Physically small antenna elements and antennas based thereon
First Claim
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1. An antenna element for use at an operating frequency and corresponding wavelength, comprising:
- a first sub-element having a total length of approximately one-half wavelength in a substantially rectangular shape;
the first sub-element comprising first and third sides each having a length of approximately one-sixth wavelength, and second and fourth sides each having a width of approximately one-twelfth wavelength;
wherein a signal is connected in series to a feed-point located at the mid-point of the first side;
wherein a first gap is located at the mid-point of the third side and is a first fraction of the wavelength in length; and
a second sub-element having a total length of approximately one-half wavelength in a substantially rectangular shape;
the second sub-element comprising fifth and seventh sides each having a length of approximately one-sixth wavelength, and sixth and eighth sides each having a width of approximately one-twelfth wavelength;
wherein a second gap of said first fraction in length is located at the mid-point of the seventh side;
said first side of said first sub-element being positioned in parallel and spaced a second fraction of the wavelength apart from the fifth side of said second sub-element, such that the first and second sub-elements are magnetically coupled.
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Abstract
A shaped antenna element that radically reduces the physical size needed for resonance without the use of lossy loading elements, while at the same time allowing direct connection to a coaxial feeder. The element is composed of at least two sub-elements in close proximity to each other, coupled electrically to each other such that the radiation resistance of the composite element is increased substantially. The composite element can be used either as an antenna that consists of multiple such elements in order to provide increased directivity.
28 Citations
18 Claims
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1. An antenna element for use at an operating frequency and corresponding wavelength, comprising:
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a first sub-element having a total length of approximately one-half wavelength in a substantially rectangular shape;
the first sub-element comprising first and third sides each having a length of approximately one-sixth wavelength, and second and fourth sides each having a width of approximately one-twelfth wavelength;
wherein a signal is connected in series to a feed-point located at the mid-point of the first side;
wherein a first gap is located at the mid-point of the third side and is a first fraction of the wavelength in length; and
a second sub-element having a total length of approximately one-half wavelength in a substantially rectangular shape;
the second sub-element comprising fifth and seventh sides each having a length of approximately one-sixth wavelength, and sixth and eighth sides each having a width of approximately one-twelfth wavelength;
wherein a second gap of said first fraction in length is located at the mid-point of the seventh side;
said first side of said first sub-element being positioned in parallel and spaced a second fraction of the wavelength apart from the fifth side of said second sub-element, such that the first and second sub-elements are magnetically coupled. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. An antenna element for use at an operating frequency and corresponding wavelength, comprising:
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a first sub-element having a total length of approximately one-half wavelength in a substantially step-like shape;
the first sub-element comprising sequentially first, second, and third sections each having a length of approximately one-sixth wavelength;
wherein a signal is connected in series to a feed-point located at the mid-point of the second section; and
a second sub-element having a total length of approximately one-half wavelength in a substantially step-like shape;
the second sub-element comprising sequentially fourth, fifth, and sixth sections each having a length of approximately one-sixth wavelength;
said first and second sub-elements being transposed relative to each other such that the first section of said first sub-element is positioned in line with the sixth section of said second sub-element and the third section of said first sub-element is positioned in line with the fourth section of said second sub-element;
said second section of said first sub-element being spaced a fraction of the wavelength apart from the fifth section of said second sub-element, such that the first and second sub-elements are magnetically coupled. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A ground plane antenna element for use at an operating frequency and corresponding wavelength, comprising:
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a first sub-element having a total length of approximately one-quarter wavelength comprising sequentially first, second, and third sections;
the first section extending vertically upwards from a ground plane, the second section extending horizontally, parallel to the ground plane, and the third section extending vertically down towards the ground plane;
the end of the third section forming a gap with the ground plane a first fraction of the wavelength in length;
wherein a signal is connected to a feed-point between the first section and the ground plane; and
a plurality of second sub-elements, each having a total length of approximately one-quarter wavelength comprising sequentially first, second, and third sections;
the first section connecting to and extending vertically upwards from the ground plane, the second section extending horizontally, parallel to the ground plane, and the third section extending vertically down towards the ground plane;
the end of the third section forming a gap with the ground plane the first fraction of the wavelength in length;
said plurality of second sub-elements being disposed symmetrically and in parallel around said first sub-element and being spaced a second fraction of the wavelength apart from each neighboring sub-element. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18)
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Specification