Analyte sensors and methods for making them
First Claim
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1. A sensor for implantation within a body, the sensor comprising:
- a base layer;
a sensor layer disposed upon the base layer wherein the sensor layer includes a plurality of sensor elements;
an enzyme layer disposed upon the sensor layer, wherein the enzyme layer is less than 2 microns in thickness and further wherein the enzyme layer coats all of the plurality of sensing elements on the sensor layer; and
a cover layer.
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Abstract
Embodiments of the invention provide analyte sensors having stabilized coating compositions and methods for making such sensors. Illustrative embodiments include electrochemical glucose sensors having stabilized glucose oxidase coatings that are generated for example, via spin coating processes.
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Citations
50 Claims
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1. A sensor for implantation within a body, the sensor comprising:
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a base layer;
a sensor layer disposed upon the base layer wherein the sensor layer includes a plurality of sensor elements;
an enzyme layer disposed upon the sensor layer, wherein the enzyme layer is less than 2 microns in thickness and further wherein the enzyme layer coats all of the plurality of sensing elements on the sensor layer; and
a cover layer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. An electrochemical analyte sensor, the sensor comprising:
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a base layer;
a sensor layer disposed upon the base layer wherein the sensor layer includes at least one working electrode, at least one counter electrode, and at least one reference electrode;
an enzyme layer disposed upon the sensor layer, wherein the enzyme layer is less than 2 microns in thickness; and
an analyte contacting layer;
wherein the analyte contacting layer regulates the amount of analyte that contacts the enzyme layer. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. A glucose sensor for implantation within a body, the sensor comprising:
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a base layer;
a sensor layer disposed upon the base layer, a glucose oxidase layer disposed upon the sensor layer, wherein the glucose oxidase is stabilized by combining it with albumin in a defined ratio and further wherein the glucose oxidase and the albumin are distributed in a substantially uniform manner throughout the disposed layer; and
a glucose limiting layer;
wherein the glucose limiting layer regulates the amount of glucose that contacts the glucose oxidase layer. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. An electrochemical glucose sensor having hydrogen peroxide recycling capabilities, the sensor comprising:
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a base layer;
a sensor layer disposed upon the base layer wherein the sensor layer includes at least one working electrode and at least one counter electrode;
a glucose oxidase layer disposed upon the sensor layer, wherein the glucose oxidase layer coats at least a portion of the working electrode and at least a portion of the counter electrode in a manner such that the working electrode oxidizes hydrogen peroxide that is produced by glucose oxidase upon reaction with glucose; and
a glucose limiting layer;
wherein the glucose limiting layer is disposed on the sensor so as to regulate the amount of glucose that can contact the glucose oxidase layer and further wherein the glucose limiting layer is disposed on the sensor so as to inhibit the diffusion of hydrogen peroxide into the environment in which the sensor is placed. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
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30. A method of making a sensor comprising the steps of:
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a providing a base layer;
forming a sensor layer on the base layer;
spin coating an enzyme layer on the sensor layer; and
forming an analyte contacting layer on the sensor, wherein the analyte contacting layer regulates the amount of analyte that can contact the enzyme layer. - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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40. A method of making a glucose sensor comprising the steps of:
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a providing a base layer;
forming a sensor layer on the base, wherein the sensor layer includes at least one working electrode and at least one counter electrode;
forming a glucose oxidase layer on the sensor layer by a spin coating process, wherein the glucose oxidase layer coats at least a portion of the working electrode and at least a portion of the counter electrode; and
forming an glucose limiting layer on the glucose sensor so as to regulate the amount of glucose that can contact the glucose oxidase layer. - View Dependent Claims (41, 42, 43, 44)
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- 45. A method of making a less than about 2 micron coating of stabilized glucose oxidase on the surface of at least one electrode comprising combining glucose oxidase with albumin in a ratio of about 20,000 units of glucose oxidase and about 5% albumin by weight and applying the glucose oxidase and albumin mixture to the surface of an electrode by a process selected from the group consisting of a spin coating process, a dip and dry process, a microdeposition process, a jet printer deposition process, a screen printing process or a doctor blading process.
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50. A stabilized glucose oxidase layer for coating the surface of an electrode wherein:
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the glucose oxidase is mixed with a carrier protein in a fixed ratio within the layer;
the glucose oxidase and the carrier protein are distributed in a substantially uniform manner throughout the layer; and
the layer is less than 2 microns in thickness.
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Specification