Methods and systems for analyzing complex biological systems
First Claim
1. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
- a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing data comprising metabolite data in said computer tracking system, wherein said data comprising metabolite data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked data to a numeric format;
d) means for converting said numeric format data to a common unit system, wherein said common unit system data are a coherent data set; and
e) means for determining the most informative of said common unit system data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
3 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
The present invention provides methods and systems for organizing complex and disparate data. More specifically, the present invention provides methods and systems for organizing complex and disparate data into coherent data sets. Coherent data sets resulting from the methods and systems of the present invention serve as models for biological systems. Methods and systems for integrating data and creating coherent data sets are useful for numerous biological applications, such as, for example, determining gene function, identifying and validating drug and pesticide targets, identifying and validating drug and pesticide candidate compounds, profiling drug and pesticide compounds, producing a compilation of health or wellness profiles, determining compound site(s) of action, identifying unknown samples, and numerous other applications in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, forensic, and biotechnology industries.
-
Citations
295 Claims
-
1. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing data comprising metabolite data in said computer tracking system, wherein said data comprising metabolite data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked data to a numeric format;
d) means for converting said numeric format data to a common unit system, wherein said common unit system data are a coherent data set; and
e) means for determining the most informative of said common unit system data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
-
-
18. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing data comprising metabolite data in said computer tracking system, wherein said data comprising metabolite data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked data to a numeric format;
d) means for transforming said numeric format data into a Gaussian distribution;
e) means for converting said Gaussian distribution data to a common unit system;
f) means for reducing the dimensionality of said common unit system data, wherein said dimensionally reduced data are a coherent data set; and
g) means for determining the most informative of said dimensionally reduced data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35)
-
- 19. The system according to claim 19, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 26. The system according to claim 26, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
36. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing data comprising metabolite data in said computer tracking system, wherein said data comprising metabolite data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked data to a numeric format;
d) means for transforming said numeric format data into a Gaussian distribution;
e) means for converting said Gaussian distribution data to a common unit system, wherein said common unit system data are a coherent data set; and
f) means for determining the most informative of said common unit system data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 37. The system according to claim 37, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 38. The system according to claim 38, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 45. The system according to claim 45, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
54. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing data comprising metabolite data in said computer tracking system, wherein said data comprising metabolite data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked data to a numeric format;
d) means for converting said numeric format data to a common unit system;
e) means for reducing the dimensionality of said common unit system data, wherein said dimensionally reduced data are a coherent data set; and
f) means for determining the most informative of said dimensionally reduced data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 55. The system according to claim 55, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 56. The system according to claim 56, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 63. The system according to claim 63, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
72. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing in said computer tracking system disparate data, wherein said disparate data comprise metabolite data and other data, and said disparate data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked disparate data to a numeric format;
d) means for converting said numeric format data to a common unit system, wherein said common unit system data are a coherent data set; and
e) means for determining the most informative of said common unit system data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 73. The system according to claim 73, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 74. The system according to claim 74, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 82. The system according to claim 82, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
90. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing in said computer tracking system disparate data, wherein said disparate data comprise metabolite data and other data, and said disparate data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked disparate data to a numeric format;
d) means for transforming said numeric format data into a Gaussian distribution;
e) means for converting said Gaussian distribution data to a common unit system;
f) means for reducing the dimensionality of said common unit system data, wherein said dimensionally reduced data are a coherent data set; and
g) means for determining the most informative of said dimensionally reduced data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 91. The system according to claim 91, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 92. The system according to claim 92, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 100. The system according to claim 100, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
110. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing in said computer tracking system disparate data, wherein said disparate data comprise metabolite data and other data, and said disparate data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked disparate data to a numeric format;
d) means for converting said numeric format data to a common unit system;
e) means for reducing the dimensionality of said common unit system data, wherein said dimensionally reduced data are a coherent data set; and
f) means for determining the most informative of said dimensionally reduced data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 111. The system according to claim 111, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 120. The system according to claim 120, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
129. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing in said computer tracking system disparate data, wherein said disparate data comprise metabolite data and other data, and said disparate data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked disparate data to a numeric format;
d) means for transforming said numeric format data into a Gaussian distribution;
e) means for converting said Gaussian distribution data to a common unit system wherein said common unit system data are a coherent data set; and
f) means for determining the most informative of said common unit system data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 130. The system according to claim 130, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 131. The system according to claim 131, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 139. The system according to claim 139, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
148. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing in said computer tracking system disparate data, wherein said disparate data comprise metabolite data and at least two other types of data, and said disparate data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked disparate data to a numeric format;
d) means for converting said numeric format data to a common unit system, wherein said common unit system data are a coherent data set; and
e) means for determining the most informative of said common unit system data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 149. The system according to claim 149, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 150. The system according to claim 150, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 158. The system according to claim 158, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
166. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing in said computer tracking system disparate data, wherein said disparate data comprise metabolite data and at least two other types of data, and said disparate data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked disparate data to a numeric format;
d) means for transforming said numeric format data into a Gaussian distribution;
e) means for converting said Gaussian distribution data to a common unit system;
f) means for reducing the dimensionality of said common unit system data, wherein said dimensionally reduced data are a coherent data set; and
g) means for determining the most informative of said dimensionally reduced data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 167. The system according to claim 167, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 168. The system according to claim 168, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 176. The system according to claim 176, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
186. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing in said computer tracking system disparate data, wherein said disparate data comprise metabolite data and at least two other types of data, and said disparate data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked disparate data to a numeric format;
d) means for converting said numeric format data to a common unit system;
e) means for reducing the dimensionality of said common unit system data, wherein said dimensionally reduced data are a coherent data set; and
f) means for determining the most informative of said dimensionally reduced data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 187. The system according to claim 187, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 188. The system according to claim 188, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 196. The system according to claim 196, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
205. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a computer tracking system;
b) means for storing in said computer tracking system disparate data, wherein said disparate data comprise metabolite data and at least two other types of data, and said disparate data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked disparate data to a numeric format;
d) means for transforming said numeric format data into a Gaussian distribution;
e) means for converting said Gaussian distribution data to a common unit system, wherein said common unit system data are a coherent data set; and
f) means for determining the most informative of said common unit system data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 206. The system according to claim 206, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 207. The system according to claim 207, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 215. The system according to claim 215, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
224. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a laboratory information management system (LIMS);
b) means for storing data comprising RNA data, phenotype data, and metabolite data in said LIMS, wherein said data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked data to a numeric format;
d) means for transforming said numeric format data into a Gaussian distribution;
e) means for converting said Gaussian distribution data to a common unit system, wherein said common unit system is deviation from a baseline;
f) means for reducing the dimensionality of said common unit system data, wherein said dimensionally reduced data are a coherent data set; and
g) means for determining the most informative of said dimensionally reduced data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 225. The system according to claim 225, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 226. The system according to claim 226, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 233. The system according to claim 233, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
243. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a laboratory information management system (LIMS);
b) means for storing data comprising RNA data, phenotype data, and metabolite data in said LIMS, wherein said data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked data to a numeric format;
d) means for converting said numeric format data to a common unit system, wherein said common unit system data are a coherent data set; and
e) means for determining the most informative of said common unit system data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 244. The system according to claim 244, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 245. The system according to claim 245, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 252. The system according to claim 252, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
260. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a laboratory information management system (LIMS);
b) means for storing data comprising RNA data, phenotype data, and metabolite data in said LIMS, wherein said data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked data to a numeric format;
d) means for transforming said numeric format data into a Gaussian distribution;
e) means for converting said Gaussian distribution data to a common unit system, wherein said common unit system data are a coherent data set; and
f) means for determining the most informative of said common unit system data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 261. The system according to claim 261, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 262. The system according to claim 262, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 269. The system according to claim 269, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
-
278. A system for establishing a signature profile indicative of the physiological status of an individual, comprising:
-
a) means for entering a unique identifier of at least one biological sample into a laboratory information management system (LIMS);
b) means for storing data comprising RNA data, phenotype data, and metabolite data in said LIMS, wherein said data are linked to said unique identifier;
c) means for converting said linked data to a numeric format;
d) means for converting said numeric format data to a common unit system;
e) means for reducing the dimensionality of said common unit system data, wherein said dimensionally reduced data are a coherent data set; and
f) means for determining the most informative of said dimensionally reduced data;
wherein said most informative data are a signature profile indicative of physiological status.
-
- 279. The system according to claim 279, wherein said metabolite data comprise data from at least three processes.
- 280. The system according to claim 280, wherein said three processes are selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), hyphenated mass spectroscopy (MS-MS), gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- 287. The system according to claim 287, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of human primate, non-human primate, canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rodent, liver tissue, liver spheroids, primary hepatocytes, liver cell lines, and HepG2 cells.
Specification