Hydrogen storage, distribution, and recovery system

• US 20040023087A1
• Filed: 12/04/2002
• Published: 02/05/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Limnia
• Original Assignee: Fuelsell Technologies Incorporated
• Inventors: Redmond, Scott D.
• Granted Patent: US 7,169,489 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/19
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 7/00 Apparatus for generating gases production of inert gas mixtures B01J19/14; for generating specific gases, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. C01B, C10J ; in "air bags" on vehicles B60R21/26; for starter gas F02C7/26; blasting cartridges for producing gas under pressure F42B3/04
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/0005 Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes purification of hydrogen C01B3/508; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/0021 Carbon, e.g. active carbon, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes; Treatment thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/0026 of one single metal or a rare earth metal; Treatment thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/0031 Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/0084 Solid storage mediums characterised by their shape, e.g. pellets, sintered shaped bodies, sheets, porous compacts, spongy metals, hollow particles, solids with cavities, layered solids
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 11/005 for hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: F17D 3/00 Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04201 Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04208 Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04216 characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/065 by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/32 Hydrogen storage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/34 Hydrogen distribution
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 90/45 Hydrogen technologies in production processes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/2569 Control by depletion of source
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/6881 Automotive

Abstract

Cassette based systems and methods of hydrogen storage, distribution, and recovery are disclosed. A cassette or other container may contain a hydrogen storage or storing material. Information may be stored in the material and subsequently read or accessed. A probe may be used to interrogate the material. The hydrogen content or other characteristics of the material may be determined based on the interrogation. A hydrogen dispensing unit may contain a depleted cassette acceptor to accept depleted cassettes and a charged cassette dispenser to dispense charged cassettes. The dispensing unit may be implemented in a hydrogen retail store or as a standalone unit. The retail store or the unit may connect to a hydrogen network and implement various business methods, as disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method comprising storing information in a material contained within a hydrogen fuel container.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein storing comprises storing the information in a metal hydride.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein storing comprises forming a magnetic pattern in the material by applying a magnetic field to the material.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein storing comprises storing information selected from the group consisting of hydrogen fuel container identification information, hydrogen quantity information, quality control information, and manufacturing batch information.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein storing comprises storing information in a metal hydride contained within a hydrogen fuel cassette by applying a magnetic field to form a magnetic pattern that represents information selected from the group consisting of a unique hydrogen fuel cassette identification and a quantity of hydrogen within a cassette.

6. A system comprising:

a container;

a material containing a metal capable of combining with hydrogen to form a metal hydride within the container; and

information associated with the system stored within the material.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the material comprises a metal hydride.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein the information comprises information selected from the group consisting of container identification information, hydrogen quantity information, quality control information, and manufacturing batch information.

9. The system of claim 6, wherein the container comprises a hydrogen fuel cassette.

10. The system of claim 6, wherein the information is stored within a magnetic pattern formed within the material.

11. The system of claim 6:

wherein the container comprises a hydrogen fuel cassette;

wherein the material comprises a metal hydride;

wherein the information is stored within a magnetic pattern formed within the metal hydride; and

wherein the information comprises information selected from the group consisting of a unique hydrogen fuel cassette identification and a quantity of hydrogen within the cassette.

12. A system comprising:

a hydrogen fuel container;

a material within the container; and

a probe to interrogate the material.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the probe to interrogate the material comprises one or more portions in contact with the material to apply a signal to the material and detect a response to the applied signal.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the signal comprises a signal selected from the group consisting of an electrical signal, a magnetic signal, an electromagnetic signal, sound, and ultrasound.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein the probe is contained within the container.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the container comprises a cassette.

17. The system of claim 12, and wherein the probe is attached to a hydrogen recovery system that contains the hydrogen fuel container.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the hydrogen recovery system is attached to a hydrogen powered vehicle.

19. A method comprising interrogating a material within a hydrogen fuel container by applying a signal to the material and detecting a corresponding response.

20. The method of claim 19:

wherein the material comprises a hydrogen storing material; and

wherein the signal is selected from the group consisting of an electrical signal, a magnetic signal, an electromagnetic signal, a sound, and an ultrasound.

21. The method of claim 19:

wherein material comprises a metal hydride; and

wherein the signal comprises an electrical signal.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the material comprises a hydrogen storing material;

and further comprising determining a hydrogen content of the hydrogen storing material based on the interrogation.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising reporting the hydrogen content of the hydrogen storing material to a hydrogen powered vehicle.

24. A hydrogen dispensing unit comprising:

a payment system to enter payment information;

a user interface to qualify a hydrogen fuel purchase; and

a cassette exchange system to exchange one or more cassettes with a user, the cassette exchanging system including a depleted cassette acceptor to accept a depleted hydrogen fuel cassette and a charged cassette dispenser to dispense a charged hydrogen fuel cassette.

25. The hydrogen dispensing unit of claim 24, implemented within a hydrogen retail station comprising a building.

26. The hydrogen dispensing unit of claim 25:

wherein the hydrogen retail station comprises a hydrogen storage system to store a hydrogen gas; and

wherein the hydrogen dispensing unit is coupled with the hydrogen storage system by above ground hydrogen conveyance piping routed via an overhead roof of the retail station and down from the roof to the hydrogen dispensing unit.

27. The hydrogen dispensing unit of claim 24, implemented at a location selected from the group consisting of a median strip, a sidewalk at the side of a street, an interior of a store, and an entrance to a store.

28. The hydrogen dispensing unit of claim 24, wherein the hydrogen dispensing unit comprises a mechanized cassette ejection system to dispense a charged cassette.

29. The hydrogen dispensing unit of claim 24, wherein the hydrogen dispensing unit comprises a diagnostic testing system to diagnostically test a cassette added to the cassette acceptor.

30. The hydrogen dispensing unit of claim 24:

wherein the cassette acceptor contains a plurality of structurally defined positions for accepting depleted cassettes; and

wherein the cassette dispenser that contains a plurality of structurally defined positions for dispensing charged cassettes.

31. The hydrogen dispensing unit of claim 30, wherein a structurally defined position comprises a sensor to sense a cassette that is configured within the position.

32. The hydrogen dispensing unit of claim 24, wherein the hydrogen dispensing unit comprises a device to read information stored in an information storage system of a cassette added to the cassette acceptor.

33. The hydrogen dispensing unit of claim 24, wherein a charged cassette to be dispensed by the unit comprises marketing information for a product other than a hydrogen fuel cassette.

34. The hydrogen dispensing unit of claim 33, wherein the marketing information comprises marketing information for a restaurant, a food, a beverage, a vehicle part, a tire, and a movie.