Method and apparatus for portfolio trading using margin
First Claim
1. A method for creating a portfolio of assets/rights and liabilities having a user specifiable riskiness characteristic comprising:
- determining an amount of a desired portfolio of assets/rights/liabilities that must be purchased on margin so that a riskiness characteristic of a resulting portfolio matches a user specified riskiness characteristic; and
purchasing the determined amount of the desired portfolio of assets/rights/liabilities on margin.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An automated portfolio manager system enables an investor or portfolio manager to quickly adjust the underlying risk of the entire portfolio without modifying the underlying investments in the portfolio. A user interface enables the user to adjust the risk (e.g., beta) of a portfolio of investments without adding or deleting investments from the portfolio by purchasing more or less of the entire portfolio on margin, thereby increasing or decreasing the riskiness of the portfolio. A predetermined portfolio of investments is provided to all investors. Each investor'"'"'s desired risk/reward characteristic for his or her portfolio is accommodated by determining an appropriate amount of the predetermined portfolio to purchase on margin or an appropriate amount of the user'"'"'s funds to place in cash reserves (or other less risky investment) to modify an actual risk/reward characteristic of the portfolio so that it matches the investor'"'"'s desired risk/reward characteristic without changing the underlying investments. Moreover, this modification can be accomplished by interacting with the user in a simple manner, e.g., via a graphical user interface, that helps the user select a particular risk/reward characteristic, which is then used to calculate the above required values. Furthermore, the complexities of purchasing on margin and determining the appropriate cash reserves are hidden from the user, thereby enabling the user to focus on the portfolio characteristics rather than the trading exigencies.
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Citations
54 Claims
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1. A method for creating a portfolio of assets/rights and liabilities having a user specifiable riskiness characteristic comprising:
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determining an amount of a desired portfolio of assets/rights/liabilities that must be purchased on margin so that a riskiness characteristic of a resulting portfolio matches a user specified riskiness characteristic; and
purchasing the determined amount of the desired portfolio of assets/rights/liabilities on margin. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. A method for enabling a user to purchase a portfolio of assets, rights or liabilities having a riskiness characteristic specifiable by the user comprising:
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providing a predetermined portfolio of assets, rights or liabilities;
receiving a user specified riskiness characteristic and a user'"'"'s investment funds;
determining an amount of the predetermined portfolio of assets, rights or liabilities that must be purchased on margin so that a resulting riskiness characteristic of a resulting portfolio matches the user specified riskiness characteristic; and
purchasing the determined amount of the predetermined portfolio of assets, rights or liabilities on margin along with an amount of the predetermined portfolio of assets, rights or liabilities purchased with the user'"'"'s investment funds.
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8. A method for enabling a one or more investors to create investment portfolios comprising:
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providing a predetermined plurality of investments as a single investment portfolio available for purchase by said investors, wherein said single investment portfolio has an associated riskiness characteristic; and
modifying the associated riskiness characteristic to each user'"'"'s specified riskiness characteristic by adjusting an amount of the single investment portfolio to be purchased on margin by said each user. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10)
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11. A method for creating a portfolio of investments for one or more investors comprising:
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creating a portfolio of investments having a plurality of predetermined investments each of which comprise a predetermined weight of the portfolio, wherein said portfolio has a known risk factor;
receiving one or more portfolio orders from the one or more investors, each of said portfolio orders including an investor specified risk factor and an investor supplied investment amount;
calculating, for each of the one or more portfolio orders, a portion of the predetermined portfolio that must be purchased on margin or a portion of the investment amount that must be held in a less risky investment vehicle to obtain the user specified risk factor for a resulting portfolio; and
purchasing the calculated amount, if any, of the predetermined portfolio on margin and purchasing an amount of the predetermined portfolio with funds equal to the investment amount less any calculated amount to be invested in the less risky investment vehicle. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A method for creating, managing and trading a portfolio of assets, rights and/or liabilities comprising:
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receiving one or more portfolio orders to trade one or more portfolios of assets, rights and/or liabilities from each of one or more users, said one or more orders including at least one margin order to trade one of the one or more portfolios of assets, rights and/or liabilities involving a user specifiable amount of margin;
converting the one or more portfolio orders into a plurality (m) of individual orders for each of the one or more assets, rights and/or liabilities;
converting the plurality of individual orders in each of the one or more assets, rights and/or liabilities into one or more fewer (n) individual orders in each of the plurality of assets, rights and/or liabilities, wherein 1≦
n<
m; and
forwarding the one or more fewer orders of each of the assets, rights and/or liabilities to a market for each of the assets, rights and/or liabilities. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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28. An apparatus for managing and trading portfolios of assets, rights and/or liabilities comprising:
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a computer including a display and a user interface; and
a computer readable media having encoded thereon instructions causing the computer to create a portfolio of assets/rights and/or liabilities with a user specifiable riskiness characteristic by;
determining an amount of a desired portfolio of assets/rights/liabilities that must be purchased on margin so that a riskiness characteristic of a resulting portfolio matches a user specified riskiness characteristic; and
purchasing the determined amount of the desired portfolio of assets/rights/liabilities on margin. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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34. An apparatus for managing and trading portfolios of assets, rights and/or liabilities comprising:
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a processor; and
a computer readable media having encoded thereon instructions causing the processor to enable a user to purchase a portfolio of assets, rights or liabilities having a riskiness characteristic specifiable by the user comprising;
providing a predetermined portfolio of assets, rights or liabilities to the user;
receiving a user specified riskiness characteristic and a user'"'"'s investment funds;
determining an amount of the predetermined portfolio of assets, rights or liabilities that must be purchased on margin so that a resulting riskiness characteristic of a resulting portfolio matches the user specified riskiness characteristic; and
purchasing the determined amount of the predetermined portfolio of assets, rights or liabilities on margin along with an amount of the predetermined portfolio of assets, rights or liabilities purchased with the user'"'"'s investment funds.
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35. An apparatus for enabling a one or more investors to create investment portfolios comprising:
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a processor; and
a computer readable media having encoded thereon instructions causing the processor to;
provide a predetermined plurality of investments as a single investment portfolio available for purchase by said investors, wherein said single investment portfolio has an associated riskiness characteristic; and
modify the associated riskiness characteristic to each user'"'"'s specified riskiness characteristic by adjusting an amount of the single investment portfolio to be purchased on margin by said each user. - View Dependent Claims (36, 37)
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38. An apparatus for creating a portfolio of investments for one or more investors comprising:
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a processor; and
a computer readable media having encoded thereon instructions causing the processor to;
create a portfolio of investments having a plurality of predetermined investments each of which comprise a predetermined weight of the portfolio, wherein said portfolio has a known risk factor;
receive one or more portfolio orders from the one or more investors, each of said portfolio orders including an investor specified risk factor and an investor supplied investment amount;
calculate, for each of the one or more portfolio orders, a portion of the predetermined portfolio that must be purchased on margin or a portion of the investment amount that must be held in a less risky investment vehicle to obtain the user specified risk factor for a resulting portfolio; and
purchase the calculated amount, if any, of the predetermined portfolio on margin and purchasing an amount of the predetermined portfolio with funds equal to the investment amount less any calculated amount to be invested in the less risky investment vehicle. - View Dependent Claims (39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47)
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48. An apparatus for creating, managing and trading a portfolio of assets, rights and/or liabilities comprising:
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a processor; and
a computer readable media having encoded thereon instructions causing a processor to;
receive one or more orders to trade one or more portfolios of assets, rights and/or liabilities from each of one or more users;
receive from at least one of the one or more users a margin order to trade one of the one or more portfolios of assets, rights and/or liabilities using a user specifiable amount of margin;
aggregate each of the one or more assets, rights and/or liabilities in each of the one or more portfolios to obtain fewer orders of assets, rights and/or liabilities; and
forward the fewer orders of assets, rights and/or liabilities to a market for each of the assets, rights and/or liabilities. - View Dependent Claims (49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54)
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Specification