Methods and apparatus for high-shear mixing and reacting of materials

• US 20040052158A1
• Filed: 09/11/2003
• Published: 03/18/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/11/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Bright Path Laboratories Incorporated, The 323 Trust
• Original Assignee: Kreido Biofuels, Inc.
• Inventors: Holl, Richard A.
• Granted Patent: US 7,165,881 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 366/341
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 2215/0427 Numerical distance values, e.g. separation, position
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 2215/0431 Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/4413 the slits being formed between opposed conical or cylindrical surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B01F 25/4421 the surfaces being maintained in a fixed position, spaced from each other, therefore maintaining the slit always open
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/247 Suited for forming thin films
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00085 Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00135 Electric resistance heaters
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00164 controlling the flow

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for high shear reacting and/or mixing of moving fluid streams of materials employ an interdiffusing and reacting zone formed in the space between two stationary surfaces, the surfaces being spaced apart a maximum distance of the sum of the thicknesses of the back-to-back boundary layers of the materials and/or resulting materials on the surfaces, to a value such that any third layer between the two boundary layers is too thin to support agitation characterized by turbulent convection and/or to cause channeling. The materials are interdiffused by high speed laminar shear produced by the flow of the materials rather than mixed by macroscopic convection, the materials being driven by high velocity inlet feeds, auxiliary high pressure gas flow pumped into the reaction/mixing zone, or auxiliary high pressure gas flow created as an evolving gaseous byproduct of any chemical reaction that may occur.

Claims

1. A method for high-shear mixing and reacting of materials comprising:

supplying a first material to a flow path constituted by an interdiffusion passage between two closely spaced stationary surfaces at a respective first flow rate;

supplying a second material to the flow path through the interdiffusion passage at a respective second flow rate, to be interdiffused with the first material therein, with resultant material from the interdiffusion and any consequent reaction moving in the flow path at a respective resultant flow rate;

wherein the first and the second materials, and material resulting from interdiffusion and any consequent reaction of the materials, form respective boundary layers against both surfaces;

wherein the radial spacing between the two surfaces is equal to or less than the back-to-back radial thicknesses of the two boundary layers of material against the two surfaces, and if larger than the back-to-back radial thicknesses with a third layer between the two boundary layers has the third layer too thin to support turbulent convection or to cause channeling; and

wherein the flow rates of the materials in the flow path are such that they are subjected to laminar shear of the value required for the interdiffusion.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two spaced stationary surfaces are provided by two cylindrical apparatus members mounted one within the other, whereby the inner surface of the outer member and the outer surface of the inner member constitute two parallel, closely spaced smooth surfaces providing an annular interdiffusion passage constituting the flow path for the materials.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow rates of the materials are such that their median linear velocity between the two spaced stationary surfaces is at least 5.0 meters per second.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smoothness of the spaced stationary surfaces is 10 microinches or less.

5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the smoothness of the spaced stationary surfaces is 5 microinches or less.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of the materials supplied to the flow passage is an auxiliary gas supplied thereto under sufficient pressure to produce the required flow rate of the other material or materials in the flow passage.

7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the required flow rate of the materials in the flow passage results from an increase in volume of the materials in the flow passage resulting from reaction between the materials.

8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the required flow rate of the materials in the flow passage results from an increase in volume of the materials in the passage resulting from the production of a gaseous reaction product from reaction between the materials.

17. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two closely spaced stationary surfaces are parallel.

9. Apparatus for high-shear mixing and reacting of materials comprising:

apparatus structure providing two parallel, closely spaced stationary surfaces constituting between them a flow path that is an interdiffusion passage;

means supplying a first material to the flow path through the interdiffusion passage at a respective first flow rate;

means supplying a second material to the flow path through the interdiffusion passage at a respective second flow rate, to be interdiffused with the first material therein, with resultant material from the interdiffusion and any consequent reaction moving in the flow path at a respective resultant flow rate;

wherein the first and the second materials, and material resulting from interdiffusion and any consequent reaction of the materials, form respective boundary layers against both surfaces;

wherein the radial spacing between the two surfaces is equal to or less than the back-to-back radial thicknesses of the two boundary layers of the material against the two surfaces, and if larger than the back-to-back radial thicknesses with a third layer between the two boundary layers has the third layer too thin to support turbulent convection or to cause channeling; and

wherein the means supplying the first and second materials supply those materials at flow rates such that the materials in the passage are subjected to laminar shear of the value required for the interdiffusion.

10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the two spaced surfaces comprise two cylindrical apparatus members mounted one within the other, with the inner surface of the outer member and the outer surface of the inner member constituting two parallel, closely spaced smooth surfaces providing an annular interdiffusion passage between them.

11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the flow rates of the materials are such that their linear velocity between the two spaced stationary surfaces is at least 5.0 meters per second.

12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the smoothness of the surfaces is 10 microinches or less.

13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the smoothness of the surfaces is 5 microinches or less.

14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein one of the materials supplied to the flow passage is an auxiliary gas supplied thereto under sufficient pressure to produce the required flow rate of the other material or materials in the flow passage.

15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the required flow rate of the materials in the flow passage results from an increase in volume of the materials in the flow passage produced by chemical reaction between the materials.

16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the required flow rate of the materials in the flow passage results from an increase in volume of the materials in the passage resulting from the production of a gaseous reaction product from chemical reaction between the materials.