Soft start techniques for control loops that regulate DC/DC converters

• US 20040022078A1
• Filed: 02/18/2003
• Published: 02/05/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 02/19/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Semiconductor Components Industries LLC (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Inventors: Shieh, Crown-Sen
• Granted Patent: US 6,933,710 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 363/49
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/32 Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/36 Means for starting or stopping converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/155 using semiconductor devices only

Abstract

Improved soft start techniques for control loops that regulate DC/DC converter circuits are provided. An improved soft start circuit provides a varying voltage at the output of an error amplifier in the control loop during the start-up phase of the DC/DC converter. The varying voltage generated by an improved soft start circuit is related to the amplitude of the saw-tooth ramp signal that controls the switching duty cycle. The varying voltage generated by an improved soft start circuit is also related to the switching frequency of the DC/DC converter. These features allow the duty cycle of the DC/DC converter to gradually increase from zero during power-on. An effective soft start function is provided for DC/DC converters that have a variable switching frequency or a variable saw-tooth ramp signal.

Claims

1. A soft start circuit in a control loop, the control loop coupled to a DC/DC converter circuit, the soft start circuit comprising:

a counter circuit that generates a digital signal in response to a clock signal, wherein the clock signal is used to generate a ramp signal that determines a switching frequency of the DC/DC converter;

a voltage-to-current converter circuit that converts peak and valley voltages of the ramp signal into a current signal; and

a digital-to-analog converter circuit that converts the current signal into an output voltage signal that varies at a rate determined by the digital signal,

wherein the output voltage signal is applied to an error amplifier in the control loop during a soft start period.

2. The soft start circuit of claim 1 wherein the counter circuit comprises:

a plurality of flip-flops coupled together in series.

3. The soft start circuit of claim 1 wherein the voltage-to-current converter circuit comprises:

an amplifier; and

a transistor coupled to an output of the amplifier and an input of the amplifier,

wherein the current signal flows through the transistor.

4. The soft start circuit of claim 3 wherein the voltage-to-current converter circuit further comprises:

an adder circuit coupled to receive the valley voltage and a margin voltage that indicates an offset in the ramp signal.

5. The soft start circuit of claim 3 wherein the voltage-to-current converter circuit further comprises:

a resistor coupled to the transistor and the input of the amplifier.

6. The soft start circuit of claim 1 wherein the voltage-to-current converter circuit receives a margin voltage that indicates a voltage offset in the ramp signal.

7. The soft start circuit of claim 1 wherein the digital-to-analog converter circuit further comprises:

a plurality of current mirror circuits, wherein each of the current mirror circuits includes a first transistor that conducts the current signal; and

a plurality of switches, wherein each of the switches is coupled to one of the current mirror circuits, and the switches are controlled by the digital signal generated by the counter circuit.

8. The soft start circuit of claim 7 wherein:

each of the current mirror circuits includes a second transistor having a channel width that is a fraction of a channel width of the first transistor.

9. The soft start circuit of claim 7 wherein the digital-to-analog converter circuit further comprises:

a first amplifier having a first input that is coupled to the voltage-to-current converter; and

a resistor coupled between a second input and an output of the first amplifier,

wherein the switches alternately couple the current mirror circuits to the first amplifier and a supply voltage in response to the digital signal.

10. The soft start circuit of claim 9 wherein the voltage-to-current converter circuit comprises:

a second amplifier; and

a second transistor coupled to an output of the second amplifier and an input of the second amplifier,

wherein the current signal flows through the second transistor.

11. A method for controlling current through an inductor in a DC/DC converter during a soft start period using a control loop, the method comprising:

providing a digital signal that indicates a frequency of a clock signal, wherein the clock signal is used to generate a ramp signal that determines a switching frequency of the DC/DC converter;

converting a voltage indicative of an amplitude of the ramp signal into a current signal; and

generating an output voltage in response to the current signal, the output voltage varying at a rate determined by the digital signal,

wherein the output voltage is applied to an error amplifier in the control loop during the soft start period.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein providing the digital signal further comprises:

changing a binary value of the digital signal using a plurality of flip-flops each time the flip-flops detect an edge of the clock signal.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein converting the voltage indicative of the amplitude of the ramp signal into the current signal further comprises:

receiving a margin voltage that indicates an offset in the ramp signal; and

converting the amplitude voltage and the margin voltage into the current signal.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein converting the voltage indicative of the amplitude of the ramp signal into the current signal further comprises:

amplifying the amplitude voltage using an amplifier; and

generating the current signal through a transistor and a resistor coupled to the transistor.

15. The method of claim 11 wherein converting the voltage indicative of the amplitude of the ramp signal into the current signal further comprises:

receiving a first voltage that indicates a maximum value of the ramp signal;

receiving a second voltage that indicates a minimum value of the ramp signal;

receiving a third voltage that indicates an offset in the ramp signal; and

subtracting the third voltage from the second voltage.

16. The method of claim 11 wherein generating the output voltage in response to the current signal further comprises:

alternately coupling a first current mirror circuit to a supply voltage and an amplifier in response to a first bit of the digital signal that controls a first switch;

alternately coupling a second current mirror circuit to the supply voltage and the amplifier in response to a second bit of the digital signal that controls a second switch;

alternately coupling a third current mirror circuit to the supply voltage and the amplifier in response to a third bit of the digital signal that controls a third switch; and

alternately coupling a fourth current mirror circuit to the supply voltage and the amplifier in response to a fourth bit of the digital signal that controls a fourth switch,

wherein the amplifier generates the output voltage at an amplifier output terminal.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein:

the first current mirror circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor coupled together;

the second current mirror circuit comprises the first transistor and a third transistor coupled together;

the third current mirror circuit comprises the first transistor and a fourth transistor coupled together; and

the fourth current mirror circuit comprises the first transistor and a fifth transistor coupled together.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein:

the second transistor has a channel width-to-length ratio that is one half the channel width-to-length ratio of the first transistor;

the third transistor has a channel width-to-length ratio that is one quarter the channel width-to-length ratio of the first transistor;

the fourth transistor has a channel width-to-length ratio that is one eighth the channel width-to-length ratio of the first transistor; and

the fifth transistor has a channel width-to-length ratio that is one sixteenth the channel width-to-length ratio of the first transistor.

19. The method of claim 16 wherein generating the output voltage in response to the current signal further comprises:

coupling a resistor between the amplifier output terminal and an input of the amplifier.

20. The method of claim 16 wherein generating the output voltage in response to the current signal further comprises:

alternately coupling a fifth current mirror circuit to the supply voltage and the amplifier in response to a fifth bit of the digital signal that controls a fifth switch;

alternately coupling a sixth current mirror circuit to the supply voltage and the amplifier in response to a sixth bit of the digital signal that controls a sixth switch;

alternately coupling a seventh current mirror circuit to the supply voltage and the amplifier in response to a seventh bit of the digital signal that controls a seventh switch; and

alternately coupling an eighth current mirror circuit to the supply voltage and the amplifier in response to an eighth bit of the digital signal that controls an eighth switch.