. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said financial instrument having an issuer, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, said contingency having a trigger based upon at least one of;

a. trading value of said financial instrument,

b. trading yield of said financial instrument,

c. dividend yield of said underlying reference,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

k. trading yield of a security,

l. an index;

wherein;

a payment becomes due on occurrence of said contingency.

518. The method of claim 517, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

519. The method of claim 518 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

520. The method of claim 519, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

C. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

521. The method of claim 519, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

522. The method of claim 519, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

523. The method of claim 519, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

524. The method of claim 519 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

525. The method of claim 519, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

526. The method of claim 519, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

527. The method of claim 518, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

528. The method of claim 527, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

529. The method of claim 527, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

530. The method of claim 518, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

531. The method of claim 518, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

532. The method of claim 518, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

533. The method of claim 517 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

534. The method of claim 533, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

535. The method of claim 533, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

536. The method of claim 533, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

537. The method of claim 533, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

538. The method of claim 533 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

539. The method of claim 533, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

540. The method of claim 533, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

541. The method of claim 517 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

542. The method of claim 541, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one contingency monitoring period.

543. The method of claim 541, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many contingency monitoring periods.

544. The method of claim 541, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

545. The method of claim 541, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

546. The method of claim 541, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

547. The method of claim 517, wherein said defining a contingency comprises establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies having at least one trigger.

548. The method of claim 547, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

549. The method of claim 548, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

550. The method of claim 548, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

551. The method of claim 548, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

552. The method of claim 517, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

553. The method of claim 552, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

554. The method of claim 517, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

555. The method of claim 554, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

556. The method of claim 555, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

557. The method of claim 555, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

558. The method of claim 554, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

559. The method of claim 558, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

560. The method of claim 558, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

561. The method of claim 554, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

562. The method of claim 554, wherein said calculating payment comprise calculating payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

563. The method of claim 517, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

564. The method of claim 563, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

565. The method of claim 563, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

566. The method of claim 565, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

567. The method of claim 563, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

568. The method of claim 567, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

569. The method of claim 517, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

570. The method of claim 517, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

571. The method of claim 517, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

572. The method of claim 517, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

573. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument, said financial instrument having an issuer and created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, said contingency having a trigger based upon at least one of;

a. trading value of said financial instrument,

b. trading yield of said financial instrument,

c. dividend yield of said underlying reference,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

k. trading yield of a security,

l. an index;

wherein;

a payment becomes due on occurrence of said contingency.

574. The method of claim 573, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

575. The method of claim 573, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

576. The method of claim 573, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

577. The method of claim 573, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

578. The method of claim 573, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

579. The method of claim 573, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

580. The method of claim 573, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

581. The method of claim 573, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

582. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said financial instrument having an issuer, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment based upon at least one of;

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

l. an index.

583. The method of claim 582, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

584. The method of claim 583 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

585. The method of claim 584, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

586. The method of claim 584, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

587. The method of claim 584, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

588. The method of claim 584, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

589. The method of claim 584 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

590. The method of claim 584, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

591. The method of claim 583, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

592. The method of claim 591, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

593. The method of claim 583, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

594. The method of claim 583, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

595. The method of claim 582 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

596. The method of claim 595, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

597. The method of claim 595, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

598. The method of claim 595, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

599. The method of claim 595, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

600. The method of claim 595 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

601. The method of claim 595, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

602. The method of claim 582 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

603. The method of claim 602, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one contingency monitoring period.

604. The method of claim 602, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many contingency monitoring periods.

605. The method of claim 602, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

606. The method of claim 602, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

607. The method of claim 582, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

608. The method of claim 607, wherein said basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

609. The method of claim 582, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

610. The method of claim 582, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

611. The method of claim 582, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

612. The method of claim 611, wherein said basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

613. The method of claim 582, wherein said defining a contingency comprises establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies having at least one trigger.

614. The method of claim 613, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

615. The method of claim 614, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

616. The method of claim 614, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

617. The method of claim 614, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

618. The method of claim 613, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

619. The method of claim 618, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

620. The method of claim 618, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

621. The method of claim 618, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

622. The method of claim 582, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

623. The method of claim 622, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

624. The method of claim 582, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

625. The method of claim 624, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

626. The method of claim 624, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

627. The method of claim 582, wherein said calculating payment comprise calculating payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

628. The method of claim 582, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

629. The method of claim 628, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

630. The method of claim 628, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

631. The method of claim 630, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

632. The method of claim 628, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

633. The method of claim 632, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

634. The method of claim 582, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

635. The method of claim 582, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

636. The method of claim 582, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

637. The method of claim 582, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

638. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument, said financial instrument having an issuer and created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment based upon at least one of;

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

l. an index.

639. The method of claim 638, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

640. The method of claim 638, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

641. The method of claim 638, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

642. The method of claim 638, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

643. The method of claim 638, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

644. The method of claim 638, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

645. The method of claim 638, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

646. The method of claim 638, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

647. The method of claim 638, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

648. The method of claim 638, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

649. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said financial instrument having an issuer, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value.

650. The method of claim 649, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

651. The method of claim 650 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

652. The method of claim 651, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

653. The method of claim 651, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

654. The method of claim 651, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

655. The method of claim 651, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

656. The method of claim 651 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

657. The method of claim 651, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

658. The method of claim 650, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

659. The method of claim 658, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

660. The method of claim 650, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

661. The method of claim 650, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

662. The method of claim 649 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

663. The method of claim 662, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

664. The method of claim 662, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

665. The method of claim 662, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

666. The method of claim 662, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

667. The method of claim 662 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

668. The method of claim 662, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

669. The method of claim 649 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

670. The method of claim 669, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one contingency monitoring period.

671. The method of claim 669, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many contingency monitoring periods.

672. The method of claim 669, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

673. The method of claim 669, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

674. The method of claim 649, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

675. The method of claim 674, wherein said basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

676. The method of claim 649, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

677. The method of claim 649, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

678. The method of claim 649, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

679. The method of claim 678, wherein said basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

680. The method of claim 649, wherein said defining a contingency comprises establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies having at least one trigger.

681. The method of claim 680, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

682. The method of claim 681, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

683. The method of claim 681, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

684. The method of claim 681, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

685. The method of claim 680, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

686. The method of claim 685, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

687. The method of claim 685, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

688. The method of claim 685, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

689. The method of claim 649, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

690. The method of claim 689, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

691. The method of claim 649, wherein said calculating said payments so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises basing said maximum value on at least one of:

a. a predetermined fixed value,

b. a predetermined maximum yield.

692. The method of claim 649, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

693. The method of claim 692, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

694. The method of claim 692, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

695. The method of claim 649, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

696. The method of claim 649, wherein said calculating payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises calculating payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

697. The method of claim 649, wherein said calculating payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

698. The method of claim 649, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

699. The method of claim 698, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

700. The method of claim 698, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

701. The method of claim 700, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

702. The method of claim 698, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

703. The method of claim 702, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

704. The method of claim 649, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

705. The method of claim 649, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

706. The method of claim 649, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

707. The method of claim 649, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

708. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value.

709. The method of claim 708, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

710. The method of claim 708, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

711. The method of claim 708, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

712. The method of claim 708, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

713. The method of claim 708, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

714. The method of claim 708, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

715. The method of claim 708, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

716. The method of claim 708, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

717. The method of claim 708, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

718. The method of claim 708, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

719. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said financial instrument having an issuer, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

720. The method of claim 719, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

721. The method of claim 720 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

722. The method of claim 721, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

723. The method of claim 721, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

724. The method of claim 721, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

725. The method of claim 721, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

726. The method of claim 721 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

727. The method of claim 721, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

728. The method of claim 720, further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

729. The method of claim 728, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

730. The method of claim 720, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

731. The method of claim 720, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

732. The method of claim 719 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

733. The method of claim 732, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

734. The method of claim 732, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

735. The method of claim 732, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

736. The method of claim 732, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

737. The method of claim 732 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

738. The method of claim 732, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

739. The method of claim 719 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

740. The method of claim 739, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one contingency monitoring period.

741. The method of claim 739, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many contingency monitoring periods.

742. The method of claim 739, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

743. The method of claim 739, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

744. The method of claim 719, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

745. The method of claim 744, wherein said basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

746. The method of claim 719, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

747. The method of claim 719, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

748. The method of claim 719, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

749. The method of claim 748, wherein said basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

750. The method of claim 719, wherein said defining a contingency comprises establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies having at least one trigger.

751. The method of claim 750, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

752. The method of claim 751, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

753. The method of claim 751, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

754. The method of claim 751, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

755. The method of claim 750, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

756. The method of claim 755, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

757. The method of claim 755, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

758. The method of claim 755, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

759. The method of claim 719, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

760. The method of claim 759, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

761. The method of claim 719, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises basing said minimum value on at least one of:

a. a predetermined fixed value,

b. a predetermined minimum yield.

762. The method of claim 719, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

763. The method of claim 762, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

764. The method of claim 762, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

765. The method of claim 719, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security, k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

766. The method of claim 719, wherein said calculating payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises calculating payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

767. The method of claim 719, wherein said calculating payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises calculating payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value.

768. The method of claim 719, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

769. The method of claim 768, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

770. The method of claim 768, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

771. The method of claim 770, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

772. The method of claim 768, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

773. The method of claim 772, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

774. The method of claim 719, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

775. The method of claim 719, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

776. The method of claim 719, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

777. The method of claim 719, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

778. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

779. The method of claim 778, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

780. The method of claim 778, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

781. The method of claim 778, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

782. The method of claim 778, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

783. The method of claim 778, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

784. The method of claim 778, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

785. The method of claim 778, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

786. The method of claim 778, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

787. The method of claim 778, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

788. The method of claim 778, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

789. A financial services method associated with a financial instrument said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies, a payment becoming due on occurrence of at least one of;

a. satisfaction of one of said multiple contingencies,

b. satisfaction of more than one of said multiple contingencies, and

c. satisfaction of all of said multiple contingencies.

790. The method of claim 789, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

791. The method of claim 790 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

792. The method of claim 791, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said multiple contingencies;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

793. The method of claim 791, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

794. The method of claim 791, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

795. The method of claim 791, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

796. The method of claim 791 further comprising:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

797. The method of claim 791, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

798. The method of claim 791, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

799. The method of claim 790, further comprising:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

800. The method of claim 799, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

801. The method of claim 799, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

802. The method of claim 790, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

803. The method of claim 790, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

804. The method of claim 790, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said multiple contingencies;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

805. The method of claim 789 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

806. The method of claim 805, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said multiple contingencies;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

807. The method of claim 805, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

808. The method of claim 805, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

809. The method of claim 805, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

810. The method of claim 805 further comprising:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

811. The method of claim 805, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

812. The method of claim 805, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

813. The method of claim 789 further comprising:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

814. The method of claim 813, wherein said monitoring for said satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said multiple contingencies within at least one contingency monitoring period.

815. The method of claim 813, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many contingency monitoring periods.

816. The method of claim 813, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

817. The method of claim 813, further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

818. The method of claim 813, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

819. The method of claim 789, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

820. The method of claim 789, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

821. The method of claim 820, wherein said basing said contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument comprises setting said contingencies as satisfied once observed values of said instruments at least:

a. exceed a predetermined metric, or

b. are equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. are less than a predetermined metric.

822. The method of claim 789, wherein said defining said contingencies comprises establishing multiple contingencies each with at least one trigger.

823. The method of claim 822, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

824. The method of claim 823, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

825. The method of claim 823, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

826. The method of claim 823, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

827. The method of claim 822, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

828. The method of claim 827, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

829. The method of claim 827, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

830. The method of claim 827, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

831. The method of claim 789, further comprising:

a. disbursing said payment.

832. The method of claim 831, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

833. The method of claim 789, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

834. The method of claim 833, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

835. The method of claim 834, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

836. The method of claim 834, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

837. The method of claim 833, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

838. The method of claim 837, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per contingency monitoring period.

839. The method of claim 837, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

840. The method of claim 833, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

841. The method of claim 789, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

842. The method of claim 841, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

843. The method of claim 841, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

844. The method of claim 843, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

845. The method of claim 841, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

846. The method of claim 845, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

847. The method of claim 789, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

848. The method of claim 789, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

849. The method of claim 789, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

850. The method of claim 789, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

851. A financial services method comprising buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies, a payment becoming due on occurrence of at least one of;

a. satisfaction of one of said multiple contingencies,

b. satisfaction of more than one of said multiple contingencies, and

C. satisfaction of all of said multiple contingencies.

852. The method of claim 851, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

853. The method of claim 851, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

854. The method of claim 851, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

855. The method of claim 851, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

856. The method of claim 851, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

857. The method of claim 851, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

858. The method of claim 851, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

859. The method of claim 851, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

860. The method of claim 851, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

861. The method of claim 851, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

862. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency after a predetermined period of delay.

863. The system of claim 862, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

864. The system of claim 863 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

865. The method of claim 864, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

866. The system of claim 864, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

867. The system of claim 864, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

868. The system of claim 864, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

869. The system of claim 864 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

870. The system of claim 864, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

871. The system of claim 864, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

872. The system of claim 863, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

873. The system of claim 872, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

874. The system of claim 872, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

875. The system of claim 863, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

876. The system of claim 863, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

877. The system of claim 863, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

878. The system of claim 862 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

879. The system of claim 878, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

880. The system of claim 878, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

881. The system of claim 878, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

882. The system of claim 878, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

883. The system of claim 878 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

884. The system of claim 878, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

885. The system of claim 878, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

886. The system of claim 862 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

887. The system of claim 886, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one said contingency monitoring period.

888. The system of claim 886, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

889. The system of claim 886, wherein said means for monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

890. The system of claim 886, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

891. The system of claim 886, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

892. The system of claim 862, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

893. The system of claim 892, wherein said means for basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

894. The system of claim 862, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

895. The system of claim 862, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

896. The system of claim 862, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

897. The system of claim 896, wherein said means for basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

898. The system of claim 862, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies each with at least one trigger.

899. The system of claim 898, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

900. The system of claim 899, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

901. The system of claim 899, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

902. The system of claim 899, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

903. The system of claim 898, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

904. The system of claim 903, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

905. The system of claim 903, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

906. The system of claim 903, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

907. The system of claim 862, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

908. The system of claim 907, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

909. The system of claim 862, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

910. The system of claim 909, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

911. The system of claim 910, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a fixed rate formula.

912. The system of claim 910, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a variable rate formula.

913. The system of claim 909, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

914. The system of claim 913, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

915. The system of claim 913, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

916. The system of claim 909, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

917. The system of claim 862, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

918. The system of claim 917, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

919. The system of claim 917, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

920. The system of claim 919, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

921. The system of claim 917, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

922. The system of claim 921, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

923. The system of claim 862, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

924. The system of claim 862, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

925. The system of claim 862, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

926. The system of claim 862, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

927. The method of claim 862, wherein said predetermined period of delay comprises a period of delay greater than a contingency monitoring period.

928. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency after a predetermined period of delay.

929. The system of claim 928, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

930. The system of claim 928, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

931. The system of claim 928, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

932. The system of claim 928, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

933. The system of claim 928, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

934. The system of claim 928, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

935. The system of claim 928, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

936. The system of claim 928, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

937. The system of claim 928, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

938. The system of claim 928, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

939. The system of claim 928, wherein said predetermined period of delay comprises a period of delay greater than a contingency monitoring period.

940. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining a contingency having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when said trigger drops below a predetermined value.

941. The system of claim 940, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

942. The system of claim 941, further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

943. The system of claim 942, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

944. The system of claim 942, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

945. The system of claim 942, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

946. The system of claim 942, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

947. The system of claim 942, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

948. The system of claim 942, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

949. The system of claim 942, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

950. The system of claim 941, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

951. The system of claim 950, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

952. The system of claim 950, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

953. The system of claim 941, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

954. The system of claim 941, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

955. The system of claim 941, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

956. The system of claim 940 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

957. The system of claim 956, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

958. The system of claim 956, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

959. The system of claim 956, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

960. The system of claim 956, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

961. The system of claim 956 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

962. The system of claim 956, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

963. The system of claim 956, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

964. The system of claim 940 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

965. The system of claim 964, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

966. The system of claim 964, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

967. The system of claim 964, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring realtime data.

968. The system of claim 964, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

969. The system of claim 964, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

970. The system of claim 940, wherein said means for defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises means for basing said trigger on an event related to said financial instrument.

971. The system of claim 940, wherein said means for defining a contingency having at least on trigger comprises means for basing said trigger on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

972. The system of claim 940, wherein said means for defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

973. The system of claim 972, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

974. The system of claim 972, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

975. The system of claim 972, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

976. The system of claim 940, wherein said means for defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

977. The system of claim 976, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

978. The system of claim 976, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than

979. The system of claim 976, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

980. The system of claim 940, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

981. The system of claim 940, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

982. The system of claim 981, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

983. The system of claim 940, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

984. The system of claim 983, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

985. The system of claim 984, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a fixed rate formula.

986. The system of claim 984, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a variable rate formula.

987. The system of claim 983, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

988. The system of claim 987, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

989. The system of claim 987, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

990. The system of claim 983, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

991. The system of claim 983, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

992. The system of claim 940, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

993. The system of claim 992, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

994. The system of claim 992, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

995. The system of claim 994, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

996. The system of claim 992, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

997. The system of claim 996, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

998. The system of claim 940, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

999. The system of claim 940, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1000. The system of claim 940, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1001. The system of claim 940, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1002. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when said trigger drops below a predetermined value.

1003. The system of claim 1002, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1004. The system of claim 1002, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1005. The system of claim 1002, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1006. The system of claim 1002, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1007. The system of claim 1002, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

1008. The system of claim 1002, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

1009. The system of claim 1002, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1010. The system of claim 1002, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1011. The system of claim 1002, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1012. The system of claim 1002, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1013. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when any one of said triggers drops below a predetermined value.

1014. The system of claim 1013, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1015. The system of claim 1014, further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1016. The system of claim 1015, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1017. The system of claim 1015, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1018. The system of claim 1015, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1019. The system of claim 1015, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1020. The system of claim 1015, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1021. The system of claim 1015, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1022. The system of claim 1015, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

1023. The system of claim 1014, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1024. The system of claim 1023, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1025. The system of claim 1023, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1026. The system of claim 1014, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1027. The system of claim 1014, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1028. The system of claim 1014, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1029. The system of claim 1013 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1030. The system of claim 1029, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1031. The system of claim 1029, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1032. The system of claim 1029, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1033. The system of claim 1029, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1034. The system of claim 1029 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1035. The system of claim 1029, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1036. The system of claim 1029, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1037. The system of claim 1013 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1038. The system of claim 1037, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

1039. The system of claim 1037, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1040. The system of claim 1037, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring realtime data.

1041. The system of claim 1037, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1042. The system of claim 1037, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1043. The system of claim 1013, wherein said means for defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises means for basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

1044. The system of claim 1013, wherein said means for defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises means for basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

1045. The system of claim 1013, wherein said means for defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

1046. The system of claim 1045, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1047. The system of claim 1045, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1048. The system of claim 1045, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1049. The system of claim 1013, wherein said means for defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

1050. The system of claim 1049, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1051. The system of claim 1049, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1052. The system of claim 1049, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1053. The system of claim 1013, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1054. The system of claim 1013, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1055. The system of claim 1054, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

1056. The system of claim 1013, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1057. The system of claim 1056, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

1058. The system of claim 1057, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a fixed rate formula.

1059. The system of claim 1057, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a variable rate formula.

1060. The system of claim 1056, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

1061. The system of claim 1060, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

1062. The system of claim 1060, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

1063. The system of claim 1056, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

1064. The system of claim 1056, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

1065. The system of claim 1013, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

1066. The system of claim 1065, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

1067. The system of claim 1065, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

1068. The system of claim 1067, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

1069. The system of claim 1065, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

1070. The system of claim 1069, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

1071. The system of claim 1013, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1072. The system of claim 1013, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1073. The system of claim 1013, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1074. The system of claim 1013, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference

1075. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when any one of said triggers drops below a predetermined value.

1076. The system of claim 1075, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1077. The system of claim 1075, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1078. The system of claim 1075, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1079. The system of claim 1075, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1080. The system of claim 1075, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

1081. The system of claim 1075, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

1082. The system of claim 1075, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1083. The system of claim 1075, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1084. The system of claim 1075, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1085. The system of claim 1075, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1086. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values.

1087. The system of claim 1086, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1088. The system of claim 1087, further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1089. The system of claim 1088, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1090. The system of claim 1088, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1091. The system of claim 1088, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1092. The system of claim 1088, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1093. The system of claim 1088, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1094. The system of claim 1088, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1095. The system of claim 1088, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

1096. The system of claim 1087, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1097. The system of claim 1096, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1098. The system of claim 1096, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1099. The system of claim 1087, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1100. The system of claim 1087, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1101. The system of claim 1087, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1102. The system of claim 1086 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1103. The system of claim 1102, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1104. The system of claim 1102, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1105. The system of claim 1102, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1106. The system of claim 1102, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1107. The system of claim 1102 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1108. The system of claim 1102, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1109. The system of claim 1102, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1110. The system of claim 1086 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1111. The system of claim 1110, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

1112. The system of claim 1110, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1113. The system of claim 1110, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring realtime data.

1114. The system of claim 1110, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1115. The system of claim 1110, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1116. The system of claim 1086, wherein said means for defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises means for basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

1117. The system of claim 1086, wherein said means for defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises means for basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

1118. The system of claim 1086, wherein said means for defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

1119. The system of claim 1118, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1120. The system of claim 1118, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1121. The system of claim 1118, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1122. The system of claim 1086, wherein said means for defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

1123. The system of claim 1122, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1124. The system of claim 1122, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1125. The system of claim 1122, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1126. The system of claim 1086, wherein said predetermined values comprise predetermined percentages of the conversion value.

1127. The system of claim 1086, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1128. The system of claim 1127, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

1129. The system of claim 1086, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1130. The system of claim 1129, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

1131. The system of claim 1130, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a fixed rate formula.

1132. The system of claim 1130, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a variable rate formula.

1133. The system of claim 1129, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

1134. The system of claim 1133, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

1135. The system of claim 1133, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

1136. The system of claim 1129, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

1137. The system of claim 1129, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

1138. The system of claim 1086, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

1139. The system of claim 1138, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

1140. The system of claim 1138, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

1141. The system of claim 1140, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

1142. The system of claim 1138, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

1143. The system of claim 1142, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

1144. The system of claim 1086, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1145. The system of claim 1086, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1146. The system of claim 1086, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1147. The system of claim 1086, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1148. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values.

1149. The system of claim 1148, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1150. The system of claim 1148, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1151. The system of claim 1148, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1152. The system of claim 1148, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1153. The system of claim 1148, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

1154. The system of claim 1148, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

1155. The system of claim 1148, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1156. The system of claim 1148, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1157. The system of claim 1148, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1158. The system of claim 1148, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1159. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when any said trigger of any said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

1160. The system of claim 1159, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1161. The system of claim 1160, further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1162. The system of claim 1161, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1163. The system of claim 1161, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1164. The system of claim 1161, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1165. The system of claim 1161, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1166. The system of claim 1161, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1167. The system of claim 1161, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1168. The system of claim 1161, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

1169. The system of claim 1160, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1170. The system of claim 1169, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1171. The system of claim 1169, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1172. The system of claim 1160, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1173. The system of claim 1160, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1174. The system of claim 1160, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1175. The system of claim 1159 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1176. The system of claim 1175, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1177. The system of claim 1175, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1178. The system of claim 1175, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1179. The system of claim 1175, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1180. The system of claim 1175 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1181. The system of claim 1175, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1182. The system of claim 1175, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1183. The system of claim 1159 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1184. The system of claim 1183, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

1185. The system of claim 1183, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1186. The system of claim 1183, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring realtime data.

1187. The system of claim 1183, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1188. The system of claim 1183, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1189. The system of claim 1159, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises means for basing said trigger on an event related to said financial instrument.

1190. The system of claim 1159, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises means for basing said trigger on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

1191. The system of claim 1159, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

1192. The system of claim 1191, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1193. The system of claim 1191, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1194. The system of claim 1191, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1195. The system of claim 1159, wherein means for defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

1196. The system of claim 1195, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1197. The system of claim 1195, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1198. The system of claim 1195, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1199. The system of claim 1159, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1200. The system of claim 1159, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1201. The system of claim 1200, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

1202. The system of claim 1159, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1203. The system of claim 1202, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

1204. The system of claim 1203, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a fixed rate formula.

1205. The system of claim 1203, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a variable rate formula.

1206. The system of claim 1202, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

1207. The system of claim 1206, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

1208. The system of claim 1206, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

1209. The system of claim 1202, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

1210. The system of claim 1202, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

1211. The system of claim 1159, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

1212. The system of claim 1211, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

1213. The system of claim 1211, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

1214. The system of claim 1213, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

1215. The system of claim 1211, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

1216. The system of claim 1215, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

1217. The system of claim 1159, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1218. The system of claim 1159, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1219. The system of claim 1159, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1220. The system of claim 1159, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1221. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when any said trigger of any said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

1222. The system of claim 1221, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1223. The system of claim 1221, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1224. The system of claim 1221, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1225. The system of claim 1221, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1226. The system of claim 1221, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

1227. The system of claim 1221, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

1228. The system of claim 1221, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1229. The system of claim 1221, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1230. The system of claim 1221, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1231. The system of claim 1221, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1232. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when one of said multiple triggers of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

1233. The system of claim 1232, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1234. The system of claim 1233, further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1235. The system of claim 1234, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1236. The system of claim 1234, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1237. The system of claim 1234, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1238. The system of claim 1234, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1239. The system of claim 1234, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1240. The system of claim 1234, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1241. The system of claim 1234, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

1242. The system of claim 1233, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1243. The system of claim 1242, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1244. The system of claim 1242, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1245. The system of claim 1233, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1246. The system of claim 1233, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1247. The system of claim 1233, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1248. The system of claim 1232 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1249. The system of claim 1248, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1250. The system of claim 1248, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1251. The system of claim 1248, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1252. The system of claim 1248, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1253. The system of claim 1248 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1254. The system of claim 1248, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1255. The system of claim 1248, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1256. The system of claim 1232 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1257. The system of claim 1256, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

1258. The system of claim 1256, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1259. The system of claim 1256, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring realtime data.

1260. The system of claim 1256, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1261. The system of claim 1256, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1262. The system of claim 1232, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises means for basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

1263. The system of claim 1232, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises means for basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

1264. The system of claim 1232, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

1265. The system of claim 1264, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1266. The system of claim 1264, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1267. The system of claim 1264, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1268. The system of claim 1232, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

1269. The system of claim 1268, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1270. The system of claim 1268, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1271. The system of claim 1268, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1272. The system of claim 1232, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1273. The system of claim 1232, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1274. The system of claim 1273, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

1275. The system of claim 1232, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1276. The system of claim 1275, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

1277. The system of claim 1276, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a fixed rate formula.

1278. The system of claim 1276, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a variable rate formula.

1279. The system of claim 1275, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

1280. The system of claim 1279, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

1281. The system of claim 1279, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

1282. The system of claim 1275, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

1283. The system of claim 1275, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

1284. The system of claim 1232, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

1285. The system of claim 1284, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

1286. The system of claim 1284, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

1287. The system of claim 1286, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

1288. The system of claim 1284, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

1289. The system of claim 1288, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

1290. The system of claim 1232, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1291. The system of claim 1232, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1292. The system of claim 1232, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1293. The system of claim 1232, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1294. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when one of said multiple triggers of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

1295. The system of claim 1294, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1296. The system of claim 1294, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1297. The system of claim 1294, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1298. The system of claim 1294, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1299. The system of claim 1294, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

1300. The system of claim 1294, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

1301. The system of claim 1294, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1302. The system of claim 1294, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1303. The system of claim 1294, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1304. The system of claim 1294, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1305. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when at least two of said multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values, at least one of said at least two triggers being a trigger of a different contingency from any other of said at least two triggers.

1306. The system of claim 1305, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1307. The system of claim 1306, further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1308. The system of claim 1307, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1309. The system of claim 1307, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1310. The system of claim 1307, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1311. The system of claim 1307, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1312. The system of claim 1307, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1313. The system of claim 1307, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1314. The system of claim 1307, further comprising:

calculating said payment.

1315. The system of claim 1306, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1316. The system of claim 1315, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1317. The system of claim 1315, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1318. The system of claim 1306, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1319. The system of claim 1306, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1320. The system of claim 1306, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1321. The system of claim 1305 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1322. The system of claim 1321, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1323. The system of claim 1321, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1324. The system of claim 1321, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1325. The system of claim 1321, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1326. The system of claim 1321 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1327. The system of claim 1321, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1328. The system of claim 1321, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1329. The system of claim 1305 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1330. The system of claim 1329, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

1331. The system of claim 1329, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1332. The system of claim 1329, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring realtime data.

1333. The system of claim 1329, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1334. The system of claim 1329, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1335. The system of claim 1305, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises means for basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

1336. The system of claim 1305, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises means for basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

1337. The system of claim 1305, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

1338. The system of claim 1337, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1339. The system of claim 1337, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1340. The system of claim 1337, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1341. The system of claim 1305, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

1342. The system of claim 1341, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1343. The system of claim 1341, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1344. The system of claim 1341, wherein said means for setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1345. The system of claim 1305, wherein said predetermined values comprise predetermined percentages of the conversion value.

1346. The system of claim 1305, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1347. The system of claim 1346, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

1348. The system of claim 1305, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1349. The system of claim 1348, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

1350. The system of claim 1349, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a fixed rate formula.

1351. The system of claim 1349, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a variable rate formula.

1352. The system of claim 1348, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

1353. The system of claim 1352, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

1354. The system of claim 1352, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

1355. The system of claim 1348, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

1356. The system of claim 1348, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

1357. The system of claim 1305, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

1358. The system of claim 1357, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

1359. The system of claim 1357, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

1360. The system of claim 1359, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

1361. The system of claim 1357, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

1362. The system of claim 1361, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

1363. The system of claim 1305, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1364. The system of claim 1305, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1365. The system of claim 1305, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1366. The system of claim 1305, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1367. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when at least two of said multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values, at least one of said at least two triggers being a trigger of a different contingency from any other of said at least two triggers.

1368. The system of claim 1367, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1369. The system of claim 1367, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1370. The system of claim 1367, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1371. The system of claim 1367, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1372. The system of claim 1367, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

1373. The system of claim 1367, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

1374. The system of claim 1367, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1375. The system of claim 1367, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1376. The system of claim 1367, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1377. The system of claim 1367, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1378. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining a contingency, said contingency having a trigger based upon at least one of;

a. trading value of said financial instrument,

b. trading yield of said financial instrument,

c. dividend yield of said underlying reference,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

k. trading yield of a security,

l. an index;

wherein;

a payment becomes due on occurrence of said contingency.

1379. The system of claim 1378, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1380. The system of claim 1379 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1381. The method of claim 1380, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1382. The system of claim 1380, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1383. The system of claim 1380, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1384. The system of claim 1380, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1385. The system of claim 1380 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1386. The system of claim 1380, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1387. The system of claim 1380, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1388. The system of claim 1379, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1389. The system of claim 1388, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1390. The system of claim 1388, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1391. The system of claim 1379, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1392. The system of claim 1379, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1393. The system of claim 1379, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1394. The system of claim 1378 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1395. The system of claim 1394, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1396. The system of claim 1394, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1397. The system of claim 1394, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1398. The system of claim 1394, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1399. The system of claim 1394 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1400. The system of claim 1394, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1401. The system of claim 1394, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1402. The system of claim 1378 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1403. The system of claim 1402, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one said contingency monitoring period.

1404. The system of claim 1402, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1405. The system of claim 1402, wherein said means for monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

1406. The system of claim 1402, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1407. The system of claim 1402, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1408. The system of claim 1378, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies each with at least one trigger.

1409. The system of claim 1408, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

1410. The system of claim 1409, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1411. The system of claim 1409, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1412. The system of claim 1409, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1413. The system of claim 1378, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1414. The system of claim 1413, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

1415. The system of claim 1378, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1416. The system of claim 1415, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

1417. The system of claim 1416, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a fixed rate formula.

1418. The system of claim 1416, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a variable rate formula.

1419. The system of claim 1415, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

1420. The system of claim 1419, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

1421. The system of claim 1419, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

1422. The system of claim 1415, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

1423. The system of claim 1415, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

1424. The system of claim 1378, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

1425. The system of claim 1424, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

1426. The system of claim 1424, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

1427. The system of claim 1426, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

1428. The system of claim 1424, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

1429. The system of claim 1428, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

1430. The system of claim 1378, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1431. The system of claim 1378, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1432. The system of claim 1378, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1433. The system of claim 1378, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1434. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument, said financial instrument having an issue and created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, said contingency having a trigger based upon at least one of;

a. trading value of said financial instrument,

b. trading yield of said financial instrument,

c. dividend yield of said underlying reference,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

k. trading yield of a security,

l. an index;

wherein;

a payment becomes due on occurrence of said contingency.

1435. The system of claim 1434, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1436. The system of claim 1434, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1437. The system of claim 1434, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1438. The system of claim 1434, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1439. The system of claim 1434, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1440. The system of claim 1434, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1441. The system of claim 1434, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1442. The system of claim 1434, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1443. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of;

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

l. an index.

1444. The system of claim 1443, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1445. The system of claim 1444 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1446. The method of claim 1445, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1447. The system of claim 1445, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1448. The system of claim 1445, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1449. The system of claim 1445, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1450. The system of claim 1445 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1451. The system of claim 1445, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1452. The system of claim 1444, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1453. The system of claim 1452, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1454. The system of claim 1444, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1455. The system of claim 1444, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1456. The system of claim 1443 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1457. The system of claim 1456, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1458. The system of claim 1456, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1459. The system of claim 1456, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1460. The system of claim 1456, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1461. The system of claim 1456 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1462. The system of claim 1456, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1463. The system of claim 1443 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1464. The system of claim 1463, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one said contingency monitoring period.

1465. The system of claim 1463, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1466. The system of claim 1463, wherein said means for monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

1467. The system of claim 1463, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1468. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

1469. The system of claim 1468, wherein said means for basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

1470. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1471. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1472. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

1473. The system of claim 1472, wherein said means for basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

1474. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies each with at least one trigger.

1475. The system of claim 1474, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

1476. The system of claim 1475, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1477. The system of claim 1475, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1478. The system of claim 1475, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1479. The system of claim 1474, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

1480. The system of claim 1479, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1481. The system of claim 1479, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1482. The system of claim 1479, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1483. The system of claim 1443, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1484. The system of claim 1483, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

1485. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

1486. The system of claim 1485, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

1487. The system of claim 1485, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

1488. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

1489. The system of claim 1443, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

1490. The system of claim 1489, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

1491. The system of claim 1489, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

1492. The system of claim 1491, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

1493. The system of claim 1489, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

1494. The system of claim 1493, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

1495. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1496. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1497. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1498. The system of claim 1443, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1499. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument, said financial instrument having an issuer and created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment based upon at least one of;

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

l. an index.

1500. The system of claim 1499, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1501. The system of claim 1499, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1502. The system of claim 1499, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1503. The system of claim 1499, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1504. The system of claim 1499, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

1505. The system of claim 1499, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

1506. The system of claim 1499, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1507. The system of claim 1499, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1508. The system of claim 1499, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1509. The system of claim 1499, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1510. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

means for calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value.

1511. The system of claim 1510, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1512. The system of claim 1511, further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1513. The method of claim 1512, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1514. The system of claim 1512, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1515. The system of claim 1512, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1516. The system of claim 1512, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1517. The system of claim 1512 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1518. The system of claim 1512, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1519. The system of claim 1511, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1520. The system of claim 1519, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1521. The system of claim 1511, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1522. The system of claim 1511, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1523. The system of claim 1510 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1524. The system of claim 1523, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1525. The system of claim 1523, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1526. The system of claim 1523, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1527. The system of claim 1523, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1528. The system of claim 1523 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1529. The system of claim 1523, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1530. The system of claim 1510 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1531. The system of claim 1530, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one said contingency monitoring period.

1532. The system of claim 1530, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1533. The system of claim 1530, wherein said means for monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

1534. The system of claim 1530, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1535. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

1536. The system of claim 1535, wherein said means for basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

1537. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1538. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1539. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

1540. The system of claim 1539, wherein said means for basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

1541. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies each with at least one trigger.

1542. The system of claim 1541, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

1543. The system of claim 1542, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1544. The system of claim 1542, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1545. The system of claim 1542, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1546. The system of claim 1541, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

1547. The system of claim 1546, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1548. The system of claim 1546, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1549. The system of claim 1546, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1550. The system of claim 1510, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1551. The system of claim 1550, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

1552. The method of claim 1510, wherein said means for calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises means for basing said maximum value on at least one of:

a. a predetermined fixed value,

b. a predetermined maximum yield.

1553. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

1554. The system of claim 1553, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

1555. The system of claim 1553, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

1556. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

1557. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises means for calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

1558. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises means for calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

1559. The system of claim 1510, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

1560. The system of claim 1559, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

1561. The system of claim 1559, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

1562. The system of claim 1561, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

1563. The system of claim 1559, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

1564. The system of claim 1563, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

1565. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1566. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1567. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1568. The system of claim 1510, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1569. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value.

1570. The system of claim 1569, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1571. The system of claim 1569, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1572. The system of claim 1569, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1573. The system of claim 1569, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1574. The system of claim 1569, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

1575. The system of claim 1569, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

1576. The system of claim 1569, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1577. The system of claim 1569, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1578. The system of claim 1569, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1579. The system of claim 1569, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1580. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

means for calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

1581. The system of claim 1580, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1582. The system of claim 1581, further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1583. The method of claim 1582, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1584. The system of claim 1582, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1585. The system of claim 1582, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1586. The system of claim 1582, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1587. The system of claim 1582 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1588. The system of claim 1582, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1589. The system of claim 1581, further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1590. The system of claim 1589, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1591. The system of claim 1581, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1592. The system of claim 1581, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1593. The system of claim 1580 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1594. The system of claim 1593, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1595. The system of claim 1593, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1596. The system of claim 1593, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1597. The system of claim 1593, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1598. The system of claim 1593 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1599. The system of claim 1593, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1600. The system of claim 1580 further comprising:

means for monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1601. The system of claim 1600, wherein said means for monitoring for satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one said contingency monitoring period.

1602. The system of claim 1600, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1603. The system of claim 1600, wherein said means for monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

1604. The system of claim 1600, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1605. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

1606. The system of claim 1605, wherein said means for basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

1607. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1608. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1609. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

1610. The system of claim 1609, wherein said means for basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises means for setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

1611. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for defining a contingency comprises means for establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies each with at least one trigger.

1612. The system of claim 1611, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

1613. The system of claim 1612, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1614. The system of claim 1612, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1615. The system of claim 1612, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1616. The system of claim 1611, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

1617. The system of claim 1616, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1618. The system of claim 1616, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1619. The system of claim 1616, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1620. The system of claim 1580, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1621. The system of claim 1620, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

1622. The method of claim 1580, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises basing said minimum value on at least one of:

a. a predetermined fixed value,

b. a predetermined minimum yield.

1623. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

1624. The system of claim 1623, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

1625. The system of claim 1623, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

1626. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

1627. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises means for calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

1628. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises means for calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value.

1629. The system of claim 1580, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

1630. The system of claim 1629, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

1631. The system of claim 1629, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

1632. The system of claim 1631, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

1633. The system of claim 1629, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

1634. The system of claim 1633, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

1635. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1636. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1637. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1638. The system of claim 1580, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1639. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

1640. The system of claim 1639, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1641. The system of claim 1639, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1642. The system of claim 1639, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1643. The system of claim 1639, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1644. The system of claim 1639, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

1645. The system of claim 1639, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

1646. The system of claim 1639, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1647. The system of claim 1639, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1648. The system of claim 1639, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1649. The system of claim 1639, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1650. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

means for identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

means for defining multiple contingencies, a payment becoming due on occurrence of at least one of;

a. satisfaction of one of said multiple contingencies,

b. satisfaction of more than one of said multiple contingencies, and

c. satisfaction of all of said multiple contingencies.

1651. The system of claim 1650, further comprising:

means for establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1652. The system of claim 1651 further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1653. The method of claim 1652, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said multiple contingencies;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1654. The system of claim 1652, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1655. The system of claim 1652, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1656. The system of claim 1652, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1657. The system of claim 1652 further comprising:

means for monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

1658. The system of claim 1652, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1659. The system of claim 1652, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1660. The system of claim 1651, further comprising:

means for monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

1661. The system of claim 1660, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1662. The system of claim 1660, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1663. The system of claim 1651, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1664. The system of claim 1651, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1665. The system of claim 1651, wherein said means for establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises means for basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said multiple contingencies;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1666. The system of claim 1650, further comprising:

means for selling said financial instrument.

1667. The system of claim 1666, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said multiple contingencies;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1668. The system of claim 1666, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for auctioning said financial instrument.

1669. The system of claim 1666, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1670. The system of claim 1666, wherein said means for selling said financial instrument comprises means for selling a part of said financial instrument.

1671. The system of claim 1666, further comprising:

means for monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

1672. The system of claim 1666, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1673. The system of claim 1666, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1674. The system of claim 1650, further comprising:

means for monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

1675. The system of claim 1674, wherein said means for monitoring for said satisfaction comprises means for comparing market data to requirements of said multiple contingencies within at least one contingency monitoring period.

1676. The system of claim 1674, wherein said means for monitoring comprises means for monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1677. The system of claim 1674, wherein said means for monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

1678. The system of claim 1674, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1679. The system of claim 1674, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1680. The system of claim 1650, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies comprises means for basing said contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

1681. The system of claim 1650, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies comprises means for basing said contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

1682. The system of claim 1681, wherein said means for basing said contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument comprises means for setting said contingencies as satisfied once observed values of said instruments at least:

a. exceed a predetermined metric, or

b. are equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. are less than a predetermined metric.

1683. The system of claim 1650, wherein said means for defining multiple contingencies comprises means for establishing multiple contingencies each with at least one trigger.

1684. The system of claim 1683, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

1685. The system of claim 1684, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1686. The system of claim 1684, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1687. The system of claim 1684, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1688. The system of claim 1683, wherein said means for establishing at least one trigger comprises means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

1689. The system of claim 1688, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple equal to 1.

1690. The system of claim 1688, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple less than 1.

1691. The system of claim 1688, wherein said means for setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises means for using a multiple greater than 1.

1692. The system of claim 1650, further comprising:

means for disbursing said payment.

1693. The system of claim 1692, wherein said means for disbursing said payment comprises means for sending a negotiable instrument.

1694. The system of claim 1650, further comprising:

means for calculating said payment.

1695. The system of claim 1694, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

1696. The system of claim 1695, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a fixed rate formula.

1697. The system of claim 1695, wherein said means for establishing a formula comprises means for using a variable rate formula.

1698. The system of claim 1694, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

1699. The system of claim 1698, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment at least once per contingency monitoring period.

1700. The system of claim 1698, wherein said means for calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises means for calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

1701. The system of claim 1694, wherein said means for calculating said payment comprises means for calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

1702. The system of claim 1650, further comprising means for preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

1703. The system of claim 1702, wherein said means for preparing said projected payment schedule comprises means for determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

1704. The system of claim 1702, wherein said means for preparing said incidental analysis comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied.

1705. The system of claim 1704, wherein said means for determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

1706. The system of claim 1702, wherein said means for preparing said remoteness analysis comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

1707. The system of claim 1706, wherein said means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises means for determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

1708. The system of claim 1650, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1709. The system of claim 1650, wherein said means for attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises means for attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1710. The system of claim 1650, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1711. The system of claim 1650, wherein said means for identifying an underlying reference comprises means for basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1712. A financial services system comprising means for buying a financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies, a payment becoming due on occurrence of at least one of;

a. satisfaction of one of said multiple contingencies,

b. satisfaction of more than one of said multiple contingencies, and

c. satisfaction of all of said multiple contingencies.

1713. The system of claim 1712, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1714. The system of claim 1712, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for bidding for said financial instrument.

1715. The system of claim 1712, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

1716. The system of claim 1712, wherein said means for buying said financial instrument comprises means for buying a part of said financial instrument.

1717. The system of claim 1712, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

1718. The system of claim 1712, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

1719. The system of claim 1712, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1720. The system of claim 1712, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

1721. The system of claim 1712, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

1722. The system of claim 1712, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

1723. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency after a predetermined period of delay.

1724. The system of claim 1723 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1725. The system of claim 1724 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1726. The system of claim 1725 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1727. The system of claim 1725 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1728. The system of claim 1725 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1729. The system of claim 1724 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1730. The-system of claim 1729 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1731. The system of claim 1729 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1732. The system of claim 1724 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1733. The system of claim 1724 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1734. The system of claim 1723 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1735. The system of claim 1734 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1736. The system of claim 1734 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1737. The system of claim 1734 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1738. The system of claim 1723 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1739. The system of claim 1738 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1740. The system of claim 1738 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1741. The system of claim 1723 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1742. The system of claim 1723 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1743. The system of claim 1723 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1744. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines a contingency having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when said trigger drops below a predetermined value during a contingency monitoring period.

1745. The system of claim 1744 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1746. The system of claim 1745 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1747. The system of claim 1746 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1748. The system of claim 1746 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1749. The system of claim 1746 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1750. The system of claim 1745 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1751. The system of claim 1750 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1752. The system of claim 1750 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1753. The system of claim 1745 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1754. The system of claim 1745 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1755. The system of claim 1744 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1756. The system of claim 1755 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1757. The system of claim 1755 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1758. The system of claim 1755 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1759. The system of claim 1744 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1760. The system of claim 1759 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1761. The system of claim 1759 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1762. The system of claim 1744 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1763. The system of claim 1744 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1764. The system of claim 1744 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1765. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when any one of said triggers drops below a predetermined value during a contingency monitoring period.

1766. The system of claim 1765 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1767. The system of claim 1766 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1768. The system of claim 1767 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1769. The system of claim 1767 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1770. The system of claim 1767 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1771. The system of claim 1766 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1772. The system of claim 1771 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1773. The system of claim 1771 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1774. The system of claim 1766 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1775. The system of claim 1766 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1776. The system of claim 1765 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1777. The system of claim 1776 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1778. The system of claim 1776 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1779. The system of claim 1776 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1780. The system of claim 1765 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1781. The system of claim 1780 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1782. The system of claim 1780 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1783. The system of claim 1765 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1784. The system of claim 1765 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1785. The system of claim 1765 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1786. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values during a contingency monitoring period.

1787. The system of claim 1786 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1788. The system of claim 1787 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1789. The system of claim 1788 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1790. The system of claim 1788 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1791. The system of claim 1788 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1792. The system of claim 1787 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1793. The system of claim 1792 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1794. The system of claim 1792 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1795. The system of claim 1787 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1796. The system of claim 1787 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1797. The system of claim 1786 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1798. The system of claim 1797 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1799. The system of claim 1797 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1800. The system of claim 1797 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1801. The system of claim 1786 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1802. The system of claim 1801 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1803. The system of claim 1801 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1804. The system of claim 1786 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1805. The system of claim 1786 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1806. The system of claim 1786 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1807. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when any said trigger drops below a predetermined value during a contingency monitoring period.

1808. The system of claim 1807 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1809. The system of claim 1808 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1810. The system of claim 1809 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1811. The system of claim 1809 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1812. The system of claim 1809 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1813. The system of claim 1808 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1814. The system of claim 1813 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1815. The system of claim 1813 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1816. The system of claim 1808 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1817. The system of claim 1808 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1818. The system of claim 1807 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1819. The system of claim 1818 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1820. The system of claim 1818 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1821. The system of claim 1818 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1822. The system of claim 1807 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1823. The system of claim 1822 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1824. The system of claim 1822 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1825. The system of claim 1807 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1826. The system of claim 1807 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1827. The system of claim 1807 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1828. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines multiple contingencies each having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when one of said multiple triggers drops below a predetermined value during a contingency monitoring period.

1829. The system of claim 1828 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1830. The system of claim 1829 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1831. The system of claim 1830 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1832. The system of claim 1830 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1833. The system of claim 1830 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1834. The system of claim 1829 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1835. The system of claim 1834 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1836. The system of claim 1834 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1837. The system of claim 1829 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1838. The system of claim 1829 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1839. The system of claim 1828 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1840. The system of claim 1839 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1841. The system of claim 1839 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1842. The system of claim 1839 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1843. The system of claim 1828 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1844. The system of claim 1843 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1845. The system of claim 1843 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1846. The system of claim 1828 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1847. The system of claim 1828 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1848. The system of claim 1828 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1849. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines multiple contingencies each having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when at least two of said multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values during a contingency monitoring period, at least one of said at least two triggers being a trigger of a different contingency from any other of said at least two triggers.

1850. The system of claim 1849 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1851. The system of claim 1850 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1852. The system of claim 1851 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1853. The system of claim 1851 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1854. The system of claim 1851 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1855. The system of claim 1850 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1856. The system of claim 1855 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1857. The system of claim 1855 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1858. The system of claim 1850 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1859. The system of claim 1850 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1860. The system of claim 1849 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1861. The system of claim 1860 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1862. The system of claim 1860 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1863. The system of claim 1860 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1864. The system of claim 1849 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1865. The system of claim 1864 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1866. The system of claim 1864 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1867. The system of claim 1849 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1868. The system of claim 1849 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1869. The system of claim 1849 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1870. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines a contingency, said contingency having a trigger based upon at least one of;

a. trading value of said financial instrument,

b. trading yield of said financial instrument,

c. dividend yield of said underlying reference,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

k. trading yield of a security,

l. an index;

wherein;

a payment becomes due on occurrence of said contingency.

1871. The system of claim 1870 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1872. The system of claim 1871 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1873. The system of claim 1872 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1874. The system of claim 1872 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1875. The system of claim 1872 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1876. The system of claim 1871 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1877. The system of claim 1876 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1878. The system of claim 1876 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1879. The system of claim 1871 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1880. The system of claim 1871 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1881. The system of claim 1870 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1882. The system of claim 1881 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1883. The system of claim 1881 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1884. The system of claim 1881 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1885. The system of claim 1870 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1886. The system of claim 1885 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1887. The system of claim 1885 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1888. The system of claim 1870 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1889. The system of claim 1870 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1890. The system of claim 1870 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1891. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines a contingency;

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment based upon at least one of;

a. trading value of said financial instrument,

b. trading yield of said financial instrument,

c. dividend yield of said underlying reference,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

l. an index.

1892. The system of claim 1891 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1893. The system of claim 1892 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1894. The system of claim 1893 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1895. The system of claim 1893 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1896. The system of claim 1892 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1897. The system of claim 1896 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1898. The system of claim 1892 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1899. The system of claim 1891 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1900. The system of claim 1899 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1901. The system of claim 1899 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1902. The system of claim 1891 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1903. The system of claim 1902 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1904. The system of claim 1891 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1905. The system of claim 1891 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1906. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines a contingency;

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value

1907. The system of claim 1906 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1908. The system of claim 1907 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1909. The system of claim 1908 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1910. The system of claim 1908 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1911. The system of claim 1907 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1912. The system of claim 1911 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1913. The system of claim 1907 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1914. The system of claim 1906 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1915. The system of claim 1914 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1916. The system of claim 1914 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1917. The system of claim 1906 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1918. The system of claim 1917 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1919. The system of claim 1906 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1920. The system of claim 1906 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1921. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines a contingency;

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

1922. The system of claim 1921 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1923. The system of claim 1922 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1924. The system of claim 1923 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1925. The system of claim 1923 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1926. The system of claim 1922 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1927. The system of claim 1926 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1928. The system of claim 1922 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1929. The system of claim 1921 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1930. The system of claim 1929 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1931. The system of claim 1929 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1932. The system of claim 1921 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for satisfaction of said contingency.

1933. The system of claim 1932 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1934. The system of claim 1921 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1935. The system of claim 1921 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1936. A financial services system associated with a financial instrument, said system comprising:

an underlying reference identifying unit that identifies an underlying reference;

an attribution unit that attributes a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

a contingency defining unit that defines multiple contingencies, a payment becoming due on occurrence of at least one of;

a. satisfaction of one of said multiple contingencies,

b. satisfaction of more than one of said multiple contingencies, and

c. satisfaction of all of said multiple contingencies.

1937. The system of claim 1936 further comprising:

a pricing value unit that establishes a value for said financial instrument.

1938. The system of claim 1937 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1939. The system of claim 1938 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

1940. The system of claim 1938 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1941. The system of claim 1938 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1942. The system of claim 1937 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

1943. The system of claim 1942 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1944. The system of claim 1942 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1945. The system of claim 1937 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1946. The system of claim 1937 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1947. The system of claim 1936 further comprising:

a selling unit that sells said financial instrument.

1948. The system of claim 1947 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

1949. The system of claim 1947 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1950. The system of claim 1947 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1951. The system of claim 1936 further comprising:

a contingent payment monitoring unit that monitors for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

1952. The system of claim 1951 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1953. The system of claim 1951 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1954. The system of claim 1936 further comprising:

a payment unit that disburses said payment.

1955. The system of claim 1936 further comprising:

a contingent payment calculating unit that calculates said payment.

1956. The system of claim 1936 further comprising:

a projected payment scheduler that prepares a schedule of said payment.

1958. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, said method further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

1959. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1958, said method further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

1960. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1959, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1961. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1959, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

1962. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1959, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1963. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1959, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

1964. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1959, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1965. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1959, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

1966. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1959, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

1967. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1958, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1968. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1967, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

1969. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1967, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

1970. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1958, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

1971. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1958, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

1972. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1958, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1973. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, said method further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

1974. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1973, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

1975. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1973, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

1976. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1973, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

1977. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1973, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

1978. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1973, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1979. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1973, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

1980. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1973, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

1981. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

1982. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1981, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one said contingency monitoring period.

1983. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1981, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

1984. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1981, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

1985. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1981, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

1986. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1981, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

1987. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

1988. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1987, wherein said basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

1989. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1990. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

1991. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

1992. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1991, wherein said basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

1993. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, wherein said defining a contingency comprises establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies each with at least one trigger.

1994. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1993, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

1995. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1994, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

1996. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1994, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

1997. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1994, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

1998. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1993, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

1999. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1998, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2000. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1998, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2001. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1998, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2002. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2003. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2002, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2004. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2005. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2004, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

2006. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2005, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

2007. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2005, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

2008. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2004, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2009. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2008, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2010. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2008, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2011. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2004, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2012. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2013. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2012, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2014. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2012, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2015. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2014, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2016. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2012, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2017. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2016, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2018. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2019. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2020. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2021. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2022. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 1936, wherein said predetermined period of delay comprises a period of delay greater than a contingency monitoring period.

1957. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency after a predetermined period of delay.

2023. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency after a predetermined period of delay.

2024. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2025. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2026. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2027. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2028. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2029. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2030. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2031. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2032. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2033. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2034. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2023, wherein said predetermined period of delay comprises a period of delay greater than a contingency monitoring period.

2035. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when said trigger drops below a predetermined value.

2036. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, said method further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2037. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2036, said method further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2038. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2037, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2039. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2037, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2040. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2037, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2041. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2037, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2042. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2037, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2043. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2037, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2044. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2037, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2045. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2036, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2046. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2045, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2047. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2045, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2048. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2036, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2049. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2036, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2050. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2036, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2051. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2052. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2051, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2053. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2051, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2054. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2051, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2055. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2051, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2056. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2051 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2057. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2051, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2058. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2051, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2059. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2060. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2059, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

2061. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2059, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

2062. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2059, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2063. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2059, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2064. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2059, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2065. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, wherein said defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises basing said trigger on an event related to said financial instrument.

2066. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, wherein said defining a contingency having at least on trigger comprises basing said trigger on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2067. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, wherein said defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

2068. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2067, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2069. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2067, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2070. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2067, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2071. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, wherein said defining a contingency having at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

2072. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2071, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2073. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2071, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2074. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2071, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2075. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

2076. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2077. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2076, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2078. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2079. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2078, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

2080. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2079, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

2081. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2079, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

2082. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2078, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2083. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2082, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2084. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2082, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2085. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2078, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2086. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2078, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

2087. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2088. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2087, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2089. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2087, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2090. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2089, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2091. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2087, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2092. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2091, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2093. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2094. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2095. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2096. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2035, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2097. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when said trigger drops below a predetermined value.

2098. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2097, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2099. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2097, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2100. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2097, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2101. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2097, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2102. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2097, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2103. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2097, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2104. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2097, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2105. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2097, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2106. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2097, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2107. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2097, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2108. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when any one of said triggers drops below a predetermined value.

2109. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, said method further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2110. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2109, said method further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2111. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2110, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2112. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2110, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2113. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2110, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2114. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2110, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2115. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2110, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2116. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2110, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2117. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2110, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2118. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2109, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2119. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2118, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2120. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2118, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2121. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2109, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2122. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2109, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2123. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2109, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2124. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2125. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2124, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2126. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2124, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2127. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2124, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2128. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2124, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2129. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2124 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2130. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2124, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2131. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2124, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2132. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2133. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2132, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

2134. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2132, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

2135. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2132, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2136. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2132, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2137. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2132, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2138. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

2139. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

2140. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

2141. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2140, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2142. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2140, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2143. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2140, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2144. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

2145. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2144, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2146. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2144, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2147. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2144, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2148. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

2149. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2150. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2149, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2151. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2152. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2151, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

2153. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2152, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

2154. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2152, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

2155. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2151, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2156. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2155, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2157. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2155, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2158. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2151, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2159. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2151, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

2160. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2161. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2160, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2162. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2160, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2163. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2162, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2164. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2160, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2165. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2164, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2166. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2167. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2168. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2169. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2108, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2170. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when any one of said triggers drops below a predetermined value.

2171. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2170, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2172. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2170, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2173. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2170, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2174. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2170, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2175. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2170, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2176. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2170, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2177. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2170, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2178. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2170, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2179. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2170, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2180. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2170, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2181. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values.

2182. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, said method further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2183. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2182, said method further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2184. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2183, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2185. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2183, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2186. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2183, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2187. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2183, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2188. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2183, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2189. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2183, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2190. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2183, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2191. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2182, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2192. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2191, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2193. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2191, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2194. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2182, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2195. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2182, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2196. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2182, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2197. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2198. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2197, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2199. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2197, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2200. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2197, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2201. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2197, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2202. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2197 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2203. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2197, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2204. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2197, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2205. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2206. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2205, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

2207. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2205, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

2208. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2205, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2209. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2205, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2210. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2205, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2211. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

2212. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

2213. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

2214. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2213, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2215. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2213, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2216. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2213, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2217. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, wherein said defining a contingency having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

2218. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2217, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2219. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2217, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2220. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2217, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2221. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, wherein said predetermined values comprise predetermined percentages of the conversion value.

2222. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2223. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2222, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2224. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2225. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2224, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

2226. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2225, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

2227. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2225, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

2228. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2224, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2229. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2228, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2230. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2228, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2231. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2224, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2232. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2224, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

2233. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2234. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2233, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2235. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2233, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2236. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2235, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2237. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2233, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2238. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2237, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2239. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2240. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2241. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2242. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2181, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2243. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values.

2244. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2243, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2245. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2243, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2246. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2243, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2247. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2243, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2248. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2243, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2249. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2243, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2250. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2243, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2251. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2243, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2252. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2243, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2253. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2243, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2254. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when any said trigger of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

2255. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, said method further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2256. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2255, said method further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2257. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2256, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2258. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2256, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2259. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2256, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2260. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2256, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2261. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2256, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2262. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2256, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2263. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2256, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2264. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2255, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2265. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2264, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2266. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2264, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2267. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2255, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2268. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2255, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2269. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2255, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2270. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2271. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2270, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2272. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2270, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2273. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2270, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2274. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2270, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2275. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2270 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2276. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2270, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2277. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2270, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2278. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2279. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2278, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

2280. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2278, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

2281. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2278, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2282. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2278, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2283. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2278, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2284. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises basing said trigger on an event related to said financial instrument.

2285. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises basing said trigger on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2286. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

2287. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2286, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2288. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2286, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2289. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2286, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2290. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

2291. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2290, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2292. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2290, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2293. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2290, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2294. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

2295. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2296. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2295, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2297. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2298. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2297, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

2299. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2298, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

2300. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2298, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

2301. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2297, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2302. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2301, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2303. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2301, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2304. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2297, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2305. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2297, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

2306. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2307. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2306, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2308. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2306, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2309. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2308, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2310. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2306, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2311. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2310, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2312. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2313. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2314. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2315. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2254, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2316. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when any said trigger of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

2317. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2316, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2318. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2316, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2319. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2316, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2320. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2316, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2321. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2316, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

2322. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2316, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

2323. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2316, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2324. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2316, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2325. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2316, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2326. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2316, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2327. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when one of said multiple triggers of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

2328. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, said method further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2329. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2328, said method further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2330. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2329, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2331. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2329, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2332. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2329, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2333. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2329, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2334. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2329, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2335. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2329, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2336. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2329, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2337. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2328, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2338. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2337, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2339. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2337, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2340. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2328, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2341. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2328, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2342. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2328, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2343. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2344. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2343, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined value;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2345. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2343, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2346. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2343, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2347. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2343, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2348. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2343 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2349. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2343, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2350. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2343, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2351. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2352. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2351, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

2353. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2351, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

2354. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2351, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2355. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2351, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2356. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2351, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2357. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

2358. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

2359. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

2360. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2359, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2361. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2359, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2362. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2359, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2363. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, wherein said defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

2364. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2363, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2365. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2363, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2366. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2363, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2367. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, wherein said predetermined value comprises a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

2368. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2369. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2368, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2370. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2371. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2370, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

2372. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2371, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

2373. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2371, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

2374. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2370, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2375. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2374, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2376. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2374, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2377. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2370, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2378. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2370, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

2379. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2380. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2379, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2381. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2379, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2382. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2381, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2383. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2379, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2384. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2383, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2385. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2386. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2387. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2388. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2327, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2389. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when one of said multiple triggers of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

2390. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2389, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2391. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2389, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2392. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2389, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2393. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2389, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2394. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2389, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

2395. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2389, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

2396. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2389, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2397. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2389, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2398. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2389, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2399. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2389, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2400. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when at least two of said multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values, at least one of said at least two triggers being a trigger of a different contingency from any other of said at least two triggers.

2401. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, said method further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2402. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2401, said method further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2403. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2402, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2404. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2402, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2405. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2402, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2406. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2402, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2407. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2402, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2408. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2402, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2409. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2402, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2410. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2401, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2411. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2410, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2412. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2410, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2413. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2401, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2414. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2401, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2415. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2401, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2416. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2417. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2416, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. said predetermined values;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2418. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2416, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2419. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2416, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2420. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2416, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2421. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2416 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2422. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2416, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2423. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2416, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2424. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2425. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2424, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to said trigger of said contingency.

2426. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2424, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many said contingency monitoring periods.

2427. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2424, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2428. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2424, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2429. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2424, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2430. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, wherein said defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on events related to said financial instrument.

2431. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, wherein said defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers comprises basing said triggers on instruments other than said financial instrument.

2432. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, wherein said defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of prevailing market rates for financial instruments.

2433. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2432, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2434. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2432, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2435. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2432, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2436. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, wherein said defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers comprises setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple of formulae amounts.

2437. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2436, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2438. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2436, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2439. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2436, wherein said setting said triggers at amounts equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2440. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, wherein said predetermined values comprise predetermined percentages of the conversion value.

2441. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2442. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2441, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2443. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2444. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2443, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

2445. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2444, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

2446. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2444, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

2447. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2443, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2448. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2447, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2449. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2447, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2450. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2443, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2451. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2443, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

2452. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2453. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2452, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2454. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2452, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2455. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2454, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2456. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2452, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2457. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2456, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2458. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2459. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2460. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2461. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2400, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2462. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when at least two of said multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values, at least one of said at least two triggers being a trigger of a different contingency from any other of said at least two triggers.

2463. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2462, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2464. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2462, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2465. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2462, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2466. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2462, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2467. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2462, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

2468. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2462, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said multiple contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

2469. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2462, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2470. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2462, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2471. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2462, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2472. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2462, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2473. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, said contingency having a trigger based upon at least one of;

a. trading value of said financial instrument,

b. trading yield of said financial instrument,

c. dividend yield of said underlying reference,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

k. trading yield of a security,

l. an index;

wherein;

a payment becomes due on occurrence of said contingency.

2474. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2475. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2474 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2476. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2475, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2477. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2475, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2478. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2475, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2479. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2475, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2480. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2475 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2481. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2475, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2482. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2475, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2483. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2474, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2484. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2483, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2485. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2483, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2486. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2474, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2487. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2474, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2488. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2474, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2489. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2490. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2489, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2491. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2489, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2492. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2489, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2493. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2489, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2494. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2489 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2495. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2489, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2496. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2489, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2497. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2498. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2497, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one contingency monitoring period.

2499. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2497, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many contingency monitoring periods.

2500. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2497, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2501. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2497, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2502. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2497, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2503. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473, wherein said defining a contingency comprises establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies having at least one trigger.

2504. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2503, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

2505. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2504, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2506. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2504, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2507. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2504, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2508. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2509. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2508, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2510. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2511. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2510, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

2512. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2511, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

2513. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2511, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

2514. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2510, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2515. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2514, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2516. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2514, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2517. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2510, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2518. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2510, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

2519. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2520. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2519, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2521. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2519, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2522. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2521, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2523. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2519, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2524. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2523, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2525. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2526. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2527. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2528. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2473, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2529. A financial instrument having an issuer and derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, said contingency having a trigger based upon at least one of;

a. trading value of said financial instrument,

b. trading yield of said financial instrument,

c. dividend yield of said underlying reference,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

k. trading yield of a security,

l. an index;

wherein;

a payment becomes due on occurrence of said contingency.

2530. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2529, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2531. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2529, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2532. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2529, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2533. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2529, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2534. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2529, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2535. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2529, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2536. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2529, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2537. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2529, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2538. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment based upon at least one of;

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

l. an index.

2539. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2540. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2539 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2541. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2540, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2542. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2540, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2543. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2540, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2544. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2540, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2545. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2540 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2546. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2540, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2547. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2539, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2548. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2547, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2549. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2539, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2550. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2539, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2551. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2552. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2551, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2553. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2551, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2554. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2551, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2555. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2551, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2556. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2551 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2557. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2551, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2558. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2559. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2558, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one contingency monitoring period.

2560. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2558, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many contingency monitoring periods.

2561. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2558, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2562. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2558, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2563. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2564. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2563, wherein said basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

2565. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

2566. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

2567. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2568. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2567, wherein said basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

2569. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said defining a contingency comprises establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies having at least one trigger.

2570. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2569, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

2571. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2570, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2572. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2570, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2573. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2570, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2574. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2569, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

2575. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2574, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2576. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2574, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2577. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2574, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2578. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2579. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2578, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2580. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2581. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2580, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2582. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2580, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2583. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

2584. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2585. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2584, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2586. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2584, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2587. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2586, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2588. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2584, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2589. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2588, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2590. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2591. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2592. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2593. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2538, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2594. A financial instrument having an issuer and derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment based upon at least one of;

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

l. an index.

2595. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2594, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2596. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2594, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2597. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2594, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2598. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2594, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2599. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2594, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2600. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2594, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2601. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2594, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2602. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2594, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2603. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2594, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2604. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2594, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2605. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value.

2606. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2607. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2606 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2608. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2607, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2609. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2607, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2610. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2607, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2611. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2607, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2612. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2607 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2613. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2607, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2614. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2606, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2615. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2614, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2616. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2606, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2617. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2606, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2618. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2619. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2618, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2620. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2618, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2621. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2618, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2622. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2618, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2623. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2618 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2624. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2618, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2625. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2626. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2625, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one contingency monitoring period.

2627. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2625, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many contingency monitoring periods.

2628. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2625, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2629. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2625, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2630. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2631. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2630, wherein said basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

2632. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

2633. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

2634. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2635. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2634, wherein said basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

2636. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said defining a contingency comprises establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies having at least one trigger.

2637. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2636, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

2638. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2637, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2639. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2637, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2640. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2637, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2641. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2636, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

2642. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2641, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2643. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2641, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2644. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2641, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2645. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2646. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2645, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2647. The method of claim 2605, wherein said calculating said payments so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises basing said maximum value on at least one of:

a. a predetermined fixed value,

b. a predetermined maximum yield.

2648. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2649. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2648, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2650. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2648, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2651. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2652. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

2653. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value comprises calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

2654. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2655. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2654, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2656. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2654, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2657. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2656, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2658. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2654, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2659. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2658, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2660. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2661. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2662. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2663. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2605, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2664. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value.

2665. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2664, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2666. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2664, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2667. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2664, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2668. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2664, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2669. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2664, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2670. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2664, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2671. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2664, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2672. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2664, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2673. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2664, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2674. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2664, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2675. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

2676. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2677. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2676 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2678. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2677, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2679. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2677, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2680. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2677, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2681. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2677, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2682. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2677 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2683. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2677, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2684. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2676, said method further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2685. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2684, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2686. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2676, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2687. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2676, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2688. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675 further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2689. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2688, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2690. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2688, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2691. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2688, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2692. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2688, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2693. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2688 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2694. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2688, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2695. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675 further comprising:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2696. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2695, wherein said monitoring for satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said contingency within at least one contingency monitoring period.

2697. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2695, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many contingency monitoring periods.

2698. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2695, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2699. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2695, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2700. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2701. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2700, wherein said basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said financial instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

2702. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is greater than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

2703. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said defining a contingency comprises setting said contingency as satisfied when the closing sale value of said underlying reference within at least one said contingency monitoring period is less than a predetermined percentage of the conversion value.

2704. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2705. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2704, wherein said basing said contingency on said instrument other than said financial instrument comprises setting said contingency as satisfied once an observed value of said instrument at least:

a. exceeds a predetermined metric, or

b. is equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. is less than a predetermined metric.

2706. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said defining a contingency comprises establishing at least one of:

a. a contingency having at least one trigger, and

b. multiple contingencies having at least one trigger.

2707. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2706, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

2708. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2707, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2709. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2707, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2710. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2707, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2711. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2706, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

2712. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2711, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2713. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2711, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2714. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2711, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2715. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2716. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2715, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2717. The method of claim 2675, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises basing said minimum value on at least one of:

a. a predetermined fixed value,

b. a predetermined minimum yield

2718. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2719. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2718, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per said contingency monitoring period.

2720. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2718, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2721. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2722. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises calculating a payment only after a predetermined period of delay.

2723. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value comprises calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value.

2724. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2725. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2724, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2726. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2724, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2727. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2726, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2728. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2724, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2729. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2728, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2730. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2731. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2732. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2733. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2675, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2734. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

2735. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2734, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2736. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2734, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2737. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2734, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2738. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2734, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2739. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2734, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2740. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2734, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2741. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2734, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2742. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2734, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2743. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2734, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2744. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2734, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2745. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies, a payment becoming due on occurrence of at least one of;

a. satisfaction of one of said multiple contingencies,

b. satisfaction of more than one of said multiple contingencies, and

c. satisfaction of all of said multiple contingencies.

2746. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, said method further comprising:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2747. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2746, said method further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2748. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2747, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said multiple contingencies;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2749. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2747, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2750. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2747, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2751. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2747, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2752. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2747, said method further comprising:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

2753. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2747, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2754. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2747, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2755. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2746, said method further comprising:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

2756. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2755, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2757. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2755, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2758. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2746, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2759. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2746, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2760. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2746, wherein said establishing a value for said financial instrument comprises basing said value for said financial instrument on at least one of:

a. said multiple contingencies;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.,

2761. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, said method further comprising:

selling said financial instrument.

2762. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2761, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said multiple contingencies;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

e. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

f. time until maturity;

g. an interest rate; and

h. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2763. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2761, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises auctioning said financial instrument.

2764. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2761, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a derivative of said financial instrument.

2765. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2761, wherein said selling said financial instrument comprises selling a part of said financial instrument.

2766. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2761, said method further comprising:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

2767. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2761, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2768. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2761, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2769. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, said method further comprising:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

2770. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2769, wherein said monitoring for said satisfaction comprises comparing market data to requirements of said multiple contingencies within at least one contingency monitoring period.

2771. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2769, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring over many contingency monitoring periods.

2772. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2769, wherein said monitoring comprises monitoring realtime data.

2773. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2769, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2774. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2769, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2775. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said contingencies on events related to said financial instrument.

2776. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, wherein said defining multiple contingencies comprises basing said contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument.

2777. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2776, wherein said basing said contingencies on instruments other than said financial instrument comprises setting said contingencies as satisfied once observed values of said instruments at least:

a. exceed a predetermined metric, or

b. are equal to a predetermined metric, or

c. are less than a predetermined metric.

2778. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, wherein said defining said contingencies comprises establishing multiple contingencies each with at least one trigger.

2779. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2778, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a prevailing market rate for a financial instrument.

2780. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2779, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2781. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2779, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2782. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2779, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2783. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2778, wherein said establishing at least one trigger comprises setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple of a formula amount.

2784. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2783, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple equal to 1.

2785. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2783, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple less than 1.

2786. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2783, wherein said setting said trigger at an amount equal to a multiple comprises using a multiple greater than 1.

2787. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, said method further comprising:

disbursing said payment.

2788. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2787, wherein said disbursing said payment comprises sending a negotiable instrument.

2789. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, said method further comprising:

calculating said payment.

2790. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2789, wherein said calculating said payment comprises establishing a formula for calculating said payment based on said value of said underlying reference.

2791. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2790, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a fixed rate formula.

2792. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2790, wherein said establishing a formula comprises using a variable rate formula.

2793. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2789, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment using a periodic schedule.

2794. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2793, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment at least once per contingency monitoring period.

2795. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2793, wherein said calculating said payment using a periodic schedule comprises calculating said payment on a quarterly basis.

2796. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2789, wherein said calculating said payment comprises calculating said payment based upon at least one of:

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security, and

l. an index.

2797. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, further comprising preparing at least one of:

a. a projected payment schedule;

b. an incidental analysis; and

c. a remoteness analysis.

2798. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2797, wherein said preparing said projected payment schedule comprises determining a schedule of said payments based on payments necessary to produce a comparable yield.

2799. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2797, wherein said preparing said incidental analysis comprises determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2800. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2799, wherein said determining the amount of said payment based on assumptions regarding the contingency being satisfied comprises determining the amount of said payment based on at least one of:

a. a stock price growth rate, and

b. discount rates.

2801. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2797, wherein said preparing said remoteness analysis comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied.

2802. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2801, wherein said determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given assumptions regarding said contingency being satisfied comprises determining the likelihood that said payment will be made given a stock price growth rate and a volatility.

2803. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2804. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2805. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2806. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2745, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2807. A financial instrument derived in accordance with a method, said method comprising buying said financial instrument created by:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies, a payment becoming due on occurrence of at least one of;

a. satisfaction of one of said multiple contingencies,

b. satisfaction of more than one of said multiple contingencies, and

c. satisfaction of all of said multiple contingencies.

2808. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2807, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying said financial instrument at a value based on at least one of:

a. said contingency;

b. said value of said underlying reference;

c. value of said payment;

d. length of said predetermined period of delay;

e. volatility in trading value of said underlying reference;

f. time until redemption, at option of issuer or holder;

g. time until maturity;

h. an interest rate; and

i. value for which said financial instrument must be redeemed on redemption date.

2809. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2807, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises bidding for said financial instrument.

2810. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2807, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a derivative of said financial instrument.

2811. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2807, wherein said buying said financial instrument comprises buying a part of said financial instrument.

2812. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2807, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an event related to said financial instrument.

2813. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2807, wherein said defining a contingency comprises basing said contingency on an instrument other than said financial instrument.

2814. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2807, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a variable number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2815. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2807, wherein said attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument comprises attributing a constant number of said underlying references to each unit of said financial instrument.

2816. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2807, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises identifying said underlying reference that said financial instrument converts into.

2817. The financial instrument derived in accordance with said method of claim 2807, wherein said identifying an underlying reference comprises basing an exchange value of said financial instrument on said underlying reference.

2818. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency after a predetermined period of delay.

2819. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2818, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2820. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2819, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2821. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2820, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2822. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2820, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2823. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2820, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2824. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2819, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2825. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2824, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2826. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2824, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2827. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2819, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2828. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2819, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2829. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2818, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2830. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2829, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2831. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2829, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2832. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2829, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2833. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2818, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2834. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2833, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2835. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2833, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2836. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2818, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2837. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2818, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2838. The machine-readable data storage medium of any of one claims 2818, 2819, 2820, 2821, 2822, 2823, 2824, 2825, 2826, 2827, 2828, 2829, 2830, 2831,2832, 2833, 2834, 2835, 2836 and 2837, said data storage medium being magnetic.

2839. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2838, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

2840. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2838, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

2841. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2818,2819, 2820, 2821, 2822, 2823, 2824, 2825, 2826, 2827, 2828, 2829, 2830, 2831, 2832, 2833, 2834, 2835, 2836 and 2837,said data storage medium being optically readable.

2842. The optically readable storage medium of claim 2841, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

2843. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 2841, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

2844. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when said trigger drops below a predetermined value.

2845. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2844, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2846. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2845, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2847. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2846, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2848. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2846, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2849. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2846, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2850. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2845, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2851. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2850, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2852. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2850, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2853. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2845, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2854. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2845, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2855. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2844, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2856. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2855, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2857. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2855, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2858. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2855, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2859. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2844, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2860. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2859, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2861. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2859, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2862. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2844, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2863. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2844, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2864. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2844, 2845, 2846, 2847, 2848, 2849, 2850, 2851, 2852, 2853, 2854, 2855, 2856, 2857, 2858, 2859, 2860, 2861, 2862 and 2863, said data storage medium being magnetic.

2865. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2864, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

2866. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2864, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

2867. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2844, 2845, 2846, 2847, 2848, 2849, 2850, 2851, 2852, 2853, 2854, 2855, 2856, 2857, 2858, 2859, 2860, 2861, 2862 and 2863, said data storage medium being optically readable.

2868. The optically readable storage medium of claim 2867, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

2869. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 2867, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

2870. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when any one of said triggers drops below a predetermined value.

2871. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2870, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2872. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2871, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2873. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2872, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2874. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2872, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2875. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2872, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2876. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2871, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2877. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2876, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2878. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2876, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2879. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2871, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2880. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2871, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2881. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2870, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2882. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2881, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2883. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2881, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2884. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2881, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2885. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2870, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2886. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2885, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2887. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2885, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2888. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2870, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2889. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2870, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2890. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2870, 2871, 2872, 2873, 2874, 2875, 2876, 2877, 2878, 2879, 2880, 2881, 2882, 2883, 2884, 2885, 2886, 2887, 2888 and 2889, said data storage medium being magnetic.

2891. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2890, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

2892. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2890, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

2893. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2870, 2871, 2872, 2873, 2874, 2875, 2876, 2877, 2878, 2879, 2880, 2881, 2882, 2883, 2884, 2885, 2886, 2887, 2888 and 2889, said data storage medium being optically readable.

2894. The optically readable storage medium of claim 2893, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

2895. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 2893, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

2896. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values.

2897. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2896, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2898. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2897, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2899. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2898, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2900. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2898, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2901. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2898, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2902. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2897, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2903. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2902, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2904. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2902, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2905. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2897, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2906. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2897, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2907. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2896, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2908. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2907, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2909. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2907, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2910. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2907, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2911. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2896, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2912. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2911, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2913. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2911, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2914. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2896, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2915. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2896, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2916. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2896, 2897, 2898, 2899, 2900, 2901, 2902, 2903, 2904, 2905, 2906, 2907, 2908, 2909, 2910, 2911, 2912, 2913, 2914 and 2915, said data storage medium being magnetic.

2917. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2916, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

2918. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2916, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

2919. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2896, 2897, 2898, 2899, 2900, 2901, 2902, 2903, 2904, 2905, 2906, 2907, 2908, 2909, 2910, 2911, 2912, 2913, 2914 and 2915, said data storage medium being optically readable.

2920. The optically readable storage medium of claim 2919, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

2921. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 2919, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

2922. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each having at least one trigger, a payment becoming due when any said trigger of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

2923. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2922, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2924. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2923, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2925. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2924, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2926. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2924, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2927. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2924, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2928. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2923, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2929. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2928, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2930. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2928, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2931. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2923, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2932. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2923, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2933. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2922, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2934. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2933, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2935. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2933, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2936. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2933, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2937. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2922, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2938. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2937, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2939. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2937, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2940. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2922, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2941. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2922, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2942. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, 2927, 2928, 2929, 2930, 2931, 2932, 2933, 2934, 2935, 2936, 2937, 2938, 2939, 2949 and 2941, said data storage medium being magnetic.

2943. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2942, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

2944. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2942, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

2945. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, 2927, 2928, 2929, 2930, 2931, 2932, 2933, 2934, 2935, 2936, 2937, 2938, 2939, 2940 and 2941, said data storage medium being optically readable.

2946. The optically readable storage medium of claim 2945, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

2947. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 2945, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

2948. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies each with multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when one of said multiple triggers of any of said contingencies drops below a predetermined value.

2949. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2948, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2950. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2949, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2951. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2950, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2952. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2950, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2953. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2950, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2954. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2949, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2955. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2954, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2956. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2954, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2957. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2949, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2958. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2949, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2959. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2948, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2960. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2959, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2961. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2959, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2962. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2959, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2963. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2948, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2964. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2963, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2965. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2963, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2966. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2948, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2967. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2948, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2968. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2948, 2949, 2950, 2951, 2952, 2953, 2954, 2955, 2956, 2957, 2958, 2959, 2960, 2961, 2962, 2963, 2964, 2965, 2966 and 2967, said data storage medium being magnetic.

2969. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2968, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

2970. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2968, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

2971. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2948, 2949, 2950, 2951, 2952, 2953, 2954, 2955, 2956, 2957, 2958, 2959, 2960, 2961, 2962, 2963, 2964, 2965, 2966 and 2967, said data storage medium being optically readable.

2972. The optically readable storage medium of claim 2971, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

2973. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 2971, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

2974. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies having multiple triggers, a payment becoming due when at least two of said multiple triggers drop below respective predetermined values, at least one of said at least two triggers being a trigger of a different contingency from any other of said at least two triggers.

2975. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2974, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

2976. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2975, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2977. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2976, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2978. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2976, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2979. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2976, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2980. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2975, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2981. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2980, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2982. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2980, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2983. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2975, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2984. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2975, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2985. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2974, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

2986. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2985, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2987. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2985, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2988. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2985, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2989. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2974, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

2990. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2989, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2991. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2989, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2992. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2974, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

2993. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2974, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

2994. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2974, 2975, 2976, 2977, 2978, 2979, 2980, 2981, 2982, 2983, 2984, 2985, 2986, 2987, 2988, 2989, 2990, 2991, 2992 and 2993, said data storage medium being magnetic.

2995. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2994, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

2996. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 2994, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

2997. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 2974, 2975, 2976, 2977, 2978, 2979, 2980, 2981, 2982, 2983, 2984, 2985, 2986, 2987, 2988, 2989, 2990, 2991, 2992 and 2993, said data storage medium being optically readable.

2998. The optically readable storage medium of claim 2997, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

2999. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 2997, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

3000. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, said contingency having a trigger based upon at least one of;

a. trading value of said financial instrument,

b. trading yield of said financial instrument,

c. dividend yield of said underlying reference,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

j. trading value of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

k. trading yield of a security,

l. an index;

wherein;

a payment becomes due on occurrence of said contingency.

3001. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3000, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

3002. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3001, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

3003. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3002, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3004. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3002, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3005. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3002, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3006. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3001, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3007. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3006, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3008. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3006, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3009. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3001, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3010. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3001, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3011. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3000, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

3012. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3011, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3013. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3011, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3014. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3011, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3015. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3000, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3016. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3015, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3017. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3015, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3018. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3000, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3019. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3000, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3020. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 3000, 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013, 3014, 3015, 3016, 3017, 3018 and 3019, said data storage medium being magnetic.

3021. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3020, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

3022. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3020, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

3023. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 3000, 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013, 3014, 3015, 3016, 3017, 3018 and 3019, said data storage medium being optically readable.

3024. The optically readable storage medium of claim 3023, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

3025. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 3023, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

3026. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment based upon at least one of;

a. predetermined fixed amount,

b. trading value of said financial instrument,

c. trading yield of said financial instrument,

d. trading yield of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

e. trading value of a liability of said issuer of said financial instrument,

f. trading value of a class of capital stock issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

g. trading dividend yield of a class of capital stock other than said underlying reference,

h. trading value of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument,

i. trading yield of a class of capital stock of said issuer of said financial instrument other than common stock,

j. trading value of a security,

k. trading yield of a security issued by an issuer other than said issuer of said financial instrument,

l. an index.

3027. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3026, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

3028. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3027, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

3029. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3028, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3030. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3028, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3031. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3027, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3032. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3031, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3033. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3027, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3034. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3026, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

3035. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3034, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3036. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3034, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3037. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3026, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3038. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3037, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3039. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3026, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3040. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 3026, 3027, 3028, 3029, 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035, 3036, 3037, 3038 and 3039, said data storage medium being magnetic.

3041. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3040, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

3042. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3040, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

3043. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 3026, 3027, 3028, 3029, 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035, 3036, 3037, 3038 and 3039, said data storage medium being optically readable.

3044. The optically readable storage medium of claim 3043, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

3045. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 3043, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

3046. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment equals at most an imposed maximum value.

3047. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3046, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

3048. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3047, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

3049. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3048, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3050. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3048, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3051. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3047, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3052. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3051, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3053. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3047, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3054. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3046, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

3055. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3054, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3056. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3054, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3057. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3046, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3058. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3057, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3059. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3046, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3060. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 3046, 3047, 3048, 3049, 3050, 3051, 3052, 3053, 3054, 3055, 3056, 3057, 3058 and 3059, said data storage medium being magnetic.

3061. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3060, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

3062. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3060, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

3063. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 3046, 3047, 3048, 3049, 3050, 3051, 3052, 3053, 3054, 3055, 3056, 3057, 3058 and 3059, said data storage medium being optically readable.

3064. The optically readable storage medium of claim 3063, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

3065. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 3063, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

3066. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining a contingency, a payment becoming due on occurrence of said contingency;

calculating said payment so that said payment exceeds an imposed minimum value.

3067. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3066, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

3068. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3067, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

3069. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3068, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3070. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3068, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3071. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3067, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3072. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3071, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3073. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3067, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3074. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3066, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

3075. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3074, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3076. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3074, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3077. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3066, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for satisfaction of said contingency.

3078. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3077, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3079. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3066, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3080. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 3066,3067, 3068, 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3076, 3077, 3078 and 3079, said data storage medium being magnetic.

3081. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3080, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

3082. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3080, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

3083. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 3066, 3067, 3068, 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3076, 3077, 3078 and 3079, said data storage medium being optically readable.

3084. The optically readable storage medium of claim 3083, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

3085. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 3083, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.

3086. A machine-readable data storage medium encoded with a set of machine-executable instructions for using a data processing system to perform a financial services method associated with a financial instrument, said method comprising:

identifying an underlying reference for said financial instrument, said underlying reference having a value;

attributing a number of said underlying references to said financial instrument;

defining multiple contingencies, a payment becoming due on occurrence of at least one of;

a) satisfaction of one of said multiple contingencies,

b) satisfaction of more than one of said multiple contingencies, and

c) satisfaction of all of said multiple contingencies.

3087. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3086, wherein said method further comprises:

establishing a value for said financial instrument.

3088. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3087, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

3089. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3088, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

3090. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3088, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3091. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3088, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3092. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3087, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

3093. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3092, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3094. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3092, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3095. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3087, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3096. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3087, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3097. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3086, wherein said method further comprises:

selling said financial instrument.

3098. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3097, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

3099. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3097, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3100. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3097, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3101. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3086, wherein said method further comprises:

monitoring for said satisfaction of said multiple contingencies.

3102. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3101, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3103. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3101, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3104. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3086, wherein said method further comprises:

disbursing said payment.

3105. The machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3086, wherein said method further comprises:

calculating said payment.

3106. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 3086, 3087, 3088, 3089, 3090, 3091, 3092, 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3097, 3098, 3099, 3100, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104 and 3105, said data storage medium being magnetic.

3107. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3106, said data storage medium being a floppy diskette.

3108. The magnetic machine-readable data storage medium of claim 3106, said data storage medium being a hard disk.

3109. The machine-readable data storage medium of any one of claims 3086, 3087, 3088, 3089, 3090, 3091, 3092, 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3097, 3098, 3099, 3100, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104 and 3105, said data storage medium being optically readable.

3110. The optically readable storage medium of claim 3109, said data storage medium being one of (a) a CD-ROM, (b) a CD-R, and (c) a CD-RW.

3111. The optically readable data storage medium of claim 3109, said data storage medium being a magneto-optical disk.