Tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells
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Abstract
It has been found that dendritic cells can be prepared which cannot mature. These cells can provide signal 1 to T cells but cannot provide co-stimulatory signal 2. T cells which are stimulated by the permanently immature dendritic cells therefore anergise, so the dendritic cells are tolerogenic rather than immunogenic. The cells are generally CD40−ve, CD80−ve and CD86−ve, and remain so when stimulated by inflammatory mediators such as lipopolysaccharide. The cells can be prepared conveniently by the culturing adherent embryonic stem cells in the presence of GM-CSF.
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Citations
31 Claims
- 1. A dendritic cell which is immature and cannot mature.
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2. A dendritic cell which is able to present antigens to T cells, which is CD40−
- ve CD80−
ve and CD86−
ve, and which remains CD40−
ve CD80−
ve and CD86−
ve when stimulated by inflammatory mediators.
- ve CD80−
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3. A dendritic cell which can deliver signal 1 to a T cell, but which cannot provide signal 2 to the T cell, either in a resting state or when stimulated by an inflammatory mediator.
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4. A tolerogenic dendritic cell differentiated in vitro from an ES cell.
- 9. A process for preparing a tolerogenic antigen-presenting cell from a stem cell, wherein the method includes the step of culturing the stem cell in the presence of one or more cytokine(s) which cause(s) the stem cell to differentiate into the tolerogenic cell.
Specification